Have humans seen much of the ocean?

No, humans have seen very, very little of it.

Submersibles and self-contained diving changed the study of the ocean by allowing scientists to

take living samples without killing them, pick specific samples, directly observe phenomena in their natural setting, directly observe organism behaviors

The Cook expedition's geographical discoveries include

many south Pacific islands, Hawaii

The voyages of James Cook differ from those of sea explorers before him because

they had science and exploration as their only goals

As a result of his observations during the H.M.S. Beagle expedition, Darwin proposed

the theory of natural selection, the theory of evolution of species

the uppermost solid portion of the mantle and the crust

Going from the center of the Earth outwards, the four major layers are

inner core -> outer core -> mantle -> crust

Types of submersible that have been used for underwater research include

deep-diving submersibles, bathyspheres, bathyscapes

someone who uses the processes of science to find answers

Ocean literacy is important because:

it allows you to make responsible decisions related to the ocean.

Mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys, and trenches are thought to

mark the boundaries between tectonic plates

The Atlantis is significant because it was

the first ship constructed specifically for marine science

Evidence Wegener used to support the theory of continental drift included

that the shapes of the continents fit together, the distribution of fossils, the discovery of coal in Antarctica

The significance of Polynesian seafaring is that

it is the earliest known regular open ocean seafaring beyond sight of land

If Wegener could have explained _____, his theory of continental drift might have been more widely accepted in his day

what forces could move continents

Evidence of seafloor spreading includes

the magnetic patterns found on the seafloor, the pattern of sediment layers, radiometric dating of seafloor and midcontinent rocks

According to the theory of plate tectonics, at a divergent boundary

plates spread apart from one another

a scientific explanation with observable supporting

The theory of continental drift says that

all of the continents were once one continent but broke up and drifted

Sonar contributed to information about the ocean bottom by

giving scientists a way to map the bottom terrain

The two technological innovations found in Chinese ships by the mid 1400s were

the central rudder and watertight compartments

The Greek Pytheas is credited with

using the North Star to determine how far north or south you are

When isostatic equilibrium becomes disrupted, landmasses will restore the balance by

rising or falling along a fault

Balboa's accomplishment was

crossing the Isthmus of Panama and finding the Pacific Ocean

According to the theory of plate tectonics, the lithosphere consists of

several rigid plates that float on the asthenosphere

Surface observations that satellites can make to benefit oceanographers include

color, shape, sea-surface height, temperature

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Unit 1 Marine Science Review

89 termsStudBud Administration

Review for Unit 1 for Marine Science Includes the following chapters: -Chapter 1 -Chapter 2 -Chapter 13

Flashcards89 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 89

Answers

1
A parallel is another name for ___. The 0 parallel is called ___.
a latitude line, the prime meridian
a longitude line, the equator
a latitude line, the equator
the equator, the prime meridian
2
The noted discovery made by the second H.M.S Challenger was
the deepest known point in the ocean
none of the above
Challenger Deep
Both triangle and diamond
3
Marine science involves the traditional science disciplines of all of the following EXCEPT
Earth and space science
physical science
life science
paranormal science
4
Have humans seen much of the ocean?
Yes and no. Humans have seen about half of it.
Yes, humans have seen almost all of it.
There is not enough information to answer.
No, humans have seen very, very little of it.
5
The accomplishment for which we recognize the German Meteor expedition was
mapping the Atlantic seafloor
all of the above
locating Challenger Deep
the discovery of meteors in German waters
6
Submersibles and self-contained diving changed the study of the ocean by allowing scientists to
take living samples without killing them
pick specific samples
directly observe phenomena in their natural setting
directly observe organism behaviors
7
The ocean is important to life on Earth because it influences
weather
Earth's Orbit
climate
solar flares
8
Most marine scientists have training in the traditional science disciplines because marine science is interdisciplinary.
True
False
9
The expedition commonly recognized as the first devoted entirely to marine science is
the United States Exploring Expedition
the Challenger expedition
the first Cook expedition
the Beagle expedition
10
The Cook expedition's geographical discoveries include
many south Pacific islands
that New Zealand isn't part of Antarctica
Antarctica
Hawaii
11
The voyages of James Cook differ from those of sea explorers before him because
he discovered Antarctica
they had science and exploration as their only goals
all of the above
they were major military victories
12
One primary force that scientists think causes plates to move is
vaporization
rotation
convection
subduction
13
Technology is a material system that produces intended results.
True
False
14
As a result of his observations during the H.M.S. Beagle expedition, Darwin proposed
the theory of coral extinction
the theory of natural selection
the theory of Galapagos current formation
the theory of evolution of species
15
The lithosphere is
the uppermost solid portion of the mantle and the crust
another name for the crust
the liquid layer that the crust floats on
the uppermost solid portion of the mantle
16
Going from the center of the Earth outwards, the four major layers are
inner core -> outer core -> mantle -> crust
mantle -> inner core -> outer core -> crust
inner core -> outer core -> crust -> mantle
crust -> mantle -> inner core -> outer core
17
Which of the following is not a branch of oceanography?
Spatial
Biological
Chemical
Physical
18
A _____ is an underwater mountain range with a _____ running through the center of it.
trench, mid-ocean ridge
mid-ocean ridge, rift valley
rift valley, trench
trench, rift valley
19
The second expedition around the world was led by ____ in the years ____.
Columbus, 1492-1524
Magellan, 1519-1522
Drake, 1577-1580
20
Types of submersible that have been used for underwater research include
deep-diving submersibles
bathyspheres
bathyscapes
none of the above
21
According to the theory of plate tectonics, at a transform boundary
plates collide with each other
plates spread apart from one another
plates slide past each other
22
A scientist is
someone who knows a lot of science facts
none of the above
someone with many college degrees
someone who uses the processes of science to find answers
23
The United States Exploring Expedition proved the existence of
the Arctic
Australia
the United States
none of the above
24
The Middle Ages are known for ___ the knowledge of geography and science in Europe
improving
suppressing advancements in
motivating
25
Ocean literacy is important because:
you need it to be able to read books about the ocean.
you'll be test on it in college
it allows you to make responsible decisions related to the ocean.
26
Mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys, and trenches are thought to
reverse roles in the Southern Hemisphere
occur in the middle of tectonic plates
mark the boundaries between tectonic plates
have no relationship to plate tectonics
27
The Atlantis is significant because it was
the ship that discovered the lost continent of Atlantis
the first ship constructed specifically for marine science
none of the above
used to locate the Mariana Trench
28
Evidence Wegener used to support the theory of continental drift included
that the shapes of the continents fit together
the distribution of fossils
the discovery of coal in Antarctica
that nature abhors a vacuum
29
Science progresses through revision of theories based on new evidence or better explanations of exisiting evidence.
True
False
30
Other disciplines that draw on marine science may include
all of the above
atmospheric science
astronomy
ecology
31
The first expedition around the world was led by ____ in the years ____.
Drake, 1577-1580
Magellan, 1519-1522
Columbus, 1492-1524
32
The significance of Polynesian seafaring is that
it introduced the concept of the North Star
it is the earliest known regular open ocean seafaring beyond sight of land
it brought Europeans to the Pacific Ocean
33
The theory of plate tectonics unites the theory of seafloor spreading with the theory of evolution.
False
True
34
If Wegener could have explained _____, his theory of continental drift might have been more widely accepted in his day
why Australia has organisms like kangaroos
how coal forms
what forces could move continents
what causes the tides
35
Evidence of seafloor spreading includes
the magnetic patterns found on the seafloor
the pattern of sediment layers
mineral patterns consistent with moon rocks
radiometric dating of seafloor and midcontinent rocks
36
The invention of the ____ in 1735 was a major breakthrough for open ocean navigation.
chronometer
compass
sextant
GPS
37
Ancient uses and explorations/European voyages of discovery are included in the four stages of history of oceanography
False
True
38
According to the theory of plate tectonics, at a divergent boundary
plates collide with each other
plates spread apart from one another
plates slide past each other
39
A theory is
the same thing as a hypothesis
an educated, scientific guess
both triangle and diamond
a scientific explanation with observable supporting
40
The theory of continental drift says that
all of the continents were once one continent but broke up and drifted
continents have always been separate but may one day drift together
41
Sonar contributed to information about the ocean bottom by
giving scientists a way to map the bottom terrain
allowing scientists to detect submarines
42
The two technological innovations found in Chinese ships by the mid 1400s were
the steam turbine and the crow's nest
the sail and the crow's nest
the central rudder and watertight compartments
the central rudder and the steam turbine
43
Reasons for studying the history of oceanography include
it is interesting
it is part of understanding how the ocean has affected society
all of the above
it explains how and why marine sciences are conducted today
44
The primary motivations that led to ocean explorations of the 15th century were
research, adventure, sport
economics, politics, religion
45
The Greek Pytheas is credited with
using the North Star to determine how far north or south you are
using smell to navigate at sea
the Pythagorean Theorem
46
When isostatic equilibrium becomes disrupted, landmasses will restore the balance by
rising or falling along a fault
shifting the level of the ocean
creating a volcano
47
Balboa's accomplishment was
sailing around the world for the first time
sailing around the world for the second time
crossing the Isthmus of Panama and finding the Pacific Ocean
48
According to the theory of plate tectonics, the lithosphere consists of
several rigid plates that float on the asthenosphere
an unbroken solid mass that surrounds the molten interior
hot spots that float up from the mantle
49
Surface observations that satellites can make to benefit oceanographers include
color
shape
sea-surface height
temperature
50
The first European to recognize that South America was a new continent was
Ptolemy
da Gama
Vespucci
Columbus
51
It is _____________ that has made true exploration of the ocean possible.
changes in international law
government funding
technology
a decling interest in space exploration
52
Marine Science is:
the process of discovering the facts, purposes, and unifying principles...
research carried on by the US Marines
the study of fish and fish-like organisms.
none of the above
53
The three explorers who established the route around the Cape of Good Hope to India were
Columbus, Dias, and da Gama
Prince Henry, Dias, and da Gama
Prince Henry, Columbus, and Balboa
Prince Henry, de Gama, and Balboa
54
We remember Matthew Maury as the father of physical oceanography because of his study of the currents/physical aspects.
True
False
55
Three marine resources that are important include
coal, trade, oil
food, natural resource, oxygen
food, oxygen, natural gas
coal, trade, natural gas
56
Strabo's map was significant because it was one of the earliest published maps of the world.
True
False
57
A hypothesis is
an educated scientific guess that you can test
the same thing as a theory
all of the above
a wild guess
58
Effects on the ocean from human interaction include:
the loss of crucial marine environments
depleted fisheries
all of the above
pollution
59
GPS has benefited seafaring and oceanography by
making navigation significantly more accurate
increasing underwater duration
bridging the gap between submersibles and scuba
making it possible to see under water
60
According to the hot spot theory, a hot spot
is a local rising column of magma that doesn't move with the plate above it
always forms away from a plate boundary
never forms away from a plate boundary
is a local rising column of magma that does move with the plate above it
61
Oceanography is the science of:
recording and describing the ocean's processes and content
studying the physical, but not biological, aspects of the sea
creating oceanic graphs
Latin and Greek applied to the sea
62
A(n) ___ is remotely operated by a human being, whereas a(n) ___ has its own program and power
Loran-C, GPS
HIC, AUV
AUV, ROV
ROV, AUV
63
Darwin's hypothesis explains that coral reefs form through a process of coral growth as
the seafloor subsides
it evoloves
the seafloor rises
none of the above
64
The Phoenicians contributed to ocean exploration by
inventing the latitude/longitude system
calculating the circumference of the Earth
establishing the first trade routes through the Mediterranean
65
Historians think that, among other things, ancient explorers used their sense of smell to navigate.
False
True
66
Eratosthenes' two major contributions were
using the North Star and calculating Earth's circumference
using the North Star and the first latitdue/longitude system
the first latitude/longitude system and calculating Earth's circumference
67
One of the advantages of submersibles is ___, whereas one of the advantages of self-contained diving is ___.
cost, depth
duration, depth
cost, size
depth, logistics
68
The change that led to the growth and expansion of marine sciences in the 20th century was primarily
the invention of scuba
World War II
the Industrial Revolution
the voyage of the Challenger
69
Science is
both triangle and circle
static and unchanging
an organized method
a body of knowledge
70
The latitude and longitude mapping system is to
identify specific locations on Earth's surface
allow map makers to estimate the size of the Earth
71
Pangaea is the theorized _____. Panthalassa is the theorized _____.
original southern continent, original northern continent
single sea hundreds of million years ago, single continent it surrounded
original northern continent, original southern continent
single continent hundreds of million years ago, single sea that surrounded
72
Drifters are actually anchored to the seafloor. They gather information in place, which is download by scientists.
False
True
73
Beyond traditional science disciplines, marine science involves four study areas that include all BUT
the scientific method
science and technology
the historical nature of science
science as inquiry
74
A global cooling trend in the 9th century affected Scandinavia. It was important because it built an ice bridge to GB.
True
False
75
The three primary reasons for early civilizations to interact with the ocean was food, discovering new lands, and trade.
False
True
76
Discoveries and accomplishments by the H.M.S. Challenger include
sampling and illustrating plankton
the first soundings deeper than 4000 meters
documenting physical, chemical, and biological information in 362 stations
discovering marine organisms in the deep ocean
77
A meridian is another name for ___. The 0 meridian runs thorugh ___.
a latitude line, Greenwich England
a longitude line, Greenwich England
a longitude line, the widest part of the Earth
a latitude line, the widest part of the Earth
78
Of the actions that society can take with respect to the effects of science/tech on the environment, the most logical is
dismiss the effects on the environment as overstate by scientists
consider the environment a lost cause and disregard the effects
abandon technology and return to a primitive lifestyle
prioritize the consequences to the environment in applying technologies
79
According to the rock cycle, _____ rocks form when accumulated organic and inorganic particles cement together.
sedimentary
metamorphic
all of the above
igenous
80
Archimedes' Principle relates to the structure of the Earth due to the lithosphere floating on the asthenosphere.
False
True
81
According to the theory of plate tectonics, at a convergent boundary
plates collide with each other
plates spread apart from one another
plates slide past each other
82
Isostatic equilibrium=the balance between the weight of land and the weight of water that keeps continents from sinking
True
False
83
According to the theory of seafloor spreading, new seafloor _____ due to _____.
emerges from the mid-ocean ridge, basaltic orientation in the trenches
subsides at the trenches, polar reversal
all of the above may be correct at different times
emerges from the rift valley, magma pushing up from the asthenosphere
84
Marine Scientists need cross-discipline training in all of the following EXCEPT
physical education
history
social sciences
mathematics
85
The first recorded sea voyage of any kind was by ___ and took place approximately___.
Phoenicians, 1500 B.C.
Phoenicians, 2750 B.C.
Egyptians, 2750 B.C.
Egyptians, 3200 B.C.
86
According to the theory of plate tectonics, over the next millions of years
southern California will drift below Mexico
a new ocean will form in the East Africa rift valley
the Atlantic Ocean will shrink
the Mediterranean Sea will widen
87
Situatedness is important because
it gives you the right to dispute the experts
it allows you to tell if you're in a situation
none of the above
it is important to take your mind off science periodically
88
By the year 1125, the Chinese had invented
the astrolave
the sexant
the compass
89
Columbus' purpose for his expedition was
to find a route to Asia and East India
to discover the New World

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