The advantage of reporting effect size is that it:

provides scale of values consistent across types of studies

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between concepts?

Between-groups variance = systematic variance

Inferential statistics _____.

are used to make conclusions about the data

A Type I error occurs when one:

rejects the null hypothesis when it is true

Multiple correlation is a technique for:

increasing the accuracy of prediction

What does a Solomon four-group design assess?

The impact of taking the pretest

A regression equation is used to

predict a score for Y from a known score of X

How does restricting the range of a variable affect the correlation coefficient?

It reduces the magnitude of the correlation coefficient

What refers to external validity?

Generalizability of the research findings

An interval scale is preferable to an ordinal scale because:

it allows for more sophisticated statistical treatments

A one-tailed statistical test is used when:

prediction on the direction of difference between groups

The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient:

provides information about the strength of a relationship

A correlation coefficient can be used when both variables use:

interval or ratio scale properties

Which of the following statements is true about ratio scales?

They have an absolute zero point.

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Research Methods - Ch. 12-14

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Questions 36

Answers

1
Compared to the general population, college students tend to have _____
low cognitive skills
a low need for peer approval
unstable peer relationships
a well-developed sense of self-identity
2
The advantage of reporting effect size is that it:
tells us what the sample is like
is more accurate than the correlation coefficient
provides scale of values consistent across types of studies
can be represented on a pie chart
3
The standard deviation would be an appropriate measure only if the variable is measured on:
interval and ratio scales
optimal and interval scales
nominal and ratio scales
ordinal and nominal scales
4
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between concepts?
Between-groups variance = systematic variance
Error variance = between-groups variance
Systematic variance = within-group variance
Systematic variance = error variance
5
Inferential statistics _____.
focus mainly on standard deviations
are used to make conclusions about the data
focus mainly on scales of measurement
are used to generally describe the data
6
A desired probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis is the _____.
effect size of the test
power of the test
Type II error
Type I error
7
A Type I error occurs when one:
rejects the null hypothesis when it is true
accepts the null hypothesis when it is false
rejects the null hypothesis when it is false
accepts the null hypothesis when it is true
8
_____ refers to the strength of association between variables
variance
effect size
statistical index
standard deviation
9
One solution to the problem of generalizing to other experimenters is to use _____
a field experimental technique
quasi-experiments
computers to test participants
two or more experimenters
10
Failures to replicate findings share the same problems as _____.
Type II errors
actual findings
Type I errors
nonsignificant findings
11
The probability of making a Type II error increases when the:
sample size is large
probability of a Type I error is high
significance level is set very high.
effect size is small
12
The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r) does not detect
positive linear relationships
curvilinear relationships
instances of no relationship
negative linear relationships
13
Both IV and DV use nominal scale properties, the most appropriate statistical test would be
analysis of variance
chi-square test
Pearson correlation
t test
14
Alternative to traditional literature reviews for drawing conclusions about a research area is
conceptual replication
meta-analysis
critical theory
science citation analysis
15
Scale of measurement that lacks numeric properties
Interval
Ordinal
Nominal
Ratio
16
Which is one of the three basic ways of describing results of research investigations?
Graphing relationships between variables
Making precise statements about data
Comparing variable quantities
Comparing group percentages
17
Multiple correlation is a technique for:
increasing the values of independent variables
increasing the accuracy of prediction
multiplying correlation coefficients
making measures more reliable
18
The expected value of t under the null hypothesis _____
equals 1
varies depending on the alpha level
equals 0
depends on the degrees of freedom
19
Which significance level would minimize the probability of a Type I error?
.10
.25
.05
.01
20
What does a Solomon four-group design assess?
The significance of a simple factorial design
The impact of IVs under highly controlled settings
The limits of external validity of a study
The impact of taking the pretest
21
A regression equation is used to
predict a score for Y from a known score of X
predict the difference between the scores of X and Y
determine the causal relationship between X and Y
determine the strength of the relationship between X and Y
22
How does restricting the range of a variable affect the correlation coefficient?
It improves the correlation coefficient
It changes the direction of the correlation coefficient
It has no effect on the correlation coefficient
It reduces the magnitude of the correlation coefficient
23
An appropriate measure of central tendency to summarize data on an ordinal scale?
median
meridian
mode
mean
24
What refers to external validity?
Adequacy of the experimental design
Effectiveness of the manipulation of the IV
Generalizability of the research findings
Practical application of the research findings
25
The use of different procedures to replicate a research finding is called _____ replication.
procedural
abstract
conceptual
exact
26
The "Mozart effect" provides an interesting example of the importance of _____
meta-analysis
statistical interactions
replications
interactions
27
The sampling distribution is based on the assumption that the _____ hypothesis is _____.
research; confounded
research; true
null; true
null; false
28
A failure to replicate could mean that the:
experimenter is unbiased
replication attempt is flawless
research findings are generalizable
original results are invalid.
29
Which of the following in a study is most likely to produce better external validity?
Including only male subjects
Using a random sample
Having a single experimenter
Employing nonequivalent groups
30
An interval scale is preferable to an ordinal scale because:
it rank orders individuals on some characteristic
it allows the measurement of individual differences
it has an absolute zero point
it allows for more sophisticated statistical treatments
31
A _____ uses bars to display a frequency distribution for a quantitative variable.
pie chart
bar graph
histogram
polygon
32
A one-tailed statistical test is used when:
the data are from a ratio scale
no prediction on the direction of difference between groups
the data are from an ordinal scale
prediction on the direction of difference between groups
33
Which statistical measure indicates the average deviation of scores from the mean?
standard deviation
Linearity deviation
median
central tendency
34
The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient:
is used when both variables are ordinal or nominal scales
does not indicate the direction of a relationship
provides information about the strength of a relationship
is called a Pearson c
35
A correlation coefficient can be used when both variables use:
nominal scale properties
interval or ratio scale properties
ordinal and interval scale properties
different scales of measurement
36
Which of the following statements is true about ratio scales?
They have an absolute zero point.
They exhibit minimal quantitative distinctions
They do not have equal intervals.
They are typically used to measure personality traits.

Research Methods - Ch. 12-14 Flashcards | StudBud