Which observation is not part of the theory of natural selection?

All species are descended from a common ancestor

Which example describes microevolution?

Beetles evolved resistance to chemical pesticides

Why can evolution in fruit flies be more easily observed than evolution in population of birds?

Fruit flies have a shorter generation time

How do scientists define the term "theory"?

an explanation of findings supported by repeated testing

Which observation was most influential to Charles Darwin?

the slight differences between organisms inhabiting nearby islands

Which example relates to biological evolution?

A moth is the same color as the tree bark it rests upon

Which situation may result from genetically modifying foods?

rice that allows greater synthesis of vitamin A

Why are bat wings homologous to the front legs of cats?

The common ancestor of bats & cats contained a similar bone structure

Why is the Linnaen classification system based on physical traits still useful today?

it is based on shared traits & infers evolutionary relation

occurs as a result of differences in reproductive fitness

What prevents mules from producing offspring?

chromosomes cannot pair correctly during meiosis

What causes the reproductive isolation that can lead to speciation?

Group members cannot produce fertile offspring wit other groups

How do fossils support the theory of common descent?

provide a record of some intermediate organisms & evolutionary process

In a population, which individuals are most likely to survive & reproduce?

individuals who are best adapted to the enviropnment

Why is common descent considered a scientific theory?

Overwhelming evidence supports it from many areas of biology

What is suggested by the hypothesis of punctuated equilibrium?

short periods of dramatic evolutionary change, followed by long static time

How did the geologist Charles Lyell influence Darwin?

Suggested that slow gradual changes shaped features of Earth

Why would person's health continue to decline after taking multi rounds of antibiotic for strep

some bacteria were resistant to antibiotics & those multiply

What is the function of tRNA molecule during translation?

they carry amino acids to the ribosome

What is the molecular clock?

rate at which mutations accumulate in DNA within a species

Why would intelligent design NOT be considered a scientific explanation for the origin of living things?

supernatural causes cannot be tested with experiments

Which plant is the most fit?

a plant with traits suited to the environment

Why are the sterile transgenic salmon of concern for local streams?

transgenic salmon may reproduce with wild species & disrupt the food web

What process resulted in a dramatic increase in milk production in modern dairy cows?

the use of recombinant bovine growth hormone

Why aren't antibiotics used against the common cold?

colds are caused by virus which not affected by antibiotics

What bacterial variant would be most likely to survive in the human digestive system?

a variant with coating resistant to an acidic environment

Why might crop plants be genetically modified?

to increase shelf life in the grocery store

Which is an example of gene therapy?

injecting a cystic fibrosis patient with a working copy of CF gene

What possible harmful environmental effects are of concern regarding GM crops?

the transfer of genetically modified genes to weedy relatives

Which description would be considered a scientific theory like the theory of evolution

a theory about why an apple falls to the ground when dropped

total of alleles found in all individuals of a species

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Bio110 F19 10-13 Review

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Questions 70

Answers

1
Which observation is not part of the theory of natural selection?
Individuals in a population vary
Populations produce more offspring than environment supports
some variation can be passed on to offspring
All species are descended from a common ancestor
2
Which example describes microevolution?
Land birds evolved from freshwater green algae
Beetles evolved resistance to chemical pesticides
Wolves and dogs evolved from a common ancestetr
Birds evolved from small dinosaurs
3
What situation results from postfertilization barrier to reproduction?
gamete incompatability
mechanical isolation of the species
mutations in genes that control development
offspring that fail to develop
4
Why can evolution in fruit flies be more easily observed than evolution in population of birds?
Birds feed only on worms
Fruit flies have a shorter generation time
Bird's eggs are more vulnerable
Fruit flies have a higher mutation rate
5
How do scientists define the term "theory"?
an explanation of findings supported by repeated testing
a hypothesis that has not been tested
someone's best guess as to what will happen
proven facts that never change
6
Which observation was most influential to Charles Darwin?
the similarity between organisms of South America & organisms of Europe
the difference between organisms of South America & organisms of Europe
the slight differences between organisms inhabiting nearby islands
the wide variety of living things in South America
7
Which example relates to biological evolution?
A tree branch is broken off & another grows in its place
A moth is the same color as the tree bark it rests upon
The position of rocklayers are changed by volcanic eruption
The average woman's dress size has increased over last 50yrs
8
Which situation may result from genetically modifying foods?
a tomato that tastes like a melon
rice that allows greater synthesis of vitamin A
lettuce that requires water to grow
calorie-free potato chips
9
Why are bat wings homologous to the front legs of cats?
Bat wings contain different molecular structures than cat legs
Bat & cats both developed from a bird-like ancestor
The common ancestor of bats & cats had limbs that functioned as wings
The common ancestor of bats & cats contained a similar bone structure
10
Why is the Linnaen classification system based on physical traits still useful today?
relies on Latin names that make the most sense to biologists
it is the simplest; others are more complicated
it is based on shared traits & infers evolutionary relation
includes all organisms found on Earth
11
What is evolution?
process that occurred only in the past
occurs as a result of differences in reproductive fitness
process constantly occurring at same rate in all organisms
a rare event
12
What is the main mechanism that results in evolution?
recessive genes
variance
natural selection
geological changes
13
What prevents mules from producing offspring?
chromosomes cannot pair correctly during meiosis
mules have incompatible sex organs
all mules are males
embryos die early in development
14
What causes the reproductive isolation that can lead to speciation?
Large populations have great variations in chromosomal groups
Group members cannot produce fertile offspring wit other groups
All group members have unique alleles for reproduction
Members of one group don't want to mate with other groups
15
Which structure always contains 3 nucleotides?
mRNA
an anticodon
tRNA
ribosome
16
What term describes all the genes in an organism?
genetic code
reading frame
genome
palindrome
17
Which vestigial structure in humans shows evolutionary connection to other primates/mammals
tailbone
opposable thumb
upright posture
lack of body hair
18
Which taxonomic level would contain members that are the most similar?
phylum
genus
family
kingdom
19
How do fossils support the theory of common descent?
found all over world & answers questions about biogeography
can be easily & precisely dated by comparing rock layers
provide a record of some intermediate organisms & evolutionary process
contain complete DNA genome & compared with modern organisms
20
In a population, which individuals are most likely to survive & reproduce?
the largest individuals in the group
the individuals who can grow the most rapidly
individuals who are best adapted to the enviropnment
the individuals who can catch the most prey
21
Why is common descent considered a scientific theory?
It's the only idea about life on Earth that can be tested
It's an idea from more than 100 yrs ago, not a modern idea
Scientists are reasonably sure it's true but little evidence
Overwhelming evidence supports it from many areas of biology
22
What type of bond forms between amino acids in growing peptide chain?
peptide
ionic
hydrogen
triple
23
What traits increase fitness in a particular environment?
polygeneics
adaptations
cloning
habit
24
What is suggested by the hypothesis of punctuated equilibrium?
gradual & steady change in life on Earth
short periods of dramatic evolutionary change, followed by long static time
no change in life on Earth
life on Earth changes dramatically all of the time
25
Which molecule serves as a template during translation?
tRNA
DNA
polymerase
mRNA
26
How did the geologist Charles Lyell influence Darwin?
Provided evidence that Earth was only about 10,000 yrs old
Proposed theory about how small islands were formed
Suggested that slow gradual changes shaped features of Earth
Charted currents found off Pacific coast of South America
27
What process produces a complementary RNA sequence from a DNA sequence template?
mutation
replication
translation
transcription
28
What geographic conditions of the Galapagos Islands affected the diversity of organisms observed by Darwin?
there are no mammals on the island
the islands are in the Pacific
the islands are very dry
the islands are in a chain
29
What type of evidence for the theory of common descent would include the nonfunctional wings of an ostrich?
shared developmental pathways
homologous structures
DNA similarity
vestigial structures
30
Which event would result in the development of a large number of fossils?
a drought
an earthquake
a fire
a volcano
31
Fields of science that support theory of evolution include geology, molecular biology& genetics
False
True
32
Why would person's health continue to decline after taking multi rounds of antibiotic for strep
tolerance for antibiotics over time, making them ineffective
bacteria were infected by a virus not killed by antibiotics
some bacteria were resistant to antibiotics & those multiply
each individual bacterial cell has evolved resistance
33
What is the function of tRNA molecule during translation?
they unzip double-stranded mRNA
they serve as the starting point for RNA polymerase
they carry amino acids to the ribosome
they encode the instructions for protein synthesis
34
What is the molecular clock?
rate at which mutations accumulate in DNA within a species
rate at which new species diverge from ancestral species
rate at which new discoveries are made about gene homology
rate which structures no longer needed become insignificant
35
Which molecule serves as the template during transcription?
DNA
tRNA
mRNA
polymerase
36
What are the building blocks of DNA?
polysaccharides
amino acids
nucleotides
fatty acid chains
37
Why would intelligent design NOT be considered a scientific explanation for the origin of living things?
a community of scientists where not consulted for the explanation
supernatural causes cannot be tested with experiments
record to support intelligent design have been destroyed by extreme weather
intelligent design was not proposed by laboratory scientists
38
Which example is an evolutionary adaptation?
webbed feat on a duck
an apple tree grafted with a pear tree branch
clipped ears on a dog to prevent ear infection
immunity to a virus caused by vaccination
39
Which plant is the most fit?
a plant with deep roots
a plant with large leaves
a plant with large flowers
a plant with traits suited to the environment
40
Why are the sterile transgenic salmon of concern for local streams?
transgenic salmon may spread cancer-causing genes in the fish population
transgenic salmon may reproduce with wild species & disrupt the food web
transgenic salmon may cause excess growth of algae
transgenic salmon may introduce resistant bacteria to the ecosystem
41
What process resulted in a dramatic increase in milk production in modern dairy cows?
the use of recombinant bovine growth hormone
frameshift mutations in the DNA of the cows
the use of gene gun to insert new genes into cows milk gland
the insertion of beta carotene in the cow genome
42
Why aren't antibiotics used against the common cold?
antibiotics only effective taken immediately post infection
antibiotics only active against infection in blood not lungs
colds are caused by virus which not affected by antibiotics
cold viruses have already evolved resistance to antibiotics
43
What bacterial variant would be most likely to survive in the human digestive system?
a variant that reproduces slowly
a variant with coating resistant to an acidic environment
a variant that thrives at temperatures close to 100°
a variant that easily attaches to hard surfaces
44
What undifferentiated cells are used in therapeutic cloning?
somatic cells
transgenic cells
plasmid cells
stem cells
45
Why might crop plants be genetically modified?
to reduce the amount of fat in the plant
to decrease pesticide resistance in plants
to increase shelf life in the grocery store
to produce new strains of wild crop species
46
Which food item is least likely to contain genetically modified plant materials?
a fiber bar
soy flour
corn chips
a head of lettuce
47
Which is an example of gene therapy?
injecting human factor VIII protein into hemophiliacs with a defective gene
providing therapeutic drugs to a patient experiencing high blood pressure
replacing a failing heart with a new heart from a genetically matched donor
injecting a cystic fibrosis patient with a working copy of CF gene
48
What possible harmful environmental effects are of concern regarding GM crops?
the transfer of genetically modified genes to weedy relatives
decreased use of herbicides when GM crops are herbicide-resistant
the reduction of genetic diversity in all crops
an increase in allergic reactions in sensitive humans
49
Which description would be considered a scientific theory like the theory of evolution
a theory about which of your friends is source of your cold
a theory about why blue is your favorite color
a theory about why your neighbor has the nicest car
a theory about why an apple falls to the ground when dropped
50
What is a gene pool?
entire group of genes present in an organism
hereditary information required for making proteins
spread of an allele throughout a species' genetic line
total of alleles found in all individuals of a species
51
What causes the disease tuberculosis?
exposure to polluted air
a particular type of bacteria
a particular type of virus
genetics
52
When genes are initially copied (in transcription), what form does the resulting copy take?
a complementary strand of DNA
strand of mRNA
palindrome
molecule of tRNA
53
What body part is primarily affected by tuberculosis?
eye
stomach
lung
skin
54
What molecule does a DNA sequence code for?
nitrogenous base
monosaccharide
protein
fat
55
Which nitrogenous base pairs with guanine in a DNA molecule?
cytosine
thymine
adenine
uracil
56
What is an allele?
a gene that has been changed by natural selection
a trait that has been influenced by artificial selection
a particular version of a gene
a gene that hasn't changed over time
57
What macroevolutionary concept is considered controversial by some people?
concept of species subdivided into separate populations
the common descent of all organisms from one ancestral cell
the appearance of new traits in existing populations
the concept that genes can vary spontaneously
58
Can bacterial resistance to antibiotics be prevented?
Yes: If we stop using antibiotics, the trait will disapear
No: Bacteria need to become resistant to anything that will kill them
Yes: If we give antibiotics properly, resistance will go away & not evolve
No: However, by using antibiotics properly, we can slow its development
59
What is the evolutionary origin of light skin in humans?
Light skin evolved several times in areas where there was no malaria
Light skin evolved as an adaptation that decreased folate levels in humans
Light skin evolved several times in response to high UV light levels
Light skin evolved several times in response to low UV light levels
60
How is tuberculosis transmitted?
by sneezes
by contaminated food
by sexual contact
by infected blood products
61
What comparisons could be made for 2 populations of hyena considered to be different subspecies?
Their mating behavior would be quite different
They could produce fertile offspring together
One group would be much larger than the other group
They would have different diets
62
A substitution mutation incorporates a different amino acid into a protein. This would result in
the same protein with no change in function
a nonfunctional protein with a different shape
an incomplete protein with normal functions
two proteins produced instead of one
63
Which taxonomic groupings are in order from broadest to most narrow?
phylum, kingdom, genus
family, order, class
kingdom, species, genus
class, family, species
64
Some bears have much darker coat color than other bears. Is this darker color an adaptation?
yes, all variations are adaptations in a specific population
trait is only adaptation if it gives advantage in their habitat
The coat color of the dark bears' parents must 1st be known
no adaptations are traits developed only to benefit survival
65
About how long have modern humans existed?
25,000,000 years
25,000 years
2,500,000 years
250,000 years
66
What sequence of molecules are used during protein synthesis?
RNA → DNA→ Protein
DNA → RNA→ Protein
Protein → RNA→ DNA
RNA → Protein→ DNA
67
To observe how pesticide affects natural selection in a rat population, how much pesticide should be used?
enough to kill most, but not all rats
just enough so the rats will be exposed but not killed
enough to kill the weakest 1% of the rats
enough to kill all the rats
68
What type of bond forms between amino acids during translation?
hydrogen
ionic
peptide
triple
69
Which disease could be successfully treated by gene therapy?
a disease caused by excess fat intake
a disease caused by a nonfunctional enzyme in the body
a cancer caused by uncontrolled cell division
a disease caused by a bacterial infection
70
No alleles specific to a particular race have been discovered
false
true

Bio110 F19 10-13 Review Flashcards | StudBud