What was Guillotin's purpose for creating the guillotine?

He was inspired to create a more humane form of execution

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Academic Super Bowl - French Revolution

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Questions 196

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1
Which of the following was invented in France as a form of communication and is still used now?
Typewriter
Braille
Morse Code
Cursive
2
Which scientists had big discoveries in heat energy & chemistry?
Cavendish & Black
Priestley only
Ampere, Black, & Lavoisier
Cavendish & Priestley
3
Herschel theory- stars scattered through space - attractive forces put them into tight clusters
True
False
4
You discover a fossil that is intact which leads you to speculate that
the animal was buried quickly
bacteria did not act upon the animal
all of these
a scavenger did not find the animal
5
proposed that fluorine could be isolated by electrolysis
Cavendish
Black
Ampere
Fourier
6
What did Cavendish determine the composition of?
Water
Carbon Dioxide
Rocks
Pancakes
7
Giraffes stretching their necks & passing this new long reach to kids was called __ by Lamarck
Plate Tectonics
Natural Transformation
Uniformitarianism
Natural Selection
8
The remains or evidence of any creature or plant that once lived on earth is called a ______.
pisolite
geode
ichnofossil
fossil
9
How did the Semaphore Telegraph make signals that represented letters?
Flashing lights
Shooting cannons in the air
Pivoting shutters
Electrical signals
10
What was Guillotin's purpose for creating the guillotine?
To study how long the brain would work after decapitation
To find a quicker, cleaner method of amputation
He was inspired to create a more humane form of execution
He studied the skeletal system and how tendons worked
11
One of Cavendish’s many achievements was figuring out the precise measurement of the density of
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Methane
12
Pure water boils at 212°F - Convert this to Kelvin
100 K
373 K
212 K
485 K
13
To aid in Identifying the 63 different dot patterns, Braille numbered the dot positions
True
False
False
True
14
Cavendish found that, upon being burned, hydrogen made ______.
Nitrogen
Beans
Dew
Water
15
Who created the stethoscope?
Laennec
Leclerc
Lamarck
Cuvier
16
Fourier was interested in how math & heat were related. The following is an ex. of this.
Fourier Series
The Analytical Theory of Heat
Mathematical Physics
Infinite Mathematical Series
17
Herschel proved his discovery was a planet and not a comet due to its...
all of these
wandering
brightness
elliptical orbit
18
A zoologist & statesman, who established the sciences of comparative anatomy and paleontology.
Lamarck
Leclerc
Cuvier
Laennec
19
He helped systematize chemical nomenclature
Lavoisier
Black
Fourier
Cavendish
20
By 1802 he had also introduced the term biology.
Laennec
Leclerc
Lamarck
Cuvier
21
Showed how conduction of heat in solids may be analyzed in terms of infinite mathematical serie
Black
Lavoisier
Fourier
Cavendish
22
Who coined the term "invertebrate"?
Leclerc
Herschel
Cuvier
Lamarck
23
___ occurs when decomposed organism is consumed by shale and hardens to a protective shell.
Celtication
Encasement in Tar
Carbonization
Petrification
24
1st to reconstruct geological history in a series of stages, in Époques de la nature (1778).
Cuvier
Laennec
Leclerc
Lamarck
25
See Image
oxygen
combustion
air
acid
26
Who made their most memorable contributions to zoology, botany, paleo, and evolution?
Cuvier
Laennec
Lamarck
Leclerc
27
If treatment from someone other than local healers, poor people turned more readily to?
Surgeons
Physicians
28
The person who "set bones" for the poor country people was the____.
physicians
midwife
blacksmith
surgeon
29
What causes Kelvin to have no negative temperatures?
It begins at absolute zero
It is too hot
It has a positive attitude
Kelvin is a person, not a temperature
30
Which scientist had a military career in 1761?
Lamarck
Laennec
Black
Cuvier
31
One of the more unusual forms of complete insect preservation is encasement in______.
shale
citrin
limestone
amber
32
This was a curse to those living near stagnant water.
typhoid fever
typhus
dysentery
malaria
33
Laennec was mainly focused on science.
True
False
34
Who had an infinite series named for him that allowed modeling of sunspots, tides, & weather?
Fourier
Black
Ampere
Priestley
35
Balance the following equation: 3H₂+ N₂ →
HN
2HN
H2N2
2NH3
36
This equation represents what?
Ohm's Law
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law
Power Law
Ampere's Law
37
To determine the differences between star clusters, he used their relative densities
Fourier
Black
Cavendish
Herschel
38
No flame/mouse dead - no air...add plant/sunlight, air 'refreshed'...mouse/flame alive
Black
Ampere
Cavendish
Priestley
39
His work had an influence on the theory of functions of a real variable
Black
Lavoisier
Fourier
Cavendish
40
Which temperature is the warmest?
freezing point of water
-4.0°C
264 K
22°F
41
1st attempt to present all knowledge in natural history, geology, & anthropology in 1 spot
Lamarck
Cuvier
Leclerc
Laennec
42
___ rocks form from intense pressure and heat within the convection currents deep in the earth.
Igneous
Sedimentary
Stationary
Metamorphic
43
Established electrodynamics (electromagnetism)
Cavendish
Ampere
Fourier
Black
44
Some of Cavendish’s areas of research are optics, mechanics, and ________.
Astronomy
Biology
Magnetism
Combustion
45
Which set is an example of chemofossils
coal & wax
coal & petroleum
coal & clay
petroleum & wax
46
elements—his definition, substances that chemically had failed to break into simpler entities
Cavendish
Black
Lavoisier
Fourier
47
The Montgolfiers were best know for their invention that utilized burning wool and moist straw.
hot air balloon
stove/oven combination
barometer
parachute
48
In order to diagnosis a problem, doctors would
All of these
prescribe various powders & pills
bloodletting
examine a patients stool, vomit, & spittle
49
At what temperature(s) does all molecular motion stop?
-459°F
All of these
-273°C
0 K
50
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of lithology?
Streak
Malleability
Density
Luster
51
Animals have so many different traits that they can't be arranged in a single linear system.
Leclerc
Lamarck
Laennec
Cuvier
52
What type of rock 99% of the time is fossil-bearing?
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
Igneous
Stationary
53
Fourier was a respected_____.
Biologist
Archaeologist
Meteorologist
Mathematician
54
Who invented the guillotine?
Marie Antoinette
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin
None of the above
Antoine Louis
55
he developed a cosmogony—a theory concerning the origin of the universe
Cavendish
Black
Herschel
Fourier
56
Lavoisier was a young chemist who is known for all of the following EXCEPT
naming the element oxygen
improving the shape and design of voltaic cells
designing a safer way of making saltpeter
inventing the system of chemical nomenclature still in use
57
Cavendish discovered inflammable gas. The gas was later renamed by Lavoisier as
Hydrogen
Argon
Helium
Oxygen
58
The Braille system of communication was developed for use by blind people was___.
Developed in 1824 by 15yo student & published in 1829
Developed in 1819 by retired French army officer
Developed in 1845 by William Moon
Developed before Bastille Day (7/14/1789)
59
Thought the weight lose during calcination was due to loss of air rather than fire
Fourier
Black
Cavendish
Lavoisier
60
Who was elected to the Academy of Sciences in 1779?
Lamarck
Laennec
No one
Priestley
61
Certain unusual fossils can be used to define periods of geologic time. These are called?
cast fossils
mold fossils
index fossils
ichnofossils
62
He would name this group “animals without vertebrae” and invent the term invertebrate.
Lamarck
Laennec
Cuvier
Leclerc
63
Encasement in _________ occurs when sap hardens onto an organism, then hardens.
Fossil
Amber
Rock
Tar
64
His discovery "dephlogisticated air" on the theory it supported combustion (no phlogiston)
Priestley
Cavendish
Black
Ampere
65
The Braille system was first published in 1829; a more complete elaboration appeared in 1837.
True
True
False
False
66
The most widespread deadly illness in France just prior to the French Revolution was____.
gangrene
malaria
pneumonia
typhus
67
Grouped elements by their properties 50 yrs before Dmitri Mendeleev produced his periodic table
Fourier
Ampere
Black
Cavendish
68
Temperature is a measurement of the average motion or kinetic energy of the molecules.
Ampere
Cavendish
Black
Priestley
69
Heat is energy, which can be transported as molecules vibrate, move and collide into each other
Black
Cavendish
Ampere
Priestley
70
Proposed that the compound we now call hydrogen fluoride consisted of hydrogen & a new element
Fourier
Black
Ampere
Cavendish
71
Disease was commonplace in France in the 1800s because
animal & human waste filled the streets
All of these
drains & drinking water intermingled
flies contaminated food in the marketplace
72
Determined the function & structure of organs result from interaction with environment.
Lamarck
Laennec
Cuvier
Leclerc
73
The word "fossil" is derived from the Latin word "fossilis" which means
formed in the ocean
tongues of the wicked
formed on land
dug up
74
Who discovered that air is a mixture of gases that included dephlogisticated gas -very reactive
Black
Cavendish
Priestley
Lavoisier
75
Cavendish did research in the following areas
law governing electrical attraction and repulsion
composition of atmospheric air & properties of diff gases
mechanical theory of heat
synthesis of water
76
Hypothesized a group of scattered stars was earlier in development than tightly packed stars
Cavendish
Fourier
Black
Herschel
77
Balance the following : __HgO → __Hg + __O₂
1,1,1
2,1,2
2,2,1
1,2,2
78
Wrote the 1st descriptions of pneumonia, bronchiectasis, pleurisy, emphysema, & pneumothorax.
Laennec
Lamarck
Cuvier
Leclerc
79
Premineralization is when......
Organism covered by black residue hardens into a shale cover
Bone/shell pieces are filled by minerals and harden
Dirt hardens to stone then erosion creates sedimentary rocks
Amber is created from tree sap hardening onto an organism.
80
Joseph Priestly is credited with discovering what element?
oxygen
helium
carbon
hydrogen
81
introduced many terms still used today, cirrhosis & melanose (melanoma)
Cuvier
Lamarck
Leclerc
Laennec
82
See image
all 3 states come to a stop and is called the Kelvin scale
water freezes at 0 and boils at 80 and is named Reaumur scal
water freezes at 0 and is called the Celsius scale
a salt water solution freezes and is named Fahrenheit scale
83
Theory of develop included the simplest forms of life were results of spontaneous generation.
Cuvier
Lamarck
Laennec
Leclerc
84
Joseph Black disproved a popular theory about inner fire by showing that
heat is NRG which is transported as molecules move & collide
liquids would extinguish a flame
ice melts the temperature changes and releases inner fire
heat was actually a chemical substance
85
Cavendish's research involved collecting 2 kinds of gases over Hg and were originally named?
fixed air & inflammable air
Combustible airs
chemical airs
oxygen & carbon
86
Whom proposed the Guillotine on the basis of it being more humane?
Watt
Lagrange
Lavoisier
Guillotin
87
French biologist who is best known for his idea that acquired characters are inheritable
Leclerc
Cuvier
Lamarck
Laennec
88
Who invented the electric telegraph?
None of these
Antoine Louis
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin
Claude Chappe
89
He observed that plants release oxygen into the air — the process known now as photosynthesis.
Cavendish
Black
Ampere
Priestley
90
He explained heat as the result of the motion of matter.
Cavendish
Black
Fourier
Herschel
91
Fourier was known for researching heat and ______ equations.
Numerical
Linear
Quadratic
Radical
92
Every combustible substance contained part fire, called phlogiston, (Greek-inflammable)
True
True
False
False
93
The deeper strata contained animal remains that were unlike animals now found in recent strata.
Lamarck
Laennec
Leclerc
Cuvier
94
proposed the existence of a particle we now recognize as the electron
Cavendish
Fourier
Black
Ampere
95
During this same time, the British astronomer, Sir William Herschel, discovered the planet___?
Mercury
Pluto
Neptune
Uranus
96
Montgolfier proposed the theory of levity, but was incorrect. Why does hot air really rise?
Because air floats
When heated, air becomes more dense
It is split at an atomic level
When heated, air becomes less dense
97
Law of use and disuse
Lamarck
Laennec
Leclerc
Cuvier
98
Who reconstructed geologic history in a series of stages?
Leclerc
Darwin
Lamarck
Cuvier
99
What type of rock yields the most index fossils?
igneous
all of the above
sedimentary
metamorphic
100
With his notion of lost species he opened the way to the development of paleontology.
Laennec
Lamarck
Leclerc
Cuvier
101
1st to have theory of organic evolution that included the production of different forms of life
Laennec
Leclerc
Cuvier
Lamarck
102
1st to propose that the planets had been created in a collision between the Sun and a comet.
Lamarck
Laennec
Cuvier
Leclerc
103
known for calcs of density (and weight) of the earth. Known as His Name experiment.
Herschel
Cavendish
Black
Fourier
104
published a paper on eudiometry (the measurement of the goodness of gases for breathing)
Black
Cavendish
Fourier
Herschel
105
He determined that combustion & respiration are caused by reactions with what he named “oxygen”
Fourier
Black
Lavoisier
Cavendish
106
He improved the methods of granulating gunpowder.
Black
Lavoisier
Cavendish
Fourier
107
Who invented the hot air balloon?
Antoine Louis
Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin
Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier
108
was the first to illustrate that heat and temperature are different things.
Black
Cavendish
Ampere
Priestley
109
Who showed that air contained an inert gas that was 1/120th of the volume in earth's atmosphere
Black
Lavoisier
Cavendish
Priestley
110
The Gasparini Guillotine or "powerful shear" is still used today in what industry?
agricultural harvesting
textiles
sheep farming
metal and automotive manufacturing
111
Sanjay tests his model on a watermelon, it doesn’t make a clean cut. Why?
The blade wasn’t cleaned beforehand
The blade is not angled
The rope too short
The carrot was rotten
112
On the battle field, amputation was done immediately to prevent what from setting in?
pneumonia
lethargy
gangrene
neurogenic shock
113
_________ rocks form from cooling of magma or lava.
Ignition
Igneous
Intense
Infant
114
the electrodynamic molecule – a microscopic charged particle (a prototype of the electron)
Black
Ampere
Cavendish
Fourier
115
observed the absence of the gas, before he knew of its existence b/c of weight differences
Ampere
Priestley
Black
Cavendish
116
He made more&better gunpowder by ↑ the supply&purity of the parts—saltpeter, sulfur, charcoal
Fourier
Lavoisier
Black
Cavendish
117
His instrument replaced the practice of immediate auscultation(ear on chest of patient)
Laennec
Leclerc
Lamarck
Cuvier
118
This disease is responsible for killing more of Napoleon's army than Russian soldiers
Smallpox
Malaria
Dysentery
Typhus
119
Balance the following: __C + __O₂→ __CO
1,2,2
2,1,1
2,1,2
1,1,1
120
physician who invented the stethoscope & perfected the art of auditory exam of the chest cavity
Cuvier
Laennec
Lamarck
Leclerc
121
was distinguished for great accuracy and precision
Black
Cavendish
Herschel
Fourier
122
In 1824, when he was only 15 years old, Braille developed a six-dot “cell” system.
False
True
True
False
123
The SI unit of electric current is named in his honor.
Ampere
Cavendish
Black
Fourier
124
Lamarck was essentially the first scientists to argue for evolution.
True
False
125
This types of rock forms from layers of particles forming together to create layered rocks.
Igneous
Neutral
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
126
When a fossil is preserved this means that______.
exposed to air
it is alive and will live longer than a year
hardened into rock/maintaining material
it is carbonized
127
The theory that acquired traits can be inherited is called______.
Cuvierism
Buffonism
Lamarckism
Darwinism
128
Inflammable air (H) by dissolv metals in acids & fixed air (CO₂) by dissolv alkalis in acids
Herschel
Fourier
Cavendish
Black
129
discovered the chemical element fluorine
Fourier
Black
Ampere
Cavendish
130
The inside of a hotairballoon is 175°F, which of these temps would let the balloon rise faster?
108 degrees
78 degrees
89 degrees
95 degrees
131
Lithology is…
Different formations of rocks
Characteristics of rock types
Different minerals found in the ocean
Characteristics on maps
132
The idea of specific heat - heat required to ↑ the temp of a subst by a certain # of degrees.
Priestley
Black
Cavendish
Ampere
133
In an outcrop of sedimentary rock, the fossils get older in age as you move ___.
up section
down section
laterally
All of these
134
First to recognize the earth is very old & many species have come and gone since its formation?
Cuvier
Lamarck
Hutton
Leclerc
135
A fossil dinosaur footprint is considered a(n)?
trace fossil
index fossil
petrified fossil
characteristic fossil
136
He established the law of conservation of mass
Fourier
Lavoisier
Cavendish
Black
137
Latent heat is the heat absorb/release when changing from 1 state of matter to another (s,l,g)
Cavendish
Ampere
Priestley
Black
138
The father of Vertebrate Paleontology was____.
Lamarck
Cuvier
Leclerc
Hutton
139
What is the relationship between buoyant force and weight so a hot air balloon can fly?
no relationship, buoyant force is only in water
weight is greater than buoyant force
weight is equal to buoyant force
weight is less than the buoyant force
140
isolated carbon monoxide (which he called "heavy inflammable air")
Black
Ampere
Priestley
Cavendish
141
Index fossils tell us..
How long humans have been around
When to dig up dinosaur bones
Where paleontologist go to dig the most
What fossils can be found in a geologic time period
142
Geologist find the same fossils on 2 diff continents in same Sedi Strata - can tell age by?
trace fossils
index fossils
chemofossils
mold & cast
143
Who established extinction as a fact?
Hooke
Lamarck
da Vinci
Cuvier
144
Common problems encountered by the poor include
broken bones
cataracts
sprains
burns
145
Fossils may be hard to retrieve from the ground or even disappear after formation due to______.
fracture and folding of existing rock
erosion of exposed rock
all of the above
metamorphic processes acting on rocks
146
Who proposed the idea of a temperature measurement based on absolute zero?
Antoine Louis
Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier
Kelvin Guillotin
Lord William Kelvin
147
Besides CO_2,he also made discoveries about heat and temperature and latent heat.
Ampere
Cavendish
Black
Priestley
148
What term did Lamarck create?
Botany
He didn't create any terms
Biology
Melanoma
149
His work gave new prestige to the old concept of catastrophism
Leclerc
Laennec
Lamarck
Cuvier
150
measured solubility in water & specific gravity & combustibility of hydrogen & CO₂
Fourier
Cavendish
Black
Herschel
151
What type of motion was Fourier's Theorem on?
Reciprocating Motion
Rotary Motion
Fast Motion
Vibratory Motion
152
One things Fourier was interested in was the determination of ____ in algebraic equations.
Probability
Variables
Inequalities
Roots
153
realised that air was not the only gas, and discovered carbon dioxide
Ampere
Priestley
Cavendish
Black
154
He discovered the planet Uranus
Cavendish
Herschel
Black
Fourier
155
Shortages of fresh food often led to outbreaks of...
scurvy
dysentery
tuberculosis
scarlet fever
156
revolutionized the diagnosis of lung disorders
Lamarck
Laennec
Cuvier
Leclerc
157
he published on the temperature at which mercury freezes & made use of the idea of latent heat
Black
Fourier
Cavendish
Herschel
158
He hypothesized that nebulae are composed of stars
Cavendish
Herschel
Fourier
Black
159
He set the science of paleontology on a firm empirical foundation.
Lamarck
Laennec
Cuvier
Leclerc
160
What was the original name of the guillotine?
Antoinette
It has always been the guillotine
Louisette
The Beheadinator
161
Fourier’s work allowed him to express the making of heat in________objects.
2-Dimensional
Dense
3-Dimensional
Red
162
Discovery that wire carrying current can attract/repel another wire, also carrying current.
Ampere
Cavendish
Fourier
Black
163
Convert 37°C to Kelvin
98.6 K
236 K
298 K
310 K
164
Who developed the stethoscope?
Herschel
Laennec
da Vinci
Hooke
165
Known for his studies of peritonitis, amenorrhea, the prostate gland, & tubercle lesions.
Laennec
Leclerc
Lamarck
Cuvier
166
Balance the following: __MgCO₃ → __MgO + __CO₂
1,1,1
2,1,2
1,2,1
1,2,2
167
His definitive proof by composition and decomposition that water is made of oxygen & hydrogen.
Lavoisier
Cavendish
Black
Fourier
168
What allowed the guillotine to have a cleaner cut?
A sharper edge
An angled blade
A stronger operator
Cleaning the blade
169
He established “correlation of parts” - organs have same functions in different animals.
Leclerc
Lamarck
Cuvier
Laennec
170
The interaction of electric currents or fields and magnetic fields found by Ampere is known as?
hyperphysics
Voltage
Ohm's Law
electromagnetism
171
Who proved heat and temperature were different things by using a bucket of melting ice?
Lavoisier
Black
Priestley
Cavendish
172
___- Greek meaning “acid-former,” Lavoisier's theory that it was the acidifying principle.
oxygen
helium
hydrogen
nitrogen
173
he had produced magnetic attraction and repulsion in the complete absence of any magnets.
Cavendish
Black
Fourier
Ampere
174
The only anesthetic available before the French Revolution was _________.
process of purging
alcohol
vitriol
hemlock
175
French naturalist, remembered for his comprehensive work on natural history,
Lamarck
Cuvier
Laennec
Leclerc
176
How did Cuvier set up the foundation of paleontology?
All of these
by demo the importance of functional & anatomical relations
introducing fossils into zoological classification
showing the relation between rock strata and fossil remains
177
Which scientist had a theory of evolution?
Priestley
Cuvier
None
Lamarck
178
There are _____ different rock types.
5
3
2
4
179
Theory that animals, in responding to different environments, adopted new habits.
Lamarck
Laennec
Leclerc
Cuvier
180
The steam engine(James Watt) was made of simple machines. The machine was powered by coal and ?
coal alone, making the machine inexpensive
manpower originally, adapted after 1800 by R. Trevithick
pulleys & levers
air pressure & pistons recycling latent energy
181
Disagreed with evolution - thought animals had not changed since creation
Laennec
Cuvier
Leclerc
Lamarck
182
_____________ is the process in which a plant-like substance is turned into a stony material.
Petrification
Premineralization
Encasement in Tar
Carbonization
183
A common and accepted panacea for ALL health problems was _______.
drinking milk
green vitriol
eating fruit
bloodletting
184
These were all preferable to seeking out treatment from doctors?
Healers & quacks for ointments
Local wise woman for potions
All of these
blacksmith for bone setting
185
It took them only an instant to cut off that head, & 100 years may not produce another like it.
Fourier
Lavoisier
Cavendish
Black
186
Encasement in ________ occurs when these black, sticky substance pits harden over an organism.
Tar
Talc
Shale
Fossils
187
The cause of mass extinctions can best be explained by?
all of these
catastrophic environmental changes
widespread flooding
sudden land upheavals
188
If you placed a pumice rock(0.25 g/cm³) in a glass of water(1 g/cm³), what would happen?
It would break the glass
It would sink
It would dissolve
It would float
189
He developed a theory of stellar evolution
Herschel
Fourier
Cavendish
Black
190
What property did Joseph Montgolfier propose caused gases from a fire to rise?
Flammability
Carbon Dioxide
Montgolfier Gas
Levity
191
What is paleontology?
the study of life
the study of fossils
the study of rocks
192
How many botanical volumes did Lamarck write?
None
3
4
2
193
The poor people of France had little use for doctors. When they became ill, they________.
drank more red wine
all of the above
put their faith in the saints
improved their diets
194
Valentin Haüy was the first person to emboss paper as a means of reading for the blind.
False
False
True
True
195
Cavendish was the first to get an accurate measurement for _______’s density.
Air
Water
Earth
Chocolate
196
What term did Laennec create?
Botany
Biology
He didn't create any terms
Melanoma

Academic Super Bowl - French Revolution Flashcards | StudBud

Academic Super Bowl - French Revolution

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Questions 196

Answers

1
Which of the following was invented in France as a form of communication and is still used now?
Typewriter
Braille
Morse Code
Cursive
2
Which scientists had big discoveries in heat energy & chemistry?
Cavendish & Black
Priestley only
Ampere, Black, & Lavoisier
Cavendish & Priestley
3
Herschel theory- stars scattered through space - attractive forces put them into tight clusters
True
False
4
You discover a fossil that is intact which leads you to speculate that
the animal was buried quickly
bacteria did not act upon the animal
all of these
a scavenger did not find the animal
5
proposed that fluorine could be isolated by electrolysis
Cavendish
Black
Ampere
Fourier
6
What did Cavendish determine the composition of?
Water
Carbon Dioxide
Rocks
Pancakes
7
Giraffes stretching their necks & passing this new long reach to kids was called __ by Lamarck
Plate Tectonics
Natural Transformation
Uniformitarianism
Natural Selection
8
The remains or evidence of any creature or plant that once lived on earth is called a ______.
pisolite
geode
ichnofossil
fossil
9
How did the Semaphore Telegraph make signals that represented letters?
Flashing lights
Shooting cannons in the air
Pivoting shutters
Electrical signals
10
What was Guillotin's purpose for creating the guillotine?
To study how long the brain would work after decapitation
To find a quicker, cleaner method of amputation
He was inspired to create a more humane form of execution
He studied the skeletal system and how tendons worked
11
One of Cavendish’s many achievements was figuring out the precise measurement of the density of
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Methane
12
Pure water boils at 212°F - Convert this to Kelvin
100 K
373 K
212 K
485 K
13
To aid in Identifying the 63 different dot patterns, Braille numbered the dot positions
True
False
False
True
14
Cavendish found that, upon being burned, hydrogen made ______.
Nitrogen
Beans
Dew
Water
15
Who created the stethoscope?
Laennec
Leclerc
Lamarck
Cuvier
16
Fourier was interested in how math & heat were related. The following is an ex. of this.
Fourier Series
The Analytical Theory of Heat
Mathematical Physics
Infinite Mathematical Series
17
Herschel proved his discovery was a planet and not a comet due to its...
all of these
wandering
brightness
elliptical orbit
18
A zoologist & statesman, who established the sciences of comparative anatomy and paleontology.
Lamarck
Leclerc
Cuvier
Laennec
19
He helped systematize chemical nomenclature
Lavoisier
Black
Fourier
Cavendish
20
By 1802 he had also introduced the term biology.
Laennec
Leclerc
Lamarck
Cuvier
21
Showed how conduction of heat in solids may be analyzed in terms of infinite mathematical serie
Black
Lavoisier
Fourier
Cavendish
22
Who coined the term "invertebrate"?
Leclerc
Herschel
Cuvier
Lamarck
23
___ occurs when decomposed organism is consumed by shale and hardens to a protective shell.
Celtication
Encasement in Tar
Carbonization
Petrification
24
1st to reconstruct geological history in a series of stages, in Époques de la nature (1778).
Cuvier
Laennec
Leclerc
Lamarck
25
See Image
oxygen
combustion
air
acid
26
Who made their most memorable contributions to zoology, botany, paleo, and evolution?
Cuvier
Laennec
Lamarck
Leclerc
27
If treatment from someone other than local healers, poor people turned more readily to?
Surgeons
Physicians
28
The person who "set bones" for the poor country people was the____.
physicians
midwife
blacksmith
surgeon
29
What causes Kelvin to have no negative temperatures?
It begins at absolute zero
It is too hot
It has a positive attitude
Kelvin is a person, not a temperature
30
Which scientist had a military career in 1761?
Lamarck
Laennec
Black
Cuvier
31
One of the more unusual forms of complete insect preservation is encasement in______.
shale
citrin
limestone
amber
32
This was a curse to those living near stagnant water.
typhoid fever
typhus
dysentery
malaria
33
Laennec was mainly focused on science.
True
False
34
Who had an infinite series named for him that allowed modeling of sunspots, tides, & weather?
Fourier
Black
Ampere
Priestley
35
Balance the following equation: 3H₂+ N₂ →
HN
2HN
H2N2
2NH3
36
This equation represents what?
Ohm's Law
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law
Power Law
Ampere's Law
37
To determine the differences between star clusters, he used their relative densities
Fourier
Black
Cavendish
Herschel
38
No flame/mouse dead - no air...add plant/sunlight, air 'refreshed'...mouse/flame alive
Black
Ampere
Cavendish
Priestley
39
His work had an influence on the theory of functions of a real variable
Black
Lavoisier
Fourier
Cavendish
40
Which temperature is the warmest?
freezing point of water
-4.0°C
264 K
22°F
41
1st attempt to present all knowledge in natural history, geology, & anthropology in 1 spot
Lamarck
Cuvier
Leclerc
Laennec
42
___ rocks form from intense pressure and heat within the convection currents deep in the earth.
Igneous
Sedimentary
Stationary
Metamorphic
43
Established electrodynamics (electromagnetism)
Cavendish
Ampere
Fourier
Black
44
Some of Cavendish’s areas of research are optics, mechanics, and ________.
Astronomy
Biology
Magnetism
Combustion
45
Which set is an example of chemofossils
coal & wax
coal & petroleum
coal & clay
petroleum & wax
46
elements—his definition, substances that chemically had failed to break into simpler entities
Cavendish
Black
Lavoisier
Fourier
47
The Montgolfiers were best know for their invention that utilized burning wool and moist straw.
hot air balloon
stove/oven combination
barometer
parachute
48
In order to diagnosis a problem, doctors would
All of these
prescribe various powders & pills
bloodletting
examine a patients stool, vomit, & spittle
49
At what temperature(s) does all molecular motion stop?
-459°F
All of these
-273°C
0 K
50
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of lithology?
Streak
Malleability
Density
Luster
51
Animals have so many different traits that they can't be arranged in a single linear system.
Leclerc
Lamarck
Laennec
Cuvier
52
What type of rock 99% of the time is fossil-bearing?
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
Igneous
Stationary
53
Fourier was a respected_____.
Biologist
Archaeologist
Meteorologist
Mathematician
54
Who invented the guillotine?
Marie Antoinette
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin
None of the above
Antoine Louis
55
he developed a cosmogony—a theory concerning the origin of the universe
Cavendish
Black
Herschel
Fourier
56
Lavoisier was a young chemist who is known for all of the following EXCEPT
naming the element oxygen
improving the shape and design of voltaic cells
designing a safer way of making saltpeter
inventing the system of chemical nomenclature still in use
57
Cavendish discovered inflammable gas. The gas was later renamed by Lavoisier as
Hydrogen
Argon
Helium
Oxygen
58
The Braille system of communication was developed for use by blind people was___.
Developed in 1824 by 15yo student & published in 1829
Developed in 1819 by retired French army officer
Developed in 1845 by William Moon
Developed before Bastille Day (7/14/1789)
59
Thought the weight lose during calcination was due to loss of air rather than fire
Fourier
Black
Cavendish
Lavoisier
60
Who was elected to the Academy of Sciences in 1779?
Lamarck
Laennec
No one
Priestley
61
Certain unusual fossils can be used to define periods of geologic time. These are called?
cast fossils
mold fossils
index fossils
ichnofossils
62
He would name this group “animals without vertebrae” and invent the term invertebrate.
Lamarck
Laennec
Cuvier
Leclerc
63
Encasement in _________ occurs when sap hardens onto an organism, then hardens.
Fossil
Amber
Rock
Tar
64
His discovery "dephlogisticated air" on the theory it supported combustion (no phlogiston)
Priestley
Cavendish
Black
Ampere
65
The Braille system was first published in 1829; a more complete elaboration appeared in 1837.
True
True
False
False
66
The most widespread deadly illness in France just prior to the French Revolution was____.
gangrene
malaria
pneumonia
typhus
67
Grouped elements by their properties 50 yrs before Dmitri Mendeleev produced his periodic table
Fourier
Ampere
Black
Cavendish
68
Temperature is a measurement of the average motion or kinetic energy of the molecules.
Ampere
Cavendish
Black
Priestley
69
Heat is energy, which can be transported as molecules vibrate, move and collide into each other
Black
Cavendish
Ampere
Priestley
70
Proposed that the compound we now call hydrogen fluoride consisted of hydrogen & a new element
Fourier
Black
Ampere
Cavendish
71
Disease was commonplace in France in the 1800s because
animal & human waste filled the streets
All of these
drains & drinking water intermingled
flies contaminated food in the marketplace
72
Determined the function & structure of organs result from interaction with environment.
Lamarck
Laennec
Cuvier
Leclerc
73
The word "fossil" is derived from the Latin word "fossilis" which means
formed in the ocean
tongues of the wicked
formed on land
dug up
74
Who discovered that air is a mixture of gases that included dephlogisticated gas -very reactive
Black
Cavendish
Priestley
Lavoisier
75
Cavendish did research in the following areas
law governing electrical attraction and repulsion
composition of atmospheric air & properties of diff gases
mechanical theory of heat
synthesis of water
76
Hypothesized a group of scattered stars was earlier in development than tightly packed stars
Cavendish
Fourier
Black
Herschel
77
Balance the following : __HgO → __Hg + __O₂
1,1,1
2,1,2
2,2,1
1,2,2
78
Wrote the 1st descriptions of pneumonia, bronchiectasis, pleurisy, emphysema, & pneumothorax.
Laennec
Lamarck
Cuvier
Leclerc
79
Premineralization is when......
Organism covered by black residue hardens into a shale cover
Bone/shell pieces are filled by minerals and harden
Dirt hardens to stone then erosion creates sedimentary rocks
Amber is created from tree sap hardening onto an organism.
80
Joseph Priestly is credited with discovering what element?
oxygen
helium
carbon
hydrogen
81
introduced many terms still used today, cirrhosis & melanose (melanoma)
Cuvier
Lamarck
Leclerc
Laennec
82
See image
all 3 states come to a stop and is called the Kelvin scale
water freezes at 0 and boils at 80 and is named Reaumur scal
water freezes at 0 and is called the Celsius scale
a salt water solution freezes and is named Fahrenheit scale
83
Theory of develop included the simplest forms of life were results of spontaneous generation.
Cuvier
Lamarck
Laennec
Leclerc
84
Joseph Black disproved a popular theory about inner fire by showing that
heat is NRG which is transported as molecules move & collide
liquids would extinguish a flame
ice melts the temperature changes and releases inner fire
heat was actually a chemical substance
85
Cavendish's research involved collecting 2 kinds of gases over Hg and were originally named?
fixed air & inflammable air
Combustible airs
chemical airs
oxygen & carbon
86
Whom proposed the Guillotine on the basis of it being more humane?
Watt
Lagrange
Lavoisier
Guillotin
87
French biologist who is best known for his idea that acquired characters are inheritable
Leclerc
Cuvier
Lamarck
Laennec
88
Who invented the electric telegraph?
None of these
Antoine Louis
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin
Claude Chappe
89
He observed that plants release oxygen into the air — the process known now as photosynthesis.
Cavendish
Black
Ampere
Priestley
90
He explained heat as the result of the motion of matter.
Cavendish
Black
Fourier
Herschel
91
Fourier was known for researching heat and ______ equations.
Numerical
Linear
Quadratic
Radical
92
Every combustible substance contained part fire, called phlogiston, (Greek-inflammable)
True
True
False
False
93
The deeper strata contained animal remains that were unlike animals now found in recent strata.
Lamarck
Laennec
Leclerc
Cuvier
94
proposed the existence of a particle we now recognize as the electron
Cavendish
Fourier
Black
Ampere
95
During this same time, the British astronomer, Sir William Herschel, discovered the planet___?
Mercury
Pluto
Neptune
Uranus
96
Montgolfier proposed the theory of levity, but was incorrect. Why does hot air really rise?
Because air floats
When heated, air becomes more dense
It is split at an atomic level
When heated, air becomes less dense
97
Law of use and disuse
Lamarck
Laennec
Leclerc
Cuvier
98
Who reconstructed geologic history in a series of stages?
Leclerc
Darwin
Lamarck
Cuvier
99
What type of rock yields the most index fossils?
igneous
all of the above
sedimentary
metamorphic
100
With his notion of lost species he opened the way to the development of paleontology.
Laennec
Lamarck
Leclerc
Cuvier
101
1st to have theory of organic evolution that included the production of different forms of life
Laennec
Leclerc
Cuvier
Lamarck
102
1st to propose that the planets had been created in a collision between the Sun and a comet.
Lamarck
Laennec
Cuvier
Leclerc
103
known for calcs of density (and weight) of the earth. Known as His Name experiment.
Herschel
Cavendish
Black
Fourier
104
published a paper on eudiometry (the measurement of the goodness of gases for breathing)
Black
Cavendish
Fourier
Herschel
105
He determined that combustion & respiration are caused by reactions with what he named “oxygen”
Fourier
Black
Lavoisier
Cavendish
106
He improved the methods of granulating gunpowder.
Black
Lavoisier
Cavendish
Fourier
107
Who invented the hot air balloon?
Antoine Louis
Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin
Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier
108
was the first to illustrate that heat and temperature are different things.
Black
Cavendish
Ampere
Priestley
109
Who showed that air contained an inert gas that was 1/120th of the volume in earth's atmosphere
Black
Lavoisier
Cavendish
Priestley
110
The Gasparini Guillotine or "powerful shear" is still used today in what industry?
agricultural harvesting
textiles
sheep farming
metal and automotive manufacturing
111
Sanjay tests his model on a watermelon, it doesn’t make a clean cut. Why?
The blade wasn’t cleaned beforehand
The blade is not angled
The rope too short
The carrot was rotten
112
On the battle field, amputation was done immediately to prevent what from setting in?
pneumonia
lethargy
gangrene
neurogenic shock
113
_________ rocks form from cooling of magma or lava.
Ignition
Igneous
Intense
Infant
114
the electrodynamic molecule – a microscopic charged particle (a prototype of the electron)
Black
Ampere
Cavendish
Fourier
115
observed the absence of the gas, before he knew of its existence b/c of weight differences
Ampere
Priestley
Black
Cavendish
116
He made more&better gunpowder by ↑ the supply&purity of the parts—saltpeter, sulfur, charcoal
Fourier
Lavoisier
Black
Cavendish
117
His instrument replaced the practice of immediate auscultation(ear on chest of patient)
Laennec
Leclerc
Lamarck
Cuvier
118
This disease is responsible for killing more of Napoleon's army than Russian soldiers
Smallpox
Malaria
Dysentery
Typhus
119
Balance the following: __C + __O₂→ __CO
1,2,2
2,1,1
2,1,2
1,1,1
120
physician who invented the stethoscope & perfected the art of auditory exam of the chest cavity
Cuvier
Laennec
Lamarck
Leclerc
121
was distinguished for great accuracy and precision
Black
Cavendish
Herschel
Fourier
122
In 1824, when he was only 15 years old, Braille developed a six-dot “cell” system.
False
True
True
False
123
The SI unit of electric current is named in his honor.
Ampere
Cavendish
Black
Fourier
124
Lamarck was essentially the first scientists to argue for evolution.
True
False
125
This types of rock forms from layers of particles forming together to create layered rocks.
Igneous
Neutral
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
126
When a fossil is preserved this means that______.
exposed to air
it is alive and will live longer than a year
hardened into rock/maintaining material
it is carbonized
127
The theory that acquired traits can be inherited is called______.
Cuvierism
Buffonism
Lamarckism
Darwinism
128
Inflammable air (H) by dissolv metals in acids & fixed air (CO₂) by dissolv alkalis in acids
Herschel
Fourier
Cavendish
Black
129
discovered the chemical element fluorine
Fourier
Black
Ampere
Cavendish
130
The inside of a hotairballoon is 175°F, which of these temps would let the balloon rise faster?
108 degrees
78 degrees
89 degrees
95 degrees
131
Lithology is…
Different formations of rocks
Characteristics of rock types
Different minerals found in the ocean
Characteristics on maps
132
The idea of specific heat - heat required to ↑ the temp of a subst by a certain # of degrees.
Priestley
Black
Cavendish
Ampere
133
In an outcrop of sedimentary rock, the fossils get older in age as you move ___.
up section
down section
laterally
All of these
134
First to recognize the earth is very old & many species have come and gone since its formation?
Cuvier
Lamarck
Hutton
Leclerc
135
A fossil dinosaur footprint is considered a(n)?
trace fossil
index fossil
petrified fossil
characteristic fossil
136
He established the law of conservation of mass
Fourier
Lavoisier
Cavendish
Black
137
Latent heat is the heat absorb/release when changing from 1 state of matter to another (s,l,g)
Cavendish
Ampere
Priestley
Black
138
The father of Vertebrate Paleontology was____.
Lamarck
Cuvier
Leclerc
Hutton
139
What is the relationship between buoyant force and weight so a hot air balloon can fly?
no relationship, buoyant force is only in water
weight is greater than buoyant force
weight is equal to buoyant force
weight is less than the buoyant force
140
isolated carbon monoxide (which he called "heavy inflammable air")
Black
Ampere
Priestley
Cavendish
141
Index fossils tell us..
How long humans have been around
When to dig up dinosaur bones
Where paleontologist go to dig the most
What fossils can be found in a geologic time period
142
Geologist find the same fossils on 2 diff continents in same Sedi Strata - can tell age by?
trace fossils
index fossils
chemofossils
mold & cast
143
Who established extinction as a fact?
Hooke
Lamarck
da Vinci
Cuvier
144
Common problems encountered by the poor include
broken bones
cataracts
sprains
burns
145
Fossils may be hard to retrieve from the ground or even disappear after formation due to______.
fracture and folding of existing rock
erosion of exposed rock
all of the above
metamorphic processes acting on rocks
146
Who proposed the idea of a temperature measurement based on absolute zero?
Antoine Louis
Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier
Kelvin Guillotin
Lord William Kelvin
147
Besides CO_2,he also made discoveries about heat and temperature and latent heat.
Ampere
Cavendish
Black
Priestley
148
What term did Lamarck create?
Botany
He didn't create any terms
Biology
Melanoma
149
His work gave new prestige to the old concept of catastrophism
Leclerc
Laennec
Lamarck
Cuvier
150
measured solubility in water & specific gravity & combustibility of hydrogen & CO₂
Fourier
Cavendish
Black
Herschel
151
What type of motion was Fourier's Theorem on?
Reciprocating Motion
Rotary Motion
Fast Motion
Vibratory Motion
152
One things Fourier was interested in was the determination of ____ in algebraic equations.
Probability
Variables
Inequalities
Roots
153
realised that air was not the only gas, and discovered carbon dioxide
Ampere
Priestley
Cavendish
Black
154
He discovered the planet Uranus
Cavendish
Herschel
Black
Fourier
155
Shortages of fresh food often led to outbreaks of...
scurvy
dysentery
tuberculosis
scarlet fever
156
revolutionized the diagnosis of lung disorders
Lamarck
Laennec
Cuvier
Leclerc
157
he published on the temperature at which mercury freezes & made use of the idea of latent heat
Black
Fourier
Cavendish
Herschel
158
He hypothesized that nebulae are composed of stars
Cavendish
Herschel
Fourier
Black
159
He set the science of paleontology on a firm empirical foundation.
Lamarck
Laennec
Cuvier
Leclerc
160
What was the original name of the guillotine?
Antoinette
It has always been the guillotine
Louisette
The Beheadinator
161
Fourier’s work allowed him to express the making of heat in________objects.
2-Dimensional
Dense
3-Dimensional
Red
162
Discovery that wire carrying current can attract/repel another wire, also carrying current.
Ampere
Cavendish
Fourier
Black
163
Convert 37°C to Kelvin
98.6 K
236 K
298 K
310 K
164
Who developed the stethoscope?
Herschel
Laennec
da Vinci
Hooke
165
Known for his studies of peritonitis, amenorrhea, the prostate gland, & tubercle lesions.
Laennec
Leclerc
Lamarck
Cuvier
166
Balance the following: __MgCO₃ → __MgO + __CO₂
1,1,1
2,1,2
1,2,1
1,2,2
167
His definitive proof by composition and decomposition that water is made of oxygen & hydrogen.
Lavoisier
Cavendish
Black
Fourier
168
What allowed the guillotine to have a cleaner cut?
A sharper edge
An angled blade
A stronger operator
Cleaning the blade
169
He established “correlation of parts” - organs have same functions in different animals.
Leclerc
Lamarck
Cuvier
Laennec
170
The interaction of electric currents or fields and magnetic fields found by Ampere is known as?
hyperphysics
Voltage
Ohm's Law
electromagnetism
171
Who proved heat and temperature were different things by using a bucket of melting ice?
Lavoisier
Black
Priestley
Cavendish
172
___- Greek meaning “acid-former,” Lavoisier's theory that it was the acidifying principle.
oxygen
helium
hydrogen
nitrogen
173
he had produced magnetic attraction and repulsion in the complete absence of any magnets.
Cavendish
Black
Fourier
Ampere
174
The only anesthetic available before the French Revolution was _________.
process of purging
alcohol
vitriol
hemlock
175
French naturalist, remembered for his comprehensive work on natural history,
Lamarck
Cuvier
Laennec
Leclerc
176
How did Cuvier set up the foundation of paleontology?
All of these
by demo the importance of functional & anatomical relations
introducing fossils into zoological classification
showing the relation between rock strata and fossil remains
177
Which scientist had a theory of evolution?
Priestley
Cuvier
None
Lamarck
178
There are _____ different rock types.
5
3
2
4
179
Theory that animals, in responding to different environments, adopted new habits.
Lamarck
Laennec
Leclerc
Cuvier
180
The steam engine(James Watt) was made of simple machines. The machine was powered by coal and ?
coal alone, making the machine inexpensive
manpower originally, adapted after 1800 by R. Trevithick
pulleys & levers
air pressure & pistons recycling latent energy
181
Disagreed with evolution - thought animals had not changed since creation
Laennec
Cuvier
Leclerc
Lamarck
182
_____________ is the process in which a plant-like substance is turned into a stony material.
Petrification
Premineralization
Encasement in Tar
Carbonization
183
A common and accepted panacea for ALL health problems was _______.
drinking milk
green vitriol
eating fruit
bloodletting
184
These were all preferable to seeking out treatment from doctors?
Healers & quacks for ointments
Local wise woman for potions
All of these
blacksmith for bone setting
185
It took them only an instant to cut off that head, & 100 years may not produce another like it.
Fourier
Lavoisier
Cavendish
Black
186
Encasement in ________ occurs when these black, sticky substance pits harden over an organism.
Tar
Talc
Shale
Fossils
187
The cause of mass extinctions can best be explained by?
all of these
catastrophic environmental changes
widespread flooding
sudden land upheavals
188
If you placed a pumice rock(0.25 g/cm³) in a glass of water(1 g/cm³), what would happen?
It would break the glass
It would sink
It would dissolve
It would float
189
He developed a theory of stellar evolution
Herschel
Fourier
Cavendish
Black
190
What property did Joseph Montgolfier propose caused gases from a fire to rise?
Flammability
Carbon Dioxide
Montgolfier Gas
Levity
191
What is paleontology?
the study of life
the study of fossils
the study of rocks
192
How many botanical volumes did Lamarck write?
None
3
4
2
193
The poor people of France had little use for doctors. When they became ill, they________.
drank more red wine
all of the above
put their faith in the saints
improved their diets
194
Valentin Haüy was the first person to emboss paper as a means of reading for the blind.
False
False
True
True
195
Cavendish was the first to get an accurate measurement for _______’s density.
Air
Water
Earth
Chocolate
196
What term did Laennec create?
Botany
Biology
He didn't create any terms
Melanoma