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Biology EOC Review
Biology EOC Review
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1
Which set of characteristics is attributed to the most modern group of hominids?
bipedal, large brain, small jaw
arboreal, small brain, large jaw
arboreal, large brain, small jaw
bipedal, small brain, large jaw
2
Which of the structures of the brain is located at the bottom of the brain?
corpus callosum
temporal lobe
occipital lobe
medulla oblongata
3
Letter C represents
the stroma
a granum
a thylakoid
the chloroplast
4
What is the function of tRNA in translation?
carry genetic code from the nucleus
attach amino acids together
copy the DNA in the nucleus
carry amino acids to ribosome
5
Which of these describes a benefit of crossing over?
genetic information replicates
homologous chromosomes separate
genetic variation increases
cells begin to divide
6
Which statement supports the theory of evolution?
some animals have become domesticated by humans
fossils on the coast of S.America and Africa are the same
fossils of aquatic species are found in mountains
brains of different mammal species show similar traits
7
What did Hooke contribute to cell theory?
said all plants were made of cells
said all animals were made of cells
made the first observation of a cell
stated new cells came from old cells
8
Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?
hydrogen
oxygen
carbon dioxide
nitrogen
9
Which type of natural selection is this population experiencing?
directional
evolutionary
disruptive
stabilizing
10
Which characteristic was the first to appear as hominids diverged from a common ancestor?
appearance of body hair
hunting in groups
walking upright
ability to make tools
11
What do the arrows in a food chain indicate?
flow of energy
number of organisms
amount of biomass
size of organisms
12
Which pathogen can be treated effectively with antibiotics?
bacteria
viruses
protists
fungi
13
Which of these is a difference between mitosis and meiosis?
homologous chromosomes exchange info only during meiosis
chromosomes condense only during meiosis
haploid cells are produced only after mitosis
DNA replication takes place only before mitosis
14
A mutation in which molecule would result in genetic variation?
nucleic acid
lipid
carbohydrate
protein
15
When organisms move out of a population, this is called
k selection
carrying capacity
immigration
emigration
16
Which two macromolecules are used as the primary source of energy for cellular processes?
proteins and lipids
lipids and carbohydrates
carbohydrates and nucleic acids
nucleic acids and protein
17
What effect can bottleneck events have on populations that have nearly become extinct?
no impact
increased gene flow and diversity
reduce population size and reduce variation
can lead to founder effects and high diversity
18
Brown eyes are dominant over blue. What is the chance of a blue eyed F1 from parents Bb and bb?
75%
100%
50%
25%
19
In addition to light, which two substances are required for the start of photosynthesis?
water and carbon dioxide
sugar and oxygen
water and oxygen
sugar and carbon dioxide
20
Provide the matching side to this DNA molecule: AATCG
AATCG
UUAGC
TTAGC
TTUGC
21
Which piece of technology was critical to the development of cell theory?
bunsen burner
balance
telescope
microscope
22
Which structure in both plant and animal cells converts glucose to ATP?
mitochondria
chloroplast
smooth er
cell membrane
23
During which part of the cell cycle does the cell experience the most growth?
A
B
D
C
24
Which trait is shared by the amphibians and fish?
bipedal
amniotic egg
tetrapod
vertebrae
25
How many males are in the second generation?
4
3
2
1
26
Which of the following is an autotroph?
leopard
mushroom
gazelle
tree
27
Which macromolecule is represented?
nucleic acid
lipid
protein
carbohydrate
28
What must be present in order for natural selection to occur in a population?
unlimited resources
adaptation
variation
ability to choose traits
29
Why must DNA strands be unzipped prior to replication?
to separate homologous pairs
to expose the sequence of bases
to allow DNA to form a double helix
to shorten and thicken chromosomes
30
Dog breeds are an example of
natural selection
artificial selection
adaptations
predation
31
Which of the following is required for active transport?
storage vacuole
water
ADP
energy
32
What cellular process directly allows new skin cells to form in a human?
meiosis
mitosis
pollination
fertilization
33
What is taking place in this cell?
cytokinesis - plant
prophase
metaphase
cytokinesis - animal
34
Which of these will result from meiosis?
two genetically different haploid cells
four genetically identical diploid cells
four genetically different haploid cells
two genetically identical diploid cells
35
Mutations within a DNA sequence are
unnatural processes that affect the phenotype
unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
natural processes that always affect phenotypes
natural processes that produce genetic diversity
36
The first (or lowest) trophic level refers to
sunlight
all herbivores
all animals
all producers
37
Each parent gives one sex chromosome to their offspring. Whose chromosome determines the sex?
mother
grandfather
father
grandmother
38
According to most current theories of origins of life, where did life most likely form first?
atmosphere
oceans
desert
swamps
39
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy within a food web?
food chain
food pyramid
trophic level
energy path
40
What is the function of a lysosome?
makes proteins
removing waste/old organelles
creates ATP
regulate the activity of the cell
41
Breaking bonds between which letters releases energy stored in this molecule?
C and D
A and D
B and C
A and B
42
According to the chart, the amount of cytosine in humans should be
28.8
19.9
13.4
29.4
43
Which part of the brain is represented by the red color?
occipital lobe
pituitary gland
cerebellum
pons
44
Which process reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid?
budding
meiosis
binary fission
fertilization
45
One of the main functions of a stem is to
carry out photosythesis
transport substances between roots and leaves
store water
store carbohydrates
46
Which process differentiates meiosis from mitosis?
a new cell forms
DNA replication occurs
crossing over occurs
the cytoplasm divides
47
What is the name of the second stage of cellular respiration?
electron transport chain
calvin cycle
kreb's cycle
glycolysis
48
Which of these could result from cancer?
specialization would occur in cells
cells would grow unregulated into a tumor
membranes would detach from cells
cells would be too small to function properly
49
The black and white feathers in the offspring is an example of
incomplete dominance
multiple alleles
codominance
pure dominance
50
What is the name for alternate forms of a gene?
phenotype
genotype
diploid cells
alleles
51
Which property of water allows it to carry a wide variety of chemicals through the body?
surface tension
neutral pH
high heat capacity
universal solvent
52
During which part of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
C
B
D
A
53
What part of cell division is represented here?
telophase
metaphase
prophase
anaphase
54
Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of he following processes EXCEPT
decomposition
photosynthesis
burning fossil fuels
transpiration
55
Which of these enters a food chain as an energy storage molecule produced by photosynthesis?
methane
carbon dioxide
water
glucose
56
Which is a type of passive transport?
endocytosis
protein pumps
exocytosis
osmosis
57
Which of these could cause an increase in blood pressure?
exercising regularly
thickening of artery walls
eating a healthy diet
relaxing of heart muscle
58
Similar bone structure between different species supports what type of evidence for evolution?
fossil
biogeography
DNA
comparative anatomy
59
Which human impact would NOT cause a loss of biodiversity?
deforestation
introducing an invasive species
preserving a rainforest
burning of fossil fuels
60
Which of these characteristics is NOT a property of water?
increased density as a solid
moderates changes in temperature
exhibits high cohesion
functions as a universal solvent
61
Which type of macromolecule is represented?
lipid
protein
nucleic acid
carbohydrate
62
Some ecosystems can only support a certain number of organisms. This is called
overproduction
carrying capacity
community
scavenger boundary
63
Which property of water helps regulate temperature on Earth?
polarity
expansion upon freezing
heat capacity
surface tension
64
What cellular process is taking place here?
osmosis
endocytosis
exocytosis
cell division
65
Which geologic feature contributes the most carbon to the atmosphere?
volcanoes
oceans
deserts
glaciers
66
Which cellular process takes place here?
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
osmosis
DNA replication
67
Which property of water allows the formation of water into drops?
universal solvent
neutral pH
expansion
cohesion
68
Which of the following is NOT a universal base of DNA found in almost all organisms?
guanine
cytosine
uracil
adenine
69
Which types of organisms developed first due to early environmental conditions on Earth?
prokaryotic and aerobic
eukaryotic and aerobic
eukaryotic and anaerobic
prokaryotic and anaerobic
70
Which correctly pairs a plant structure with its function?
leaves capture water for photosynthesis
flowers produce energy for seeds to develop
stems allow for plant movement
roots anchor plants to substrates
71
Which scientist advanced a theory of evolution based on natural selection?
Gregor Mendel
James Watson and Francis Crick
Charles Darwin
Robert Hooke
72
If the algae produced 50,000 cal of energy, how much is available to the sea lion?
5,000
50
500
50,000
73
What bonds are broken to unzip the DNA strands during replication?
hydrogen bonds between bases and phosphates
hydrogen bonds between bases
covalent bonds between sugar and phosphate
covalent bonds between sugars
74
Why are the leaves of plants broad and flat?
to prevent water loss from transpiration
capture light for photosynthesis
to transport nutrients through the plant
to obtain energy by breaking down glucose
75
Which color represents the parietal lobe?
green
blue
orange
pink
76
Which statement regarding whale evolution is supported by the diagram?
modern whales have large hind leg bones
whales evolved from animals with two pairs of legs
whales evolved before animals with two pairs of legs
ancient whales had larger brains
77
Which pair of structures can be found in a prokaryotic cell?
nucleus and chloroplast
lysosome and cell wall
ribosome and cell membrane
mitochondria and vacuole
78
What statement explains the role of RNA in protein synthesis?
RNA assembles sugars from proteins
RNA converts sunlight into energy
RNA uses DNA to perform cellular respiration
RNA reads DNA to build proteins
79
Which process takes place in the stroma?
light reactions
kreb's cycle
calvin cycle
glycolysis
80
During aerobic respiration, which molecule is needed?
glucose
oxygen
carbon dioxide
water
81
Which step of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
kreb's cycle
electron transport chain
fermentation
glycolysis
82
Which of the following are only characteristic to the plant kingdom?
autotroph, prokaryotic, cell wall
autotroph, eukaryotic, no cell wall
autrotrophs, eukaryotic, cell wall
autotroph, prokaryotic, no cell wall
83
Which part of cell division is represented here?
metaphase
telophase
prophase
anaphase
84
In human reproduction, what is the purpose of the fallopian tubes?
producing egg cells
removing unfertilized eggs from the body
transporting the egg to the uterus
providing nourishment to the fertilized egg
85
Where is ATP produced in the cell?
nucleus
golgi bodies
mitochondria
ribosomes
86
Which of the following is NOT an example of a density dependent limiting factor?
predators
disease
parasites
natural disasters
87
When red and white carnations are crossed, the offspring are pink. This is
multiple alleles
dominant alleles
incomplete dominance
codominance
88
Pelvic bones in whales are examples of
vestigial structures
homologous structures
adaptations
analogous structures
89
What function is performed by a macromolecule made up of nucleotides?
function as enzymes
store genetic information
insulation
provide energy
90
What are the products of celllular respiration?
oxygen and energy
carbon dioxide and oxygen
glucose and water
carbon dioxide and water
91
What is the name of the family of proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle?
steroids
catalysts
amino acids
cyclins
92
Which statement best explains how the genetic code is universal?
Nucleotide ratios are different between species
DNA sequences are unique for each species
a genetic sequence codes for the same proteins
The shape of DNA molecules is the same in different species
93
What structure in the male reproductive system regulates temperature during sperm production?
penis
prostate
scrotum
testes
94
Which of the following is a consequence of genetic drift?
decreased biodiversity
more alleles in a population
increased variation
less mating among individuals
95
Which of the following characteristics defines a cell as eukaryotic?
being able to reproduce
having a nucleus
being able to move
having ribosomes
96
Which scientist was the first to describe the principles of dominance and segregation?
Linnaeus
Watson
Mendel
Darwin
97
Which characteristic develops in skulls over time?
prominent brow ridge
larger teeth
smaller jaw bone
smaller volume
98
What is the subunit of a protein?
nucleotide
nucleic acid
peptide bond
amino acid
99
Organisms that have identical alleles for a trait are said to be
heterozygous
homozygous
dominant
hybrid
100
The independent variable in an experiment is one that
stays the same
you change
will never change
changes in response to the experiment
