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Milestone Review
Milestone Review
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Review Quiz to prepare for the Milestone EOC in Biology
Flashcards
70 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
A protein that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a(n)
enzyme
element
molecule
lipid
2
Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin?
Plantae
Animalia
Fungi
<p>Protista</p>
3
Which of the following contains a nucleus?
eukaryotes
organelles
prokaryotes
bacteria
4
What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems?
sunlight
water
carbon
carbohydrates
5
A pattern in which species have stable periods followed by brief rapid evolutionary change is
coevolution
adaptive radiation
convergent evolution
punctuated equilibrium
6
Which of the following is biochemical evidence for evolution?
embryonic hemoglobin is different from adult hemoglobin
Human hemoglobin is different than mouse hemoglobin
Human hemoglobin is more similar to chimps than mice
hemoglobin in humans can vary between different individuals
7
Which of the following explains why bird wings and reptile forelegs are evidence of evolution?
Homologous structures indicate a common ancestor
Analogous structures indicate a common ancestor
Vestigial structures point to a common ancestor
Similar functions point to a common ancestor
8
What happens during the process of translation?
Copies of DNA molecules are made
Messenger RNA is made from DNA
Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA
The cell uses information from mRNA to produce proteins
9
Gametes are produced by the process of
meiosis
mitosis
replication
crossing-over
10
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
homozygous
dominant
heterozygous
hybrid
11
Which of the following is an autotroph?
leopard
tree
impala
mushroom
12
What is produced during transcription?
DNA molecules
proteins
RNA polymerase
RNA molecules
13
The main function of the cell wall is to
help the cell move
direct the activities of the cell
store DNA
support and protect the cell
14
Which phrase best defines evolution by natural selection?
changes in a species as it becomes more perfect
a sudden replacement of one population by another
an adaptation of a species to its environment
a process of change in species over time
15
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
AGCTTG
GAUCCA
TCGAAC
GATCCA
16
You won't find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
fungi
plants
none of the above
animals
17
What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?
stroma, grana, chlorophyll
adenine, ribose, phosphate
NADH, NADPH, and FADH2
adenine, thylakoids, stroma
18
Which pair is correct?
M phase, cell growth
S phase, cell division
G2 phase, preparation for mitosis
G1 phase, DNA replication
19
Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
ribosome
mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
vacuole
20
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
6CO2 + 6H2O → 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy → 6O2 + C6H12O6
6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy → 6CO2 + 6H2O
21
According to Darwin, individuals who aruvive are best adapted. Their survival is due to the
choices made by plant and animal breeders
possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness
lack of competition within the species
possession of adaptations developed through use
22
Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
23
The second part of a scientific name is unique to each
family in its order
order in its class
genus in its family
species in its genus
24
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
ribose + phosphate group + thymine
deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
ribose + phosphate group + uracil
25
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
ATP and oxygen
oxygen
oxygen and high-energy sugars
high-energy sugars
26
If an organism's diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
24
6
12
3
27
The finches that Darwin found on the Galapagos displayed different adaptations including
birds' different-shaped beaks
length of the birds' necks
number of eggs in each bird's nest
similarities of the birds' embryos
28
A symbiosis in which both species benefit is
predation
commensalism
mutualism
parasitism
29
Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT
plant life
temperature
rainfall
soil type
30
Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and animals are
autotrophs
producers
decomposers
omnivores
31
Who is the best Honors Biology teacher of ALL time?
Mrs Dyer
Mrs Dyer
<p>All of the above</p>
Mrs Dyer
32
The algae at the beginning of the food chain in the picture are
consumers
heterotrophs
decomposers
producers
33
Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria and chloroplasts
34
Which of the following is released during cellular respiration?
oxygen
glucose
energy
air
35
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web?
food chain
trophic level
energy path
food pyramid
36
Which of the following is NOT an example of a heterotroph?
human
mushroom
grass
leopard
37
According to Darwin's theory, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have
the greatest number of offspring
characteristics that plant and animal breeders value
characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse
variations best suited to the environment
38
Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell?
Krebs cycle
electron transport
<p>photosynthesis</p>
glycolysis
39
Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down
<p>ATP</p>
carbon dioxide
water
food molecules
40
Which shows the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from simple to most complex?
organ system, organ, tissue, cell
tissue, organ, organ system
cell, tissue, organ system
cell, tissue, organ, organ system
41
The branch of biology dealing with interactions among/between organisms & their environment is
ecology
recycling
economy
modeling
42
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?
telophase
metaphase
anaphase
prophase
43
Examples of fossils include preserved
all of the above
body parts
footprints
eggs
44
All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food
web
network
interaction
chain
45
What proportion of all species that have ever lived has become extinct?
less than 1 percent
approximately one-half
more than 99 percent
100 percent
46
Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?
Species make up communities, which make up populations
Populations make up species, which make up communities
Communities make up species, which make up populations
Species make up populations, which make up communities
47
In humans, the femur, or thigh bone, is involved in walking. In whales the femur is a(n)
example of a fossil
acquited trait
<p>vesitigial structure</p>
example of natural variation
48
For a cross between a homozygous tall (TT) plant and a heterozygous (Tt) plant, which is true?
About half of the offspring will be short
All of the offspring will be short
<p>All of the offspring will be tall</p>
About half of the offspring will be tall
49
All of the members of a particular species that live in one area are called a(n)
biome
population
community
ecosystem
50
Green plants are
omnivores
consumers
producers
herbivores
51
DNA is copied during a process called
translation
replication
transformation
transcription
52
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
glycolysis → fermentation → Krebs cycle
Krebs cycle → glycolysis → electron transport
Krebs cycle → electron transport → glycolysis
glycolysis → Krebs cycle → electron transport
53
An organism that cannot make its own food is called a(n)
autotroph
heterotroph
chemotroph
producer
54
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
store and transmit heredity
help to fight disease
<p>build tissues such as bone and muscle</p>
control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes
55
When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is
artificial selection
natural selection
artificial variation
survival of the fittest
56
Prokaryotes lack
a nucleus
a cell membrane
cytoplasm
genetic material
57
The two main types of fermentation are called
lactic acid and anaerobic
alcoholic and aerobic
alcoholic and lactic acid
<p>aerobic and anaerobic</p>
58
Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT
decomposition of plants and animals
transpiration
photosynthesis
burning of fossil fuels
59
The structure labeled I in the figure is a thin, flexible barrier around a cell. It is the
cell wall
cell membrane
cell envelope
cytoplasm
60
Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Earth before the oceans formed?
an atmosphere of poisonous gases
bombardment by comets and asteroids
an atmosphere containing oxygen gas
volcanic activity
61
A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in sunlight. The gas is probably
<p>oxygen</p>
ATP
<p>carbon dioxide</p>
vaporized water
62
Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
63
Which cell structure contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities?
cell envelope
cytoplasm
organelle
nucleus
64
A species that evolved into several different species that live in different ways has undergone
coevolution
adaptive radiation
punctuated equilibrium
mass extinction
65
Energy is released from ATP when
adenine bonds to ribose
ATP is exposed to sunlight
a phosphate group is removed
a phosphate group is added
66
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
two genetically different cells
four genetically identical cells
four genetically different cells
two genetically identical cells
67
Which organelle breaks down food into particles the cell can use?
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
lysosome
68
The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called
metaphase
interphase
cytokinesis
anaphase
69
Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
ribosome
mitochondrion
chloroplast
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
70
What is an organism that feeds only on plants called?
detritivore
herbivore
carnivore
omnivore
