Humans have produced different dog breeds, larger chickens, faster horses, and large ears of corn which are examples of:

Artificial Selection in a process called selective breeding

Select TWO answers: Which of the following is true about ADAPTATIONS?

Must be passed down from parent to offspring, Increase organisms' ability to survive and reproduce

The finches on the Galapagos Islands have some similar physical characteristics other than their beaks because

they descended from a common ancestor, a mainland South American finch

In 1859, Darwin published his revolutionary scientific ideas in book entitled ______________.

On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection

Earth’s early atmosphere was made of mostly

carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen.

An adaptation is a(n):

inherited structure, feature or behavior that increases chances of survival

According to the cladogram, which is TRUE?

Reptiles and amphibians do not have hair.

The endosymbiotic theory says that eukaryotic cells

came from groups of prokaryotic cells becoming interdependent.

Mass extinctions _______.

allow opportunities for other species to move into new areas

Polygenic traits like height, eye color, and hair color have...

many genotypes and many phenotypes within the population

Which is NOT true about extinction?

Mass extinctions like dinosaurs were due to human activity.

Select THREE answers: A short-neck giraffe living among long-neck giraffes dies. Why?

Natural Selection, Survival of the Fittest, Adaptation

Which of the following is a vestigial structure?

appendix, tailbones, and wisdom teeth in humans

Choose three: The sources of genetic variation include

gene shuffling through sexual reproduction and crossing over, lateral gene transfer (conjugation), mutations

To be useful as an index fossil, a species must have existed for a

short period of time over a wide geographic range.

The picture below represents...

Bell Curve to represent genetic variation in a population

Which of the following did Darwin NOT CONCLUDE based on his trip aboard the H.M.S Beagle?

Species are always perfectly adapted to their environment and never change

The fossil record shows

that most organisms that ever lived on Earth are now gone.

Which of the following statements must be true for a clade to survive?

Speciation must be greater than extinction.

Sexual reproduction contributes to genetic diversity by allowing

two parents to pass along recombined genes.

Choose TWO answers: According to Darwin's Theory of Evolution,

living organisms can change over long periods of time, modern organisms share ancient common ancestors

Through ___________, all species, living or extinct, are linked on a single tree of life.

Descent with Modifications or adaptations

According to Darwin, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have....

features best suited to the their environment

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Questions 84

Answers

1
The basic divisions of the geologic time scale, from larger to smaller, are
eras, eons, and periods.
periods, eons, and eras.
periods, eras, and eons.
eons, eras, and periods.
2
Humans have produced different dog breeds, larger chickens, faster horses, and large ears of corn which are examples of:
Survival of the Fittest which means the fastest and strongest
Adaptations that naturally occur without human intervention
Artificial Selection in a process called selective breeding
Natural Selection in a process called selective breeding
3
Fossilized evidence of Earth's first forms of life would consist of
prokaryotes
invertebrates
vertebrates
eukaryotes
4
When the allele frequencies of a population drastically change by chance, it's referred to as
Gene Pool
Genetic Drift
Mutation
Genetic Change
5
Darwin's mechanism for explaining evolution was called?
fitness
descent with modifications
natural selection
artificial selection
6
A plant evolves a high level of poison and the insect that eats it evolves a defense. This is
punctuated equilibrium.
convergent evolution.
coevolution.
adaptive radiation.
7
Select TWO answers: Which of the following is true about ADAPTATIONS?
Allow organisms to perfectly suit their environment
Must be passed down from parent to offspring
Ensure that only the strongest organisms survive
Increase organisms' ability to survive and reproduce
8
Darwin's Theory of Evolution suggests that.....
extinct species are not related to living species
different species can interbreed
species change over time
animals that look alike are closely related
9
The finches on the Galapagos Islands have some similar physical characteristics other than their beaks because
they evolved the same way.
they can all interbreed.
they all eat the same food.
they descended from a common ancestor, a mainland South American finch
10
The length of time required for half of radioactive atoms to decay is
radioactive date.
period.
relative date.
half-life.
11
The wing of an insect and the wing of an eagle are examples of
Analogous Structures
Homologous Structures
Vestigial Structures
Divergent Evolution
12
In 1859, Darwin published his revolutionary scientific ideas in book entitled ______________.
The Greatest Islands: The Galapagos
Principles of Geography: A Look at Geographical Formations
On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection
Evolution of the United States
13
Earth’s early atmosphere was made of mostly
carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen.
hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide.
oxygen and carbon monoxide.
oxygen and water vapor.
14
An adaptation is a(n):
result of artificial selection where humans control the results
inherited structure, feature or behavior that increases chances of survival
behavioral, reproductive, and geographical isolation
a struggle for existence with limited resources
15
According to the cladogram, which is TRUE?
Reptiles are the oldest group of organisms
Amphibians and cats are most closely related.
All organisms have retractable claws.
Reptiles and amphibians do not have hair.
16
Two separate frog species live in a pond and have different mating songs and therefore do NOT interbreed
Temporal Isolation
Behavioral Isolation
None of these
Geographic Isolation
17
Lyell said that many ____ forces shaped the Earth and those same processes are happening in modern times.
human
geological
population
no
18
The endosymbiotic theory says that eukaryotic cells
can't live with oxygen.
came before prokaryotic cells.
don't have any orgnelles.
came from groups of prokaryotic cells becoming interdependent.
19
Mass extinctions _______.
cause predators to thrive
allow for convergent evolution
changes developmental genes.
allow opportunities for other species to move into new areas
20
Polygenic traits like height, eye color, and hair color have...
only 3 genotypes
none of these
many genotypes and many phenotypes within the population
only 2 phenotypes
21
Which is NOT true about extinction?
Most organisms on Earth are now gone.
Background extinction occurs due to natural selection.
Mass extinctions like dinosaurs were due to human activity.
We are currently in the middle of a 6th mass extinction.
22
The grouping of organisms based on their common descent is called
binomial nomenclature.
derived characters.
evolutionary classification.
traditional classification.
23
Select THREE answers: A short-neck giraffe living among long-neck giraffes dies. Why?
Artificial Selection
Natural Selection
Survival of the Fittest
Adaptation
24
Which of the following is a vestigial structure?
appendix, tailbones, and wisdom teeth in humans
blowholes and fins in whales
scales and eyes in fish
wings on bats versus wings on a honeybee
25
Choose three: The sources of genetic variation include
gene shuffling through sexual reproduction and crossing over
lateral gene transfer (conjugation)
mutations
nonrandom mating
26
A group of red & yellow ladybugs leave the population, fly to an island, start a new population on the island. This is:
the Founder Effect
the Colonizer Effect
the Mass Effect
the Placebo Effect
27
To be useful as an index fossil, a species must have existed for a
short period of time over a wide geographic range.
short period of time over a small geographic range.
long period of time over a wide geographic range.
long period of time over a small geographic range.
28
James Hutton stated that geological processes have shaped Earth and said that Earth __________.
is extremely old
will evolve faster than ever
will not change anymore
is extremely young
29
The picture below represents...
Bell Curve to represent genetic variation in a population
Scatter Plot to represent genetic variation in a population
Pie Graph to represent genetic variation in a population
Line graph to represent genetic variation in a population
30
Which of the following did Darwin NOT CONCLUDE based on his trip aboard the H.M.S Beagle?
Species are always perfectly adapted to their environment and never change
Species Varied Globally
Species Change Over Time
Species Varied Locally
31
When few individuals survive after a disaster leaving only a fraction of the original phenotypes, this is called a
Bottleneck Effect
Population Effect
Mass Effect
Placebo Effect
32
The fossil record shows
a complete record of every organism that ever existed.
that most organisms that ever lived on Earth are now gone.
that only bones and teeth can become fossils.
that fossils forms in all kinds of rock.
33
One scientific hypothesis about the origin of life holds that
RNA existed before DNA.
proteins were the code of life.
as cells evolved, they stopped using RNA entirely.
RNA replaced DNA.
34
In contrast to Linnaean taxonomy, cladistic analysis considers which kind of traits?
genetic characters
derived characters
physical characters
lost characters
35
All the genes within a population of organisms is called a ______________________
Gene Pool
Polygenetic
Genotype
Natural Selection
36
Which of the following statements must be true for a clade to survive?
Extinction must be greater than speciation.
Speciation must be greater than extinction.
Speciation must be less than extinction.
Speciation must not change over time.
37
Sexual reproduction contributes to genetic diversity by allowing
unmixed genes from two parents to be passed to offspring.
a single parent to pass along mixed genes.
a single parent to pass along a full set genes to offspring.
two parents to pass along recombined genes.
38
Several fish species go through no change for a long time, then several species appear in the fossil record. This shows
coevolution.
gradualism.
convergent evolution.
punctuated equilibrium.
39
In Natural Selection, the _____________ "chooses" (selects) the most favorable trait for survival for a population.
environment
speciation
Biologist
breeder
40
Choose TWO answers: According to Darwin's Theory of Evolution,
living organisms can change over long periods of time
an individual can change to better suit its environment
only the strong survive
modern organisms share ancient common ancestors
41
Speciation is an example of
gradualism.
an extinction event.
punctuated equilibrium.
a macroevolutionary pattern.
42
Natural selection directly acts on
mutations
alleles
genotypes
phenotypes
43
The Australian and American flying squirrels are very similar but distantly related. This is most likely due to
gradualism.
convergent evolution.
adaptive radiation.
coevolution.
44
According to the Hardy-Weinberg, a condition for a population to remain in genetic equilibrium includes
A large population
Variations in individuals of a population
Some individuals are better suited to the environment
More individuals are born than the environment can support
45
The ability for an organism to survive conditions and reproduce many offspring is called ___________________.
adaptations
fitness
genes
homologous structures
46
Through ___________, all species, living or extinct, are linked on a single tree of life.
Geological forces
Descent with Modifications or adaptations
Camouflage
Struggle for Existence
47
Embryos of fish, reptiles, birds and humans show we all have ______ at the beginning of life.
gill slits and tailbones
gill slits and scales
gill slits and fur
gill slits and snouts
48
According to Darwin, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have....
characteristics that farmers value
characteristics their parents passed down
features best suited to the their environment
the greatest number of offspring
49
Of the choices: A population in genetic equilibrium will meet the following conditions according to Hardy-Weinberg
mutations
preferential, nonrandom mating
natural selection
no immigration or emigration
50
The U.S. has two skunk species. One species mates in the Fall, the other species mates in Spring. This is an example of:
Temporal Isolation
Reproductive Isolation
Behavioral Isolation
Geographic Isolation
51
Natural selection in which the average phenotypes are selected for and the extremes are selected against is known as
disruptive selection
stabilizing selection
directional selection
a single-gene trait
52
What does the presence of similar DNA sequences in the genes in very different organisms imply?
The organisms do not share a common ancestor.
They are more closely related than they appear.
The genes became the same through mutation.
The genes were produced by different selection pressures.
53
Based on the time in history, Darwin's concept of natural selection could NOT have been influenced by
his observations aboard the HMS Beagle
the knowledge of DNA and its structure.
Lamarck's Theory of Evolution
Hutton, Lyell and Malthus
54
The Galapagos finches are an example of
coevolution.
convergent evolution.
adaptive radiation.
background extinction.
55
Homologous structures, like those in the diagram, provide evidence of
genetic variation and therefore convergent evolution
radiation and therefore divergent evolution
genetics traits and therefore convergent evolution
common ancestry and therefore divergent evolution
56
To compare the relative ages of rocks, scientists use a widespread and easily recognizable
carbon fossil.
radioactive fossil.
index fossil.
sedimentary fossil.
57
In the tortoises, what process produced the three different neck lengths (short, medium, long) that Darwin observed?
Temporal Isolation
Natural Selection
Selective Breeding
Artificial Selection
58
Why is the kingdom “Protista” NOT considered a clade under evolutionary classification?
Protists are the most numerous organisms on earth.
Protists evolved before other organisms.
Protists have several different ancestors, not a single common one.
Protists are all very similar to each other.
59
The divisions of the Geologic Time Scale
are based on major changes in the life on earth.
are based on regular patterns.
are equal amounts of time.
are only based on relative dating of fossils.
60
Skin pigmentation, height in humans or variation of beaks in finches are examples of
regulating traits
single-gene traits
monohybrid crosses
polygenic traits
61
Comparing stages of growth before birth to determine relatedness is called ______.
survival of the fittest
fitness
adaptations
comparative embryology
62
What cell structures contain DNA that can be used to determine evolutionary relationships?
nuclei and cell membranes
nuclei and ribosomes
nuclei and mitochondria
nuclei and vacuoles
63
Why is the hagfish clade considered the outgroup?
It has lungs.
It has jaws but no claws.
The perch and the rest don't like that hagfish clade don't wear Uggs.
It does not possess jaws or the other derived characters.
64
Gradualism is a pattern of evolution in which
there is little evolution interrupted by rapid evolution.
a single species evolves into several related species.
a species evolves at a slow, steady pace.
several distantly related species develop similarities.
65
Widow's peak, tongue-rolling, hitchhiker's thumb, are examples of
Single Gene Traits
Gene Pool
Multiple Alleles
Polygenetic Traits
66
More offspring are produced than can survive. Competition for limited resources is the ___.
survival of the fittest
adaptation
fitness
struggle for existence
67
What were the two animals that Darwin studied the most in the Galapagos Islands?
tortoises and finches
turtles and penguins
lizards and finches
None of these
68
When lions prey on a herd of Wildebeest, some are killed & some escape due to being faster. This is an example of
survival of the fittest
descent with modifications
reproductive isolation
acquired characteristics
69
Embryology is evidence that vertebrates evolved from a(n) ______ ancestor.
very old
distant
unknown
common
70
When allele frequencies don't change and no evolution is occurring, this is known as
Allele Order
Genetic Drift
Phenotypic Balance
Genetic Equilibrium
71
What process could explain how 2 fossils of the same animal is found on 2 different continents thousands of miles apart?
volcanic eruption
ocean currents
mountain building
continental drift-plate tectonics
72
Which of the following clades is most likely to survive a series of catastrophic events?
few distantly related and diverse species
many distantly related and diverse species
a few closely related and similar species
many closely related and similar species
73
Select THREE answers: Fossil evidence supports the idea that
modern organisms evolved from ancient organisms
all organisms are unrelated
the Earth is very old
modern organism share common ancestors
74
Before Darwin, Lamark's evolutionary hypotheses stated that
organisms can change using/not using their body parts
variation in populations is due to genetics
natural selection is the driving force of evolution
only the fittest organisms survive
75
Which is TRUE about the Miller and Urey experiments?
They made amino acids.
They did not make any molecules.
They made prokaryote cells.
They made eukaryote cells.
76
Most fossils are found in
the sap of ancient trees.
volcanic rock.
rusty water.
sedimentary rock.
77
What are the genotypic frequencies in a population of mice having 400 black (B_) mice and 80 brown (bb) mice?
p = 45% and q= 55%
p= 83% and q = 17%
p2 = BB = 35% 2pq = Bb = 48% q2 = bb = 17%
Bbp2 = BB = 45% 2pq = Bb = 55% q2 = bb= 17%
78
Natural selection of polygenic traits in which the two extremes are favored over the average phenotypes is known as
disruptive selection
stabilizing selection
directional selection
single-gene traits
79
Of the following types of evidence for evolution, which is considered the "newest" field to support change over time?
Fossil Record
Comparative Embryology
Molecular Genetics-DNA, RNA and Amino acid sequences
Homologous Structures structures such as the forelimbs of different species
80
What clade is the closest ancestor of the chimpanzee?
pigeon
cannot be determined from this diagram
lizard
mouse
81
A single-gene trait for mouse fur black versus brown is 80% versus 20%. This is an example of
Population Breakdown
Gene Pool
Allele Frequency
Polygenic
82
Common descent suggests that __________, living or extinct, come from a distant common ancestor.
Some of all species
No species
Half of all species
all species
83
How would you give an age of a sample of rock that you think is one of the oldest on Earth?
Use a radioactive isotope with a long half-life.
Use an index fossil.
Use a radioactive isotope with a short half-life.
Look at its location compared to other rocks.
84
What does a cladistic analysis show about organisms?
the fitness of the organisms
the importance of each derived character
all characteristics of each organism
how they are related to each other

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