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Infection/Immunity Part 1
Infection/Immunity Part 1
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1
During a routine health screening, an RN identifies that a pt is high risk for Chlamydia. What dx test should she order?
X-ray of the pelvic region
Vaginal or cervical swab for nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)
Blood glucose test
Complete blood count
2
RN is reviewing the labor plan w/ a pregnant woman who is GBS positive. What should be included in the teaching?
"You will receive a single dose of IV Penicillin G when you are admitted."
Your newborn will also need to be treated with antibiotics after birth."
"You should receive 1st dose of antibiotics at least 4 hrs before delivery"
"Antibiotics will be administered every 4 hours until delivery.
You don't need antibiotics if you're having a csection before labor begins"
3
During a community health initiative, what treatments should the RN explain are available for HPV lesions & warts?
Radiation therapy as a primary treatment option.
Laser therapy to precisely target and destroy lesions
High-dose oral antibiotics.
Cryotherapy to freeze and remove abnormal tissue.
IMIQUIMOD cream to enhance the immune response and clear lesions.
4
Which statement by a new mom indicates understanding of the discharge instructions regarding her C-section wound care?
"I should report any signs of redness or fever."
"I should expect some purulent drainage as normal."
"Pain is normal and should not be addressed."
"I will take a sitz bath twice daily."
5
What are some risk factors when it comes to assessing Chlamydia?
sharing a drink
hx of multiple STI'S
Multilple sex objects in the anus
Only oral sex
contraceptive use
Multiple sex partners/new sex partners/sex w/out condoms
6
In a postpartum patient with a wound infection at the episiotomy site, what is a likely consequence if left untreated?
Spontaneous improvement without intervention
Wound healing by secondary intention
Quick resolution with minimal intervention
Decreased sensation at the infection site
7
How does Hepatitis B compare in infectiousness to HIV?
It is 10 times less infectious than HIV.
It is 100 times more infectious than HIV
It is about the same as HIV.
It is less infectious than HIV.
8
Which interventions should a nurse recommend to a pregnant woman to reduce the risk of contracting CMV?
Pregnant women should not interact with children to completely avoid CMV.
Regular CMV screenings throughout pregnancy to monitor the infection status
Avoid sharing food drinks & utensils w/ kids especially in daycare settings
Practice frequent handwashing, particularly after changing diapers.
Use hand sanitizer only when soap and water are not available.
9
A pt dx w/ HPV inquires about non invasive tx for genital warts. What should the RN recommend?
Recommend TCA (trichloroacetic acid) applied topically to treat warts.
Advise only surgical options as they are the most effective.
Propose an immediate start of intravenous antiviral therapy.
Suggest ignoring the warts as they typically resolve w/out any intervention
10
An RN discusses the latency & tertiary stages if syphilis. What info is crucial to talk about these stages?
Latent shows no s/s but last up to 20 yrs/Tertiary cause heart/neuro issues
Tertiary syphilis can lead to life-threatening conditions
The latency stage involves severe symptoms that require intervention
Both stages represent the early and least concerning phases of syphilis.
11
Which of the following is an appropriate initial therapeutic management for a patient diagnosed with PID?
Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics, oral fluids, and bed rest.
Over-the-counter pain medications and home rest.
High-dose antiviral therapy and strict isolation.
mmediate surgery to remove affected tissues.
12
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) can lead to complications such as infertility due to scarring of the fallopian tubes.
False
True
13
A nurse is counseling a patient recently diagnosed with GHS. Which management strategies should the nurse discuss?
That condoms can completely prevent the transmission of herpes
Use of antiviral therapy to reduce symptoms and prevent transmission.
the potential for recurrent episodes and triggers that might cause these.
The importance of informing sexual partners about the herpes infection.
Vaccination options to eliminate the herpes virus.
14
An RN is educating a group of pt's regarding the prevention of HepB. What info should be included?
The virus can live on surfaces for up to week
Antiviral therapy for hep B is effective as a preventive measure
It's safe to share razors or toothbrushes if people have the vaccine
Regular handwashing is the most effective method to prevent hepatitis
Hep B vaccine is recommended for all individuals including high risk people
15
A pregnant pt is dx w/ BV. What pregnancy related complications should she be educated on regarding the infection?
Preeclampsia
Placenta Previa
Post Partum endometritis
Preterm Labor
Chorioamnionitis
16
Which statement is true regarding the management of neonatal infections from Genital Herpes Simplex?
Herpes infections in newborns are easily treatable with topical creams
Neonate infections are mainly contracted thru transmission from the father
Newborns with herpes do not show symptoms until several months after birth.
Neonate herpes infections can occur from ascending infections after (ROM)
17
Urban area pt has multiple sex partners/unprotected. C/O vaginal discharge/dysuria. What assessment should be done?
Recommending immediate psychological counseling for lifestyle choices.
Testing for urinary tract infection only, based on the symptoms presented.
Conducting a thorough STI screening including a test for Gonorrhea.
Assessing for possible sexual abuse due to multiple partners.
18
Which of the following scenarios describe artificial passive immunity?
A mother passes antibodies to her fetus via the placenta.
A newborn receives a hepatitis B vaccine.
A nurse administers immunoglobulin to a patient exposed to chickenpox.
A patient receives a tetanus shot after stepping on a rusty nail.
19
HPV is the most common viral infection in the United States
True
False
20
Which intervention is most critical for a newborn whose mother has Hepatitis B?
Immediate isolation of the newborn
Administration of Hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG within 12 hours of birth
Waiting to initiate any treatment until hepatitis symptoms appear
Exclusive breastfeeding to transfer antibodies
21
Most common cause of pneumonia, sepsis, & meningitis in newborns is GBS
False
True
22
Once infected w/ Cytomegalovirus (CMV) the virus remains dormant in the body & reactivates during periods of stress
True
False
23
Which dx tests should be ordered for a postpartum pt showing symptoms of fever, pelvic pain, and foul-smelling lochia?
Urinalysis
Complete blood count (CBC)
Uterine cultures
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
24
A couple being treated for Trich asks about precautions they should take during tx. What should the RN advise?
Continue normal activities as the medication does not interact with alcohol
Avoid alcohol & intercourse until both are symptom-free & complete therapy
Only abstain from alcohol if symptoms of nausea occur.
There is no need to abstain from sexual activity if using condoms.
25
During a health education session, a nurse explains the difference between HSV-1 & HSV-2. Which info should be included?
HSV-2 causes genital lesions but can occasionally cause oral lesions
HSV-1 is typically responsible for genital herpes.
Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can only be transmitted through direct sexual contact.
HSV-2 is most commonly associated with oral herpes.
HSV-2 is most commonly associated with oral herpes.
26
Hepatitis A can be prevented by vaccination, which is recommended for all children and travelers to certain countries.
False
True
27
Which routes of transmission are associated with Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
Blood transfusions
Kissing and close contact with young children
Airborne respiratory droplets
Sexual contact
Sharing utensils
28
Which hepatitis virus is known to survive on surfaces for up to a week, increasing the risk of transmission?
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis E
29
Which of the following symptoms are indicative of endometritis in a postpartum patient?
Nausea/Anorexia
Localized uterine tenderness
Pelvic Pain
C. Hypotension
Chills/Fever above 100.4
30
A pt is being d/c w/ instructions on tx for her yeast infection. What should the RN include about recurrent infections?
Advise the patient to use antifungal medication indefinitely
Educate pt on factors that alter vaginal pH & avoiding penicillin
Recurrence is uncommon and usually does not require further education
Patients should avoid all antibiotics in the future to prevent recurrence.
31
An educational session about vulvovaginal candidiasis for a health group. What important info should be included?
Only women with poor hygiene are at risk of developing candidiasis.
Wearing tight, synthetic clothing can predispose women to candidiasis.
All women regardless of lifestyle have the same risk of candidias
Douching, diabetes & pregnancy alter the risk of developing candidiasis
32
During a health check w/ a female an RN discusses HPV & cervical cancer prevention; What points should the RN include?
Vaccines prevent all forms of cancer & there is no need for anymore action
Emphasize the role of vaccines & importance of Pap smears
Only discuss HPV vaccines & avoid mention screening tests
Regular screening tests like Pap smears are unnecessary if vaccinated.
33
A nurse is assessing a pt presenting w/ their 1st episode of GHS. Which S&S are associated w/ a primary infection?
ymphadenopathy and genital irritation
Multiple painful vesicular lesions B) Suprainfection with Candida
High fever and severe malaise
Localized tingling and itching without visible lesions
Suprainfection with Candida
34
Breastfeeding is contraindicated for mothers who are positive for Hepatitis B.
True
False
35
Which antibiotics are commonly prescribed for the treatment of Chlamydia?
Ciprofloxacin
Doxycycline
Metronidazole
Azithromycin
36
Rn is assessing a pt who had a c-section & c/o pelvic pain. Pt also has fever & tachycardia. What should the RN check?
Arrange for an immediate pelvic ultrasound.
Obtain a blood sample for culture and sensitivity.
Administer antipyretics to manage fever.
Check the patient's surgical incision for signs of infection.
37
Colostrum the 1st milk produced after giving birth has antibodies & provides
natural active immunity
to the newborn
False
True
38
A pregnant woman with elevated IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii should start treatment immediately.
False
True
39
Miconazole, clotrimazole, and terconazole are antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections.
False
True
40
During a seminar, an RN explains why Gonorrhea is concerning for women's reproductive health. What should be included?
The infection is usually symptomatic making early detection straightforward
Women are at risk due to the bacteria targeting cells on outside of cervix
Reporting new cases to health authorities is crucial for tracking.
Gonorrhea is typically transmitted through casual contact.
Gonorrhea can lead to (PID), which may cause infertility
41
A pt in the postpartum unit c/o discomfort in her peri area. What education should there be about infection prevention?
Techniques for breastfeeding.
The importance of sitz baths for healing.
Restrictions on the number of visitors.
Taking prescribed pain medications.
42
A female pt c/o lower abdominal pain/fever. She reports hx of unprotected sex w/ multiple men. What should be suspected?
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
ectopic Pregnancy
Appendicitis
43
During a f/u a pt treated for Trich reports no symptoms along w/ her partner. What is the next step?
Prescribe a second round of antibiotics as a preventive measure.
No further action is required if both partners are asymptomatic.
Retest both partners to ensure the infection has been completely eradicated
Advise them to start treatment with a different antibiotic.
44
Teaching patients about the importance of hydration and analgesia is unrelated to the direct treatment of endometritis.
True
False
45
During a prenatal visit a pregnant woman who has genital herpes asks about delivery options. What should the RN advise?
Herpes is not a consideration in the choice of delivery method.
Vaginal delivery is safe and recommended for all women with herpes.
Cesarean delivery is mandatory for all women with genital herpes.
Vaginal/C-section delivery depends on active lesions at the time of labor
46
Which of the following are effective strategies to break the chain of infection in a maternal/newborn setting?
Encouraging breastfeeding
Frequent handwashing by healthcare providers
Ensuring proper sterilization of surgical instruments
Isolating infected individuals
Administering prophylactic antibiotics post-delivery
47
Infection is a virus that causes harm to the body, while Immunity is.....
only able to function if the person is of a certain age
the body's response to infection
48
A HCP is RX treatment for a pregnant woman diagnosed with Genital Herpes Simplex. Which medications are appropriate?
Acyclovir administered four times daily.
Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infection.
altrex as part of daily suppressive therapy.
Aspirin to reduce fever and pain associated with lesions
Prophylactic antiviral treatment starting at 36 weeks of gestation.
49
Which statements accurately describe the transmission routes and prevention methods for hepatitis A, B, and C?
Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route.
Hep B&C are transmitted through unprotected sex & sharing of needles.
Hepatitis C is primarily treated with antiviral medications.
HepB can survive outside the body on surfaces for up to a week
Vaccination is available for hepatitis C to prevent transmission.
50
Which of the following is a true statement about wound care in a postpartum patient with an infected cesarean incision?
Erythema & warmth at the incision site should be expected as normal healing
Sitz baths are recommended to promote healing and reduce infection.
Wound infections are rare and typically resolve without treatment.
Antibiotics & wound debridement are standard treatments for infection.
51
A nursing mother c/o flu like symptoms; malaise, fever, & chills, along w/ breast tenderness/pain. What is the dx?
ibrocystic breast changes
Mastitis
Breast cancer
Galactocele
52
When should a newborn receive HBV immune globulin & the 1st dose of the HepB vaccine if born to an HBV-positive mother?
Only if the mother has active symptoms at delivery
Within 48 hours of birth
At the first well-baby visit
Within 12 hours of birth
53
What are some possible sites for wound infections?
C-section Incision/Episiotomy/Laceration
Conjuctiva/Vaginal/Ear Canal
Rectum/Nasal/Oral
54
Group B Streptococcus is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract and poses no risk to non-pregnant individuals.
False
True
55
Bacterial Vaginosis is only transmitted sexually.
False
True
56
Pt presents w/ c/o of Yeast infection. What is the appropriate initial technique to manage vulvovaginal candidiasis?
Prescribe an oral antibiotic.
Advise an increase in dietary sugar to boost energy and fight infection.
Recommend miconazole cream as part of the initial treatment.
Suggest the application of an antiviral cream.
57
What is the primary route of transmission for Hepatitis A?
Fecal-oral
Sexual contact
Blood transfusion
Vertical transmission from mother to child
58
A pt dx w/ BV asks how to prevent further infections. Which statement by the pt indicates a need for further teaching?
“I should avoid douching to prevent disrupting my vaginal flora.”
“Using a condom during intercourse may help reduce my risk of BV.”
“Taking antibiotics completely eliminates my risk of getting BV again.”
“If I notice symptoms, I should get treated early to prevent complications.
59
An RN is preparing an educational session about GBS for pregnant women. Which points should be included?
+ GBS test means a need for close monitoring of the newborn for infection
Women who test + for GBS are given ABX immediately to reduce colonization.
IV ABX are admx during labor if the GBS culture from late pregnancy was +
Continue of IV ABX post-delivery ensures the eradication of GBS
GBS screening is typically done a vaginal-recto swab at 35-37 weeks
60
Which of the following statements about Group B Streptococcus (GBS) are true?
GBS is found in the rectum or vagina of about 25% of pregnant women. 1 in 4
GBS is a naturally occurring bacterium in the gastrointestinal tract.
Screening for GBS is performed at 12-16 weeks of gestation.
+ GBS in pregnant women is treated w/ oral antibiotics during pregnancy
61
What are the potential fetal complications from a primary CMV infection during pregnancy?
deaf/blind
Microcephaly/low birthweight
Congenital heart defects
Neonatal jaundice
Intellectual disability
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)/still birth
62
Rn is providing pt education about managing a Trich infection. What points should be included regarding treatment?
Continue sexual activity but use barrier protection.
nsure that only one partner is treated to monitor effectiveness.
Abstain sexual activity until both partners are treated & symptom free.
Avoid alcohol during &up to 48hrs after completion of metronidazole therapy
Increase intake of acidic foods to lower vaginal pH.
63
Toxoplasmosis is typically contracted through contact with infected cat feces or undercooked meat.
False
True
64
Axillary adenopathy associated with mastitis may present as swollen glands in the armpits due to lymph node edema
False
True
65
What immunity involves receiving premade antibodies thru substances like immunoglobulins to provide protection/treatment
Artificial active
Natural Active
Articial passive
Natural Passive
66
A female student inquires about HPV screening. What recommendations should the RN make about HPV assessments?
Perform assessment and only proceed with testing if genital warts are found
Recommend HPV testing only if she is sexually active with multiple partners
HPV testing begins at 21 unless visible she has genital warts or symptoms
Schedule an immediate HPV test and Pap smear regardless of age or symptoms.
67
Which of the following are true regarding the risks associated with Rubella infection during pregnancy?
Exposure in 1st trimester can almost guarantee congenital disease in baby
Rubella is only contagious thru person contact & not contaminated objects
Congenital rubella syndrome can lead to miscarriage or fetal death.
Screening for Rubella immunity is typically done during prenatal visits.
Rubella can be safely vaccinated against during pregnancy.
68
During a prenatal visit the RN counsels a pt w/ HepB on risks w/ the infection for the newborn. What should be included?
Preventive measures can significantly reduce transmission risks
Increased risk of becoming a chronic carrier
Likely to develop severe acute symptoms immediately after birth
Neonatal death is a common outcome
Increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight
69
What are the routes of transmission for Toxoplasmosis that pregnant women should be educated about to prevent infection?
Consuming undercooked or raw meat
Consuming raw or undercooked vegetables
Handling or changing cat litter
Drinking unpasteurized milk
Contact with contaminated soil
70
What does an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) indicate in a postpartum patient with suspected endometritis?
Anemia
Blood clotting disorders
Inflammation
Dehydration
71
A postpartum pt w/ suspected endometritis has an elevated temperature, chills, & anorexia. What approach should be taken
Immediate administration of broadspectrum antibiotics and fluid replacement
Administer antipyretics and schedule follow-up in 24 hours
Await further symptoms before initiating any treatment
Conduct an ultrasound to confirm diagnosis before treatment
72
An Rn is assessing a pt c/of vaginal discharge/fishy odor. What should the the Rn suspect based on the symptoms?
Genital herpes.
Bacterial vaginosis.
ulvovaginal candidiasis.
Trichomoniasis.
73
In cases of endometritis, post partum bleeding aka Lochia can become purulent
False
True
74
An RN is planning an outreach program focused on syphilis. What topics should be included to enhance understanding?
The role of safe sex practices in preventing syphilis transmission.
The necessity of lifelong treatment for syphilis.
the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating all stages of syphilis.
The impact of untreated syphilis on pregnancy and long-term health.
The necessity of lifelong treatment for syphilis.
75
A 22 yr old college student c/o of dysuria & clear discharge. She tests positive for Chlamydia. What is the best course?
Recommend treatment with metronidazole and schedule immediate surgery.
Start doxycycline with a follow-up test in 6 months.
Advise her to notify sexual partners only if symptomspersist aftertreatment
RX azithromycin 1g PO in single dose & rec abstinence until meds done
76
Ceftriaxone is given to a pt w/ Gonorrhea.The pt expresses concern about pain How should administration be explained?
The medication is administered orally, so there is no pain involved.
Ceftriaxone is mixed with lidocaine to minimize pain during the injection
No pain relief measures are necessary as the injection is painless.
The injection is given without any anesthetic to ensure its effectiveness.
77
A STI prevention workshop is being conducted. What key points should be included about Gonorrhea & Chlamydia?
Importance of routine screening for sexually active individuals.
How to correctly use barrier methods like condoms.
Using antibiotics such as ceftriaxone as a preventive measure
Encourage attendees to practice abstinence
The role of safe sex practices in preventing STI transmission.
78
What are the potential outcomes of untreated syphilis during pregnancy?
Potential for stillbirth or neonatal death.
increased likelihood of premature birth and organ failure in the infant.
High risk of brain damage in the mother.
No significant risks if treated after birth.
79
A HCP is discussing preventive measures w/ a pt who has recurrent genital herpes episodes. What should be included?
Taking daily suppressive antiviral medication.
Using latex condoms during all sexual encounters.
Annual screening to determine if the virus has been cured.
Avoiding any form of sexual contact, including non-penetrative
Stress management techniques to prevent outbreaks.
80
Chlamydia infections always present with symptoms, making them easy to diagnose without screening.
False
True
81
Postpartum pt c/o pain in left breast it feels hot to the touch & appears red. She's nursing her 2wk old. What's the dx?
Mastitis
Breast cancer
Breast engorgement
Milk bleb
82
An altered vaginal pH can increase the risk of developing vulvovaginal candidiasis.
True
False
83
A prenatal pt tests positive for syphilis during her 1st visit. What is the appropriate treatment for her?
Prescribe doxycycline as the first-line treatment due to its efficacy.
Initiate treatment with Penicillin G intramuscularly as soon as possible.
Wait until after delivery to start treatment to avoid any potential effects
Recommend over-the-counter medications to manage symptoms
84
During an educational session, an RN discusses Chlamydia. What points should she include about prevention & health?
Condom use during sex encounters can reduce risk of transmission
Engaging in unprotected sex is safe as long as both are asymptomatic
regular screening is unnecessary unless you are symptomatic.
Follow up w/ a HCP if symptoms persist or recur
Completion of Rx antibiotic therapy is essential for the infection
85
Septic pelvic "blank" is a complication of endometritis where the infection spreads along venous routes to the pelvis.
Salpingitis
thrombophlebitis
vulvitis
metritis
86
A nurse is educating a patient on how to care for her episiotomy wound at home. Which information is crucial to include?
"Clean the wound with alcohol pads every hour."
"Wash your hands before and after touching the wound."
"Make sure to apply an antibiotic ointment twice daily."
"Keep the wound covered with a bandage at all times."
87
What are the risks associated with a primary Genital Herpes Simplex infection during pregnancy?
Increased risk of morbidity and mortality in the newborn.
Mild symptoms that do not affect pregnancy outcomes.
Severe systemic symptoms to the mother.
Possible need for c-section if active lesions are present at time of labor
Lower risk of transmission to the fetus compared to non-primary infections.
88
Which area is primarily affected in a case of endometritis?
The lower uterine segment
The cervical canal
The endometrium and adjacent myometrium
The ovarian follicles
89
A nurse is treating a patient diagnosed with BV. Which medication is appropriate for treating this condition?
Oral azithromycin
Topical acyclovir
Oral metronidazole or clindamycin cream
Intravenous vancomycin
90
A young student tests positive for Gonorrhea. What should be discussed in the next steps of his condition management?
Recommending alternative medicine approaches as a follow-up.
Scheduling an appointment to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment
) No need for further action if symptoms improve within a week.
Referral to a specialist for immediate surgery.
91
Artificial active immunity is achieved when a person is vaccinated and their body produces antibodies in response.
False
True
92
A pt is in for a check up. Knowing her risk factors what advice should the RN provide to prevent yeast infections?
Discontinue use of any antifungal medications to avoid resistance.
Use scented feminine hygiene products to maintain cleanliness.
Increase sugar intake to promote a more acidic vaginal environment
Avoid douching and manage blood glucose levels effectively.
93
Which type of immunity is a newborn most reliant upon in the first few months after birth?
Natural passive immunity
Natural active immunity
Artificial passive immunity
Artificial active immunity
94
Tertiary intention healing involves immediately closing the wound with sutures after infection has cleared.
False
True
95
A pregnant woman can receive a live Rubella vaccine as part of her prenatal care.
False
True
96
Why is it important to consider a combination regimen of antibiotics for someone diagnosed with Chlamydia?
To increase the speed of symptom relief.
To treat potential co-infection with another STI such as Gonorrhea.
To reduce the side effects of azithromycin. C)
Combination regimens are only used when the first treatment fails.
97
Pt w/ BV asks about contracting the infection while having unprotected sex. What can be explained regarding transmission
BV is exclusively transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse.
BV can be contracted thru oublic toilets
Using condoms can reduce the risk of BV
BV is unrelated to sexual activity &only results from poor personal hygiene
98
An RN is tryig to educate a prenatal pt on testing of syphilis. What should the nurse highlight as part of the teaching
Testing for syphilis is not necessary during pregnancy
Syphilis testing should be done 2x: once at the 1st prenatal visit & 3rd
Testing is only necessary for symptomatic women.
A single test at the first prenatal visit is sufficient.
99
There is a cure for Genital Herpes Simplex, and it can be treated effectively with antibiotics.
True
False
100
During a health fair, a RN is asked about ways to prevent yeast infections. What prevention strategies can they discuss?
Keeping the genital area dry and wearing breathable, cotton underwear.
Using scented vaginal hygiene products frequently.
Wearing tight, synthetic underwear
Avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use, especially broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Maintaining a healthy diet and managing diabetes if applicable.
101
An assessment is done on a pt who c/o symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis. What symptoms are consistent w/ the dx?
requent urination and back pain.
Vulvar erythema, soreness, and dyspareunia.
Profuse, foul-smelling, green discharge.
White plaques on the vaginal wall.
Pruritus and thick, curd-like vaginal discharge.
102
During a labor and delivery unit orientation, what should the nurse emphasize about aseptic technique?
It includes proper handwashing and sterile glove use
It is less important than antibiotic prophylaxis.
It is only necessary during surgical procedures.
It is only necessary during surgical procedures.
103
A pregnant woman tests positive for IgM antibodies against CMV. What does this indicate& how should her care be managed?
The presence of IgM antibodies indicates a recent or current CMV infection.
She should be reassured that IgM presence indicates past infection
Education hand washing should be reinforced to prevent further transmission
She should start IV antiviral medications as a preventive measure.
Continuous monitoring of fetal development via ultrasound is recommended.
104
Which of the following are signs of a recurrent Genital Herpes Simplex infection?
Tingling, itching, and pain prior to lesion appearance
apid resolution of symptoms compared to primary infection
Multiple widespread vesicular lesions
More localized and unilateral genital lesions
Systemic symptoms like high fever and severe malaise
105
An RN is preparing a talk about the risks associated w/ BV. What complications should be included about BV?
Preterm labor.
Chorioamnionitis.
Cervical cancer.
Pelvic inflammatory disease.
Hypertension.
106
Which of the following are correct about the transmission of Genital Herpes Simplex?
The virus cannot be transmitted during asymptomatic shedding.
Kissing can transmit the virus if one partner has oral herpes.
t can only be transmitted through direct sexual contact.
Transmission can occur thru mucous membranes
Touching skin without intercourse can still transmit the virus.
Transmission thru broken skin even w/out lesions
107
RN is reviewing lab results for a postpartum pt suspected of having endometritis. Which finding indicates the dx?
White blood cell count of 12,000/µL
Hemoglobin level of 12 g/dL
Blood glucose level of 90 mg/dL
Platelet count of 250,000/µL
108
A pt suspected of having GHS is in the clinic for evaluation. What DX tests should the nurse order?
Viral culture of a lesion
outine bacterial culture of a lesion
Blood tests to differentiate between HSV-1 and HSV-2
PCR testing of lesion fluid
Complete blood count to check for infection
109
Which factors contribute to the high risk of STIs among adolescents?
Limited access to healthcare
Long-term, stable partnerships
Feelings of invincibility affecting risk perception
Unprotected sex/many partners
Engaging in protected intercourse only
Anatomical differences in females
110
A pregnant mom has immunity to chickenpox due to having the disease in childhood. What type of immunity does she pass on
Natural active immunity
Artificial active immunity
Artificial passive immunity
Natural passive immunity
111
A newborn in the NICU has been diagnosed w/ a HAI. Which would be considered the primary reservoir for this infection?
the healthcare provider's hands
the mother's breast milk
the hospital's water system
the infant's incubator
112
Regular screening for asymptomatic infections is an important part of the assessment for adolescents at risk for STIs.
False
True
113
A HCP discusses HepC management w/ a recently dx pt. What statement is accurate about the treatment?
"Hepatitis C can be managed effectively with a yearly vaccine."
"No effective antiviral treatment exists we'll focus on supportive care"
"Hepatitis C is self-limiting and does not require any form of treatment."
"Treatment for hepC w/ antiviral meds can clear the virus from patients"
114
A breastfeeding pt dx w/ mastitis is prescribed dicloxacillin. What is important to educate her about this medication?
It may change the color of her breast milk.
She should stop breastfeeding immediately while taking this antibiotic.
It is safe to continue breastfeeding while on this antibiotic.
The baby may experience significant gastrointestinal distress.
115
An educational session is being developed for students about STI'S. What info about Chlamydia should be included?
Symptoms often include mucopurulent discharge and dysuria.
Reporting new cases to health department is crucial for public monitoring
Preventive strategies include consistent condom use and regular screening.
Testing is typically done only when symptoms are severe.
Chlamydia can only be transmitted through long-term relationships.
116
A pregnant mom is found to have Gonorrhea. What immediate steps must be taken to prevent transmission to baby?
Schedule an immediate induction of labor to reduce infection
Administer antibx therapy
Prepare to use eye prophylaxis
Prescribe oral contraceptives to manage the symptoms.
Advise the pt to have an elective c section
117
A female pt tests positive for HPV during her routine screening. What is the appropriate f/u to manage care?
Annual Pap smears to monitor for any precancerous changes.
Immediate treatment with antiviral medication to eliminate the virus.
No further action is required unless she develops symptoms.
A recommendation for a hysterectomy as a preventive measure
118
Which statements accurately describe the implications of contracting Rubella during pregnancy?
Infection in the 1st trimester leads to a high risk of congenital defects.
fetal risks include miscarriage, congenital malformations, and fetal death.
Not associated w/ fetal complications if contracted in 3rd trimester
Can be contracted thru droplets or direct contact w/ contaminated objects
Vaccination against Rubella should be admx during the first prenatal visit.
119
Which nursing action is essential to support a mother with mastitis who is experiencing significant pain while nursing?
Advise her to cease breastfeeding until the infection resolves
ecommend switching to formula feeding.
Suggest applying ice packs before and after nursing.
Encourage her to express milk frequently and continue nursing if possible.
120
RN is caring for a pt who had a c-section & has signs of endometritis. Which would indicate prompt attention?
A temperature of 98.6°F (37°C)
Mild abdominal discomfort
Decreased appetite
Foul-smelling lochia
121
What is the primary purpose of screening pregnant women for Hepatitis B virus (HBV)?
To initiate antiviral treatment immediately if positive
To determine the need for HBV vaccination postpartum
To ensure appropriate prophylactic measures are planned for the newborn
To prepare for potential complications at delivery
122
The diagnosis of Genital Herpes Simplex is confirmed primarily through patient history and clinical presentation.
True
False
123
A group of pregnant women are being taught the risks of leaving Trich untreated What consequences should be highlighted?
There are no significant risks to untreated Trichomoniasis.
Trichomoniasis only affects men and is not a concern for pregnant women.
Treatment can be postponed until after delivery to avoid medication effects
It can lead to conditions like preterm birth and postpartum endometritis.
124
Which infections are included in the TORCH complex that affect pregnant women and lead to serious fetal complications?
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes Simplex Virus
Hepatitis B
Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
125
Which wound healing is characterized by the natural healing process where wound is left open to heal from inside out?
Tertiary intention
Secondary intention
Primary intention
Quaternary intention
126
A prenatal pt test positive for Trichomoniasis.What complications should the RN counsel pt on that affect the pregnancy?
Risk of post partum endometritis
No known complications associated w/ the pregnancy
Potential for preterm birth
Increased risk of hypertension
Increased chance of gestational diabetes
127
What can affect the membranes & the amniotic fluid, that often precedes endometritis, after a c-section.
Chorioamnioitis
Peritonitis
Cyanosis
Jaundice
128
A pt recently treated for Chlamydia has completed the antibx regimen. What is the next step to ensure infection is gone?
Conduct a testofcure (TOC) to confirm the effectiveness of antibx treatment
Discharge Tom from care as symptoms have likely resolved.
Prescribe a second course of antibiotics as a precaution.
Advise Tom that no further testing is necessary unless symptoms reappear.
129
The most common cause of mastitis is improper latching which can lead to skin breaks that allow staph bacteria to enter.
False
True
130
A nurse is preparing to assist with a cesarean delivery. Which action is essential to prevent infection?
Encouraging the mother to breastfeed immediately after delivery.
Ensuring that all surgical instruments are accounted for.
Applying aseptic technique during the procedure.
Discussing pain management options with the patient.
131
A male partner is dx as an asymptomatic carrier of Trich. What should theRN emphasize about treatment for both partners?
Both partners must have tx to eliminate the parasite & prevent reinfection
male should receive a different form of tx due to asymptomatic status
Only the female partner should be treated as men do not show symptoms
no treatment is necessary unless symptoms become apparent in the male
132
What age group is targeted for the Garadsil/Cervarix vaccine, & how is it administered?
Provide vaccination for ages 9-40, but in a single dose for faster coverage
Target ages 9-40, administering the vaccine in three doses.
Vaccinate children aged 5-10 years in a single dose
Offer the vaccine only to females aged 18-26 in two doses
133
After delivering a baby, a pt is being moved to another room. What should the nurse prioritize to prevent infection?
Ensure the patient's room has clean bed linens.
Provide a meal as soon as the patient is settled.
Check the patient's vital signs every 30 minutes.
Offer the patient a warm blanket.
134
A student reports occasional unprotected sex & tests positive for Chlamydia. Which priority should the RN take?
Suggest she wait for symptoms to develop before starting treatment.
Advise to notify her sexual partners & initiate treatment w/ azithromycin.
Recommend Jessica use over-the-counter medications to alleviate symptoms.
Encourage her to continue w/ her current sexual practices but use condoms.
135
A pt is being counseled who has been dx w/ Genital Warts caused by HPV. What should the RN teach about management?
Genital warts will eventually progress to cancer if not promptly treated.
Genital warts indicate the patient will develop other HPV-related diseases.
Tx can remove warts & help manage symptoms but the virus may remain dormant
Once genital warts are treated, HPV is completely eradicated from the body.
136
Which of the following are correct regarding the management of a pregnant woman who is GBS positive?
Antibiotic treatment aims to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby.
Treatment with antibiotics should continue for 10 days postpartum.
Antibiotics are unnecessary if the mother has no symptoms
IV Penicillin G is typically administered every 4 hours during labor.
IV antibiotics should be started as soon as labor begins.
137
Which of the following statements about bacterial vaginosis (BV) is true?
BV is always transmitted sexually.
Up to 50% of women with BV are asymptomatic.
BV is caused by a single pathogenic bacterium.
BV is a viral infection requiring antiviral treatment.
138
Pt dx w/ recurrent BV is being d/c w/ a Rx for clindamycin. What advice should be provided to prevent future episodes?
Use scented soaps and vaginal deodorants to mask any odor.
Change sex behaviors & educate the risks associated w/ new partners
Ignore symptoms if they recur since BV often resolves on its own.
Limit bathing to once a week to preserve natural oils.
139
What is the primary cause of Chlamydia infections?
virus
parasite
fungus
bacteria
140
Which factor is most commonly associated with the increased incidence of endometritis in postpartum women?
Use of forceps during delivery
Natural birth
Cesarean birth
Epidural anesthesia
141
What immediate nursing actions should be taken for a patient suspected of having mastitis with axillary adenopathy?
Encourage frequent nursing
ice packs to underarm area
Initiate antibiotics
wear tight bras
Apply warm moist heat to affected area
Start IV fluids
142
A female is being treated for BV. She c/o recurrent symptoms despite tx. What additional interventions are there?
Avoid douching and harsh feminine hygiene products.
Switch to a high-sugar diet to counteract the infection.
Consider probiotics like yogurt so support vaginal flora
Continue taking metronidazole indefinitely to prevent BV.
Partner should be treated as well since BV is linked to sexual activity
143
The placenta can act as a portal of entry for infections affecting the fetus
False
True
144
Female pt c/o of vaginal discharge/itching. She is dx w/ Trichomoniasis. What should be the primary action?
Advise her that treatment is unnecessary as the infection is self-limiting.
Suggest home remedies such as yogurt baths to alleviate symptoms.
Prescribe metronidazole/tinidazole for both her & asymptomatic partner.
Recommend that only she receives treatment as men are merely carriers.
145
A nurse is counseling a pregnant pt w/ GHS about delivery options. What should the nurse include in her counseling
Every mom w/ herpes must be treated with Acyclovir 4X day during pregnancy
Vaginal labor is possible if there are no active lesions
Prophylactic antiviraltreatment is optional can start during 1sttrimester.
A cesarean section is mandatory for all women with Genital Herpes Simplex.
C-section is recommended if there are active lesions at the time of labor.
146
How are Hepatitis B and C primarily transmitted?
By consuming contaminated food
From mother to child during birth
By blood transfusions and sharing needles
hrough fecal-oral route
Through unprotected sexual contact
147
A new mom asks about the best foods to eat during her recovery to help prevent infection. What should the nurse suggest?
Low-carbohydrate foods to maintain weight
High-fat foods for increased energy.
Protein-rich foods to aid in tissue repair.
High-fiber foods to prevent constipation.
148
A pt dx w/ secondary syphilis c/o a rash on palms/soles/flu symptoms/hair loss. What are some management strategies?
Initiate treatment with Penicillin G as recommended for syphilis.
disregard the rash as it is likely self-limiting.
Conduct periodic reevaluation w/ serologic testing to monitor effect
Educate pt about potential for heart & neurological issues if untreated
Advise that no treatment is needed unless symptoms worsen.
149
Which of the following statements are true regarding the diagnosis & implications of (CMV) infection during pregnancy?
IgG antibodies indicate a past CMV infection and lifelong immunity.
The presence of IgG antibodies guarantees the fetus will not be infected
CMV infection cannot be transmitted via casual contact.
IgM antibodies suggest an active or recent CMV infection.
A primary CMV infection during pregnancy is more dangerous to the fetus
150
A nurse is providing education to a group of teenagers on STI prevention. What should be included?
The importance of postponing sexual intercourse
Regular STI screening even if they are asymptomatic
Only getting tested if symptoms of an STI appear
Using contraception such as condoms to prevent STIs
The effectiveness of natural family planning in preventing STIs
151
An RN is discussing HPV. What critical info should be highlighted about the different strains & their risks?
High-number strains of HPV are more likely to cause genital warts.
Regular screening & vaccination can reduce the risk of cervical cancer.
Lownumber strains of HPV are typically associated w/ development of cancer
enital warts imply an increased risk of cervical cancer in all cases.
High-number strains of HPV are linked with higher risks of cancers/cervical
152
A nurse is educating a group of women planning pregnancy about Rubella. What should she include regarding prevention?
Pregnant women should test for Rubella immunity as part of a screening
Women should receive the Rubella vaccine during early pregnancy.
It is safe to receive the Rubella vaccine postpartum.
Avoid contact w/ individuals who have German measles is important
Live vaccines can be given during pregnancy if the mother is not immune.
153
Which of the interventions should be prioritized for a pt diagnosed with endometritis following a cesarean section?
Monitoring vital signs every four hours
Assessing the incision site for signs of infection
Administering prescribed antibiotics
encouraging ambulation to promote gas exchange
Recommending increased intake of fluids
154
An assessment is being done on a pt sus of having Trich. What symptoms should the RN expect to find of the disease?
Vaginal pH lower than 4.5.
Strawberry" appearance on the cervix.
A) Heavy yellow-green or gray frothy discharge.
Lower abdominal pain without discharge.
155
Some counseling is needed for a pt w/ a false positive syphilis result.What should the nurse explain about the next step
False positives are common; no further action is required
gnore the test result and focus on symptom management only.
Confirmatory test using FTA-ABS/TP-PA to rule out a false positive
Start treatment immediately w/out additional testing for prevention
156
What is the primary reason for using broad-spectrum antibiotics in the treatment of endometritis postpartum?
To reduce the duration of antibiotic therapy needed
To cover multiple potential pathogens known to cause endometritis
To minimize the side effects associated with targeted antibiotic therapy
To address possible resistance to single-agent antibiotics
157
An RN is preparing a class on STI's. What info should be included about Trichomoniasis to raise awareness?
Encourage the use of barrier methods like condoms to prevent transmission
Men are symptomatic carriers & should be the primary focus of treatment
Trich is only transmitted thru non sexual means
Trich cannot be cured & is a lifelong condition
158
A RN is educating a group of expectant mothers about Hep B. What should be emphasized about HepB in newborns?
Most newborns will not show any symptoms, even if infected.
Immediate prophylaxis can prevent chronic hepatistis in newborns
Newborns should be vaccinated only if the mother was symptomatic
Newborns automatically clear the infection with their immune system.
159
During a seminar, an RN teaches the importance of syphilis testing during pregnancy. What should be emphasized?
Tertiary syphilis can cause including brain damage and organ failure.
Syphilis testing is optional and based on personal choice.
Left Untreated can lead to stillbirth, neonatal death, & development issues
Pregnant women should be tested for syphilis at least 2x during pregnancy.
Testing should be performed only if the pregnant woman exhibits symptoms.
160
During an exam of a pt suspected of BV, which of the following criteria must be met for a definitive dx?
Thin white vaginal discharge
Presence of trichomonads on microscopy
Vaginal pH greater than 4.5
Positive 'whiff' test smell test
Clue cells on wet mount
161
Which fetal complications are associated with Toxoplasmosis infection during pregnancy?
Hypertension
Low birth weight
Neurologic damage E
Enlarged liver and spleen
aundice
162
There is a educationalprogram aimed at reducing Gonorrhea among adolescents. What points should be included about risks?
Gonorrhea can often be asymptomatic, making regular screenings important.
Teaching that symptoms always occur immediately after infection.
Gonorrhea only affects individuals with high socioeconomic status.
Highlighting risks such as PID & neonatal conjunctivitis
The importance of consistent use of barrier contraceptives.
163
A 28yr old pt dx with both Chlamydia & Gonorrhea, visits your clinic. What should the nurse include in the treatment?
Advise Sarah to seek treatment only if symptoms persist or worsen.
Initiate treatment w/ doxycycline for Chlamydia & ceftriaxone for Gonorrhea
RX ceftriaxone for Gonorrhea & recommend no treatment for Chlamydia
164
Prophylactic treatment w/ an antiviral agent for pregnant women w/ GHS is recommended to start at 36 weeks
False
True
165
Pt c/o heavy yellow/green vaginal discharge & itching w/ a strawberry appearance on cervix. What action should be taken
Schedule a Pap test to investigate the cervical changes further.
RX single 2g dose of oral metronidazole for her & recommend tx for partner
Advise her to wait for spontaneous resolution
Start an antifungal treatment due to the abnormal pH.
166
What are common signs and symptoms of a postpartum wound infection?
Wound separation
Fever and pain
Reduced scar tissue formation
Purulent drainage
Erythema and edema
167
HCP is counseling a mom who gave birth & was found to be Rubella nonimmune during pregnancy. What should they recommend?
Regular screening for Rubella immunity in future pregnancies.
Immediate vaccination with the live Rubella vaccine.
Vaccination prior to discharge from the hospital.
Delay breastfeeding until the vaccine has taken effect.
Breastfeeding is safe even shortly after receiving the vaccine.
168
What should a nurse emphasize during patient education for a pregnant woman diagnosed with Hepatitis B?
A) Importance of receiving antiviral therapy during pregnancy
Risks of transmitting the virus to the baby at birth
Breastfeeding safety and its lack of impact on virus transmission
Ensuring all family members are vaccinated against Hepatitis B
Safety and necessity of newborn vaccination within 12 hours of birth
169
RN is discussing mastitis w/a breastfeeding support group. What info should be highlighted about the causative organism?
Staphylococcus aureus can be eliminated by applying antifungal creams
Mastitis requires treatment with broad-spectrum antiviral medications.
The bacteria is often resistant to standard antibiotics,
Commonly transmitted through cracked or broken skin around the nipple.
170
An RN is assessing a pt who presents w/ genital lesions. Which symptoms indicate primary vs. recurrent genital herpes?
Localized itching w/ fewer smaller lesions
Pt reports severe pain systemic symptoms such as fever & malaise.
The Pt has no prior hx of similar lesions & tests positive for HSv2
The pt describes a tingling sensation followed by the appearance of lesions
171
An RN is educating a pt dx w/ BV. The pt asks what caused the condition. Which of the following are known risk factors?
Eating a diet high in sugar
Douching frequently
Lack of lactobacilli in the vaginal flora
Pregnancy
History of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
172
Sulfonamide drugs are used in pregnant women to treat active Toxoplasmosis infection &prevent transmission to the fetus.
False
True
173
An RN has a scheduled followup w/ a syphilis pt who's been treated for 3 months. What is the next step of treatment?
No further testing is needed if the patient feels better.
Schedule a serologic test to evaluate the treatment response.
Advise the patient to continue w/ another round of antibiotics
Recommend switching to an alternative antibiotic immediately.
174
Any break in the skin, such as a surgical incision, can potentially introduce bacteria that lead to endometritis.
True
False
175
Why is dual therapy recommended for treating Gonorrhea in sexually active individuals?
Because single therapy is ineffective against viral STIs.
To increase the medication dosage without prescribing different antibiotics
To cover both Gonorrhea and potential co-infection with Chlamydia.
to treat all possible symptoms more quickly.
176
A Pt is dx w/ endometritis, what follow-up actions are critical after initial antibiotic treatment to ensure recovery?
Repeat uterine cultures and CBC
Immediate cesarean section in subsequent pregnancies
Schedule an MRI of the pelvis
Discontinue antibiotics after symptom resolution
177
During a well visit, it is noted a Pt c/o painless sore near genitals, & swelling near lymph nodes. What should be done?
Assume it's a common allergic reaction and advise the use of antihistamines
Suspect primary syphilis, & refer the pt for VDRL & RPR testing immediately
Suspect a bacterial infection and recommend over-the-counter ointments
Provide reassurance that symptoms are likely benign
178
PostPartum pt's wound infection has signs of erythema, purulent d/c, pain &a fever of 101. What actions should be taken?
Initiate I& D immediately, administer analgesics, & apply heat.
Conduct a wound culture, start broad-spectrum antibiotics, and manage pain.
Administer prescribed IV antibiotics, assess pain, & apply cold compress.
Reassure the patient, monitor vitals, & schedule an appt w/ a surgeon.
179
A pregnant woman is dx w/ acute HepB in 3rd trimester. What is the likelihood of vertical transmission to the newborn
The virus cannot be transmitted vertically
High risk, 80-90%
Low risk, under 10%
Moderate risk, around 50%
180
In managing a patient with suspected endometritis, which interventions should be included in the immediate care plan?
Conduct a pelvic ultrasound.
Initiate therapeutic hypothermia.
Perform an endometrial biopsy.
Ensure adequate hydration.
Administer prescribed IV antibiotics.
181
Parametritis involves the extension of infection to the broad ligament, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.
False
True
182
A postpartum pt dx w/ endometritis is being d/c w/ instructions. Which aspect of self-care should the nurse emphasize?
Adequate rest
Regular temperature checks
Proper perineal care
Maintaining hydration
183
Genital warts are also called condylomata
True
False
184
The presence of lactobacilli in the vaginal flora helps prevent the overgrowth of bacteria that cause BV.
True
False
185
An RN is counseling a pregnant woman who is HBsAg-negative. What recommendation should the nurse provide regarding HepB?
No vaccination is needed as she is immune.
Only the newborn will require vaccination after birth.
Receive the Hepatitis B vaccination during pregnancy.
Defer vaccination until after the birth of the child.
186
All pregnant women should be treated for GBS during pregnancy to prevent colonization.
True
False
