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Earth Science Chapter 12 and 13 Flashcards | StudBud
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Earth Science Chapter 12 and 13
Earth Science Chapter 12 and 13
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1
Which era spans the least amount of time on the geologic time scale?
Precambrian
cenozoic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
2
Cyanobacteria obtain their energy through
phagocytosis
photosynthesis
their cellulose walls
absorption of nutrients
3
What structure allow gymosperms and angiosperms to be the most common plants on earth?
seeds
leaves
roots
stems
4
In any undisturbed sequence of rocks deposited in layers
principal of superposition
index fossil
law of inclusion
mold
5
The longest subdivision in geologic time is a(n)
eon
epoch
century
period
6
During radioactivity decay,
The half life of parent material gets longer
The amount of parent material increases
The amount of daughter material increases
7
Stromatolites are...
Fossilized coral.
Calcareous mounds of cyanobacteria.
A result of a military experiment.
Build up of nutrients around hydrothermal vents.
8
What can you say about the age of a fault in the rocks?
It is the same age as the rocks it cuts across.
It is older than some of the rocks but younger than others.
It is younger than the rocks that it cuts across.
It is older than the rocks that it cuts across.
9
How old is the Earth?
11.7 billion years old
4.5 billion years old
1000,000,000 million years old
44 billion years old
10
What is the law of inclusions?
the bottom layer of rocks are older than the top layers
Rock inside other rock is OLDER than the rock surrounding it
A crosscutting layer is NEWER than the layers it cuts across
Rock inside other rock is NEWER than the rock surrounding it
11
Humans first appeared during the ____ Period.
Quaternary
Tertiary
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
12
How are layers deposited according to the principle of original horizontality?
Diagonally
Horizontally
Vertically
Disproportionately
13
What is radioactivity?
stable nuclei decay overtime, release particles& energy
contamination of organisms and minerals
unstable nuclei decay overtime, release particles& energy
Another form of magnetism
14
All mammals have hair. Its main function is to....
protect the body from an attack
Protect the body from rugged terrain
regulate body temperature by insulating the body
Reduce friction
15
Uniformitarianism
Geologic process that operate today also operated in the past
Geologic processes are completely different now from the past
Process that breaks down rock and other substances
Geologic processes aren't even real
16
In what type of rocks are most fossils found
sedimentary rocks
metamorphic rocks
igneous rocks
granite and marble
17
Correlation is....
matching up rock layers at different locations
lining up a geologist to help you
arranging rocks by relative age
putting together a puzzle
18
Which of the following is true about stromatolites?
They are layered mounds of deposits made by Precambrian algae.
Ancient eukaryotes are collectively called stromatolites.
All rocks from Precambrian time are referred to as stromatolotes.
They are tiny plants that survived through Precambrian time.
19
Which of the following is important if an organism is to become a fossil?
slow burial and hard parts
rapid burial and hard parts
slow burial and soft parts
rapid burial and soft parts
20
Geologists organized the geologic time scale based on _____.
Rock record
Evenly spaced time segments
Rock and fossil record
Fossil record
21
What is one of the key principles of relative dating?
The Law of Superposition
The Law of Rock Rating
The Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships.
The Principle of Original Horizontality
22
What percent of Earth’s history occurred in the Precambrian Era?
88%
45%
66%
50%
23
Why are index fossils important?
They are worth a lot of money.
They are only of dinosaurs.
They are very rare.
They provide evidence on the age of the rocks.
24
What did cyanobacteria do at that time??
reduced oxygen and incresased carbon dioxide
reduced carbon dioxide and increased oxygen
increased water vapour
decreased hydrogen contained in the air
25
What kind of unconformity is this?
Disconformity
Nonconformity
Angular Unconformity
26
Which of the following lists the units of Geologic time in order from longest to shortest?
eon, era, period, epoch
eon, era, epoch, period
epoch, period, era, eon
27
What is NOT true of an index fossil?
The organism lived for a short period of time in history.
They were abundant (there were many of them).
They are very difficult to identify.
The organism lived in many different places.
28
Earth's history has been divided into time units by paleontologists based on
continental drift.
life forms that continue to live today.
plate tectonics.
life forms that lived only during certain periods.
29
What development caused the emergence of animals that were grazing herbivores?
fruits
seed plants
carnivorous mammals
grasses
30
What are Pterosaurs more closely related to?
reptiles?
Mammals?
Fish?
Birds?
31
How does a scientist use relative dating?
using radioactive isotopes to determine the age of rocks.
placing rocks in order from youngest to oldest.
classifying rocks as sedimentary
determining the composition of rocks
32
Definition of FOSSILS
preserved remains/traces of organisms that lived the passed
Hard part of organisms that's been turned into a fossil
Traces of organisms that have been preserved into a fossil
33
The era known as the Age of Reptiles was the
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Cenozoic
34
Laws of Superposition and original horizontality are best applied to...
sedimentary rocks
all rocks
metamorphic rocks
35
Isotopes of an element contain different numbers of
electrons
protons
neutrons
nuclides
36
Uniformitarianism
Geologic processes aren't even real
Geologic processes are completely different now from the past
Geologic process that operate today also operated in the past
Process that breaks down rock and other substances
