Speech Acts

Promising, offering, threatening, refusing, vowing, volunteering, … are examples of commissives. 

Causing the hearer to smile, bow, extend his hand, and say ‘No, after you’.

"Congratulations on your promotion! That's a lot of hard work paying off."

Whose effects immediately change an institutional state of affairs and rely on elaborate extra-linguistic institutions?

Causing the hearer to smile and wonder why the speaker is being so polite

The man says, aggressively: ‘It’s none of your business’ and walks on.

The _is the act viewed in terms of the utterance’s significance within a conventional system of social interaction.

The playground supervisor is shocked at Billy’s bad language and goes to reprimand him.

“.. it reflects the intention of the speaker in making the utterance in the first place”

Asserting, descripting, claiming, hypothesizing, insisting, disagreeing are examples of representatives.

The schoolyard bullies mocked Michael's new glasses "Hey guys! Look at the four eyes!"

The __is the act of causing a certain effect on the hearer and others.

The speaker can control the illocutionary act (their intention), but not the perlocutionary effect (listener's response)

Greetings, apologizing, praising, congratulating, regretting, accepting, rejecting, … are examples of declaratives. 

The doctor insisted Dylan get more rest despite his busy schedule “If you don’t rest, don’t come see me next month.”

You order a steak, but it's overcooked: "Excuse me, but this steak is really overcooked. I ordered it medium-rare."

“the act of causing a certain effect on the hearer and others.”

The perlocutionary act performed something that is within the full control of the speaker.

Mom told her son "If you finish your chores, I'll take you to the movies.”