The scientific revolution of the 17th century had effects far beyond pure science because it

Changed ideas of religion and of God and man

All of the following are true about “elite” and “popular” culture EXCEPT

popular culture was predominately written or printed

All of the following are true of carnivals of the 17th-18th century except

it went on for weeks preceding Christmas

The most astonishing scientific revolution of the 17th century

Took place in physics and astronomy

Which choice does NOT match the beliefs of the Enlightenment?

deductive reasoning is the source of all knowledge on earth

John Kepler’s laws of planetary motion

Showed that the planets orbited the sun in elliptical orbits

The Scientific Revolution led to each of the following except which?

view of a world that is chaotic and lacked reason

The Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 saw these new realignments of traditional relationships

England/ Prussia vs. France/ Austria

The witch trials in Europe began to stop occurring as

more and more people began to doubt superstition

Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes, both prophets of the new science, did all of these except

start with general law from which they deduce new ideas

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APEH - Scientific, Philosophical and Political Developments

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Questions 30

Answers

1
The scientific revolution of the 17th century had effects far beyond pure science because it
Reduced man to an insignificant role in the universe
Laid a foundation for belief in absolutist institutions
Changed ideas of religion and of God and man
Demonstrated that the universe may lack order and harmony
2
All of the following are true about “elite” and “popular” culture EXCEPT
those in popular culture could not share in the culture of the elites
elite culture was expressed in nat'l language, pop culture in local speech
members of the elite culture could share at will in the popular culture
popular culture was predominately written or printed
3
Who famously used universal laws to explain optics, gravity, and motion?
Galileo Galilei
Johannes Kepler
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Isaac Newton
4
Which country was the center of the Enlightenment?
Germany
Italy
England
France
5
For Europeans, the success of the American Revolution was a powerful factor in promoting
A rising confidence in self-government
All of these
The French Revolution
Constitutionalism
6
All of the following are true of carnivals of the 17th-18th century except
A theme of carnivals was "the world turned upside down"
Men and women put on each other's clothing
It was a time for defying custom.
it went on for weeks preceding Christmas
7
The image of God as divine watchmaker is associated with
Huguenots
Deists
Catholics
Jews
8
The most astonishing scientific revolution of the 17^th century
Took place in physics and astronomy
Took place in anatomy and physiology
Occurred in bacteriology
Occurred in botany
9
The kingdom of Poland was divided between all of the following EXCEPT
France
Austria
Russia
Prussia
10
In the inductive method of inquiry, we proceed from the
Abstract to concrete
Particular to the general
Observable to the experimental
Theoretical to empirical
11
Philosophes admired all the following EXCEPT
mercantilism
increased religious toleration
idea of progress
use of reason
12
He edited a collection of essays about the many branches of human knowledge that shook Europe
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Denis Diderot
Cesare Beccaria
Immanuel Kant
13
Which philosophe could also be called a physiocrat?
Denis Diderot
Voltaire
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Adam Smith
14
Which choice does NOT match the beliefs of the Enlightenment?
Reason and rational thought is key to develop knowledge
universal and natural laws are present in the world
deductive reasoning is the source of all knowledge on earth
Liberty is something that should be protected
15
John Kepler’s laws of planetary motion
Showed that planets orbited the sun in circular orbits
Destroyed the Copernican theory of the cosmos
Aggravated the conflicts between Tycho Brahe and Copernicus
Showed that the planets orbited the sun in elliptical orbits
16
Who is the BEST example of an enlightened despot?
Peter the Great of Russia
George II of England
Joseph II of Austria
Louis XV of France
17
The Scientific Revolution led to each of the following except which?
view of a world that is chaotic and lacked reason
increased skepticism about religion and past ideas
belief that life would continually improve for humans
belief that the universe could be explained mathematically
18
The "Invisible hand of the market" best describes
fascism
mercantilism
capitalism
socialism
19
Who said "Man is born free and everywhere he is chains?"
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Cesare Beccaria
Mary Wollstonecraft
Voltaire
20
The Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 saw these new realignments of traditional relationships
England/ Russia vs. France/ Austria
England/ Austria vs. Russia/ Prussia
England/ Prussia vs. France/ Austria
England/ Austria vs. France/ Prussia
21
The view of humans as a tabula rasa is usually associated with which of the following thinkers?
Rousseau
Locke
Voltaire
Montesquieu
22
Who started the War of Austrian Succession?
Elizabeth I
Maria Theresa
Peter the Great
Frederick II
23
The Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 was ________.
a division of Europe into east and west
a shift in alliances
the alliance of most of Europe against Austria
a new idea of how alliances could be used
24
This philosopher proposed separation of powers across three branches of government:
Montesquieu
Hobbes
Locke
Voltaire
25
In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes became an advocate for which of the following types of government?
Absolute monarchy
Constitutional monarchy
Democracy
Parliamentary government
26
Which of the following is generally not considering an Enlightened Despot?
Frederick the Great of Prussia
Louis XV of France
Catherine the Great of Russia
Joseph II of Austria
27
The witch trials in Europe began to stop occurring as
the monarchs of Europe decided to stop using torture
more and more people began to doubt superstition
women gained equality in the judicial systems of Europe
Protestant faiths stopped supporting them
28
Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes, both prophets of the new science, did all of these except
Ridiculed the tendency to put faith in ancient books
start with general law from which they deduce new ideas
Brand virtually all beliefs of past generations as worthless
Attacked the earlier methods of seeking knowledge
29
Women played an important role during the Enlightenment by
Declining to participate in any social events
Serving as a major topic of the philosophes
Sponsoring salons
Writing books and political tracts
30
Who is MOST associated with the use of empiricism in supporting the Scientific Method?
Rene Descartes
Francis Bacon
Blaise Pascal
Isaac Newton

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