What is a Heuristic Strategy?

Usually works, sometimes exceptions, "Rule of thumb"

What did Brewer and Treyen's find in their study of subjects recalling items in their office?

Subjects created false memories of books, staplers present

What is opponent-process theory?

Color perception controlled by activity of opponent systems, We don't see red, we process an absence of green, All of the above

Rods and Cones are types of cells in the human eye. Which of the following describes Rods?

Highly sensitive to light, 120million, not color sensitive

What is an example of positive reinforcement?

When the rat pulls the lever, food comes out

What is sensory adaptation?

When we become less sensitive to constant stimulus

Which of the following best describes sensory memory?

Very short duration, very large capacity,

Perception is influenced in two directions - bottom-up and top-down. What is the top-down?

Prior knowledge/expectations/context

When we move our attentional spotlight, we can search for specific things/people

True-We sense all thing/people but have to perceive to "see"

Intelligence=ability to understand complex ideas, adapt to environment & learn from experience

True - it is also engaging in forms of reasoning

Environment affects intelligence within the range set up by our genes.

True - this is known as Reaction Range

What is a false memory?

Can be induced by hearing similar words, stories, A fabricated or distorted recollection of an event, All of the above

To answer short answer questions, you must read, understand, go into long term memory & recall

True - this is one way of measuring memory

The conditioned response & association going away over time

How our brain interprets signals sent from sensory organs

What is anterograde amnesia?

Not being able to form new long-term explicit memories, Only being able to form new long-term implicit memories, Remembering memories up to point of incident

Which of these are examples of primary reinforcers?

Fulfill a need for survival - food, water, sleep

What is declarative (Explicit) memory?

Memories you can describe in words - with facts

What is non-declarative memory (Implicit) ?

Memory you can not describe in words but can do, like walk

Declarative(Explicit) memory breaks down into Episodic & Semantic memory. Episodic memories ...

Are events, stories, episodes, etc.

What is a salient item?

Something unique or different capturing attention

What is systematic desensitization?

Gradual exposure paired with relaxation

What is negative reinforcement?

Taking something "bad" away, Lifting being "grounded" because you did housework, The removal of punishment, All of above

When we study, we should do so in smaller intervals with breaks. Why is this?

Serial Position Effect - we remember first heard, last heard

Why did some students saw an old lady, while others saw a young woman?

Based on previous knowledge provided

When you insert someone into a story, what is that called?

Source Memory Failure-Remember the story, not the source

Cones are organized into three classes - Red/Green, Blue/Yellow, Black/White

True - this explains opponent-process theory

Which are an example of an episodic memory?

Recalling your trip to Toronto three months ago, Recalling your drive to work this morning

What is an insightful solution?

Insightful solutions, working backwards

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Psychology Test #2

89 termsStudBud Administration40 plays

Psychology Test #2 - Review St. Clair College Fall 2018

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Questions 89

Answers

1
What is a Heuristic Strategy?
Insightful solutions, working backwards
Usually works, sometimes exceptions, "Rule of thumb"
Failure to use objects in novel ways to solve problems
Mechanical solutions, step-by-tep guaranteed solutions
2
What did Brewer and Treyen's find in their study of subjects recalling items in their office?
Subjects created false memories of books, staplers present
Subjects attention was unfocused
Subjects grew increasingly anxious the longer they waited
3
What is opponent-process theory?
Color perception controlled by activity of opponent systems
We don't see red, we process an absence of green
None of the above
All of the above
4
Individual who can comprehend graphical information such as maps.
Spatial
Interpersonal
Bodily/Kinesthetic
Intrapersonal
5
Sensory memory gives info to working memory. Working memory gives info to long term memory.
True
False
6
Rods and Cones are types of cells in the human eye. Which of the following describes Rods?
Not active in low light, 6million, color sensitive
Highly sensitive to light, 120million, not color sensitive
7
What is an example of positive reinforcement?
None of the above
When the rat touches the level, he gets shocked
When the rat pulls the lever, food comes out
Having constant shocks until the rat pushes the lever
8
What is sensory adaptation?
How our brain interprets signals sent from sensory organs
Turning sensory information into neural impulses
When we become less sensitive to constant stimulus
Our sensory organs reacting to sensory info (eyes, ears)
9
Which of the following best describes sensory memory?
Very long duration, very small capacity
Very short duration, very large capacity,
10
Perception is influenced in two directions - bottom-up and top-down. What is the top-down?
Prior knowledge/expectations/context
Sensory info
11
When we move our attentional spotlight, we can search for specific things/people
True-We sense all thing/people but have to perceive to "see"
False-We "see" all the things we sense
12
Which part of the human eye is this?
Retina
Iris
Fovea
Optic Nerve
13
Intelligence=ability to understand complex ideas, adapt to environment & learn from experience
True - it is also engaging in forms of reasoning
False - it is based on your Intellectual Quotient (IQ)
14
Someone with anterograde amnesia has a normal working memory
False
True
15
Environment affects intelligence within the range set up by our genes.
True - this is known as Reaction Range
False - that is known as naturalistic intelligence
16
Perception is influenced in two directions - bottom-up and top-down. What is the bottom-up?
Sensory info
Prior knowledge/expectations/context
17
Individual who can make and produce meaning from types of sounds
Musical
Bodily/Kinesthetic
Spatial
Linguistic
18
What is a false memory?
Can be induced by hearing similar words, stories
A fabricated or distorted recollection of an event
None of the above
All of the above
19
To answer short answer questions, you must read, understand, go into long term memory & recall
True - this is one way of measuring memory
False
20
What is extinction?
A thing or event evoking specific reaction
General exposure paired with relaxation
The conditioned response & association going away over time
Distinguishing conditioned stimulus from similar stimuli
21
Who came up with the 8 multiple intelligences ?
Frued
Piaget
Vygotsky
Gardner
22
Intelligence refers to ability to make calculations, develop equations & solve abstract problem
Spatial
Musical
Linguistic
Logical/Mathematical
23
In the serial position effect, when does the recency effect happen?
The end
The middle
The beginning
24
What is perception?
Our sensory organs reacting to sensory info (eyes, ears)
Turning sensory information into neural impulses
How our brain interprets signals sent from sensory organs
When we become less sensitive to constant stimulus
25
In the serial position effect, when does the primacy effect happen?
The end
The beginning
The middle
26
Using a person's own body to solve problems or create products
Naturalistic
Bodily/Kinesthetic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
27
What is anterograde amnesia?
Not being able to form new long-term explicit memories
Losing explicit memories from before surgery/incident
Only being able to form new long-term implicit memories
Remembering memories up to point of incident
28
Ability to identify & distinguish between different types of things found in the natural world
Naturalistic
Bodily/Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
29
Which of these are examples of primary reinforcers?
Fulfill a need for survival - food, water, sleep
Fulfill wants - money, praise, good grades
30
What is declarative (Explicit) memory?
Memory you can not describe in words but can do, like walk
Memories you can describe in words - with facts
31
What is non-declarative memory (Implicit) ?
Memory you can not describe in words but can do, like walk
Memories you can describe in words - with facts
32
Declarative(Explicit) memory breaks down into Episodic & Semantic memory. Episodic memories ...
Are facts, definitions, etc.
Are events, stories, episodes, etc.
33
What is a salient item?
Something unique or different capturing attention
An individual item, article or unit
A mixture of salt and water
Iteam required for use by more than one activity
34
What is systematic desensitization?
Gradual exposure paired with relaxation
The conditioned response & association going away over time
A thing or event evoking specific reaction
Distinguishing conditioned stimulus from similar stimuli
35
What is negative reinforcement?
Taking something "bad" away
Lifting being "grounded" because you did housework
The removal of punishment
All of above
36
In order to perceive something with your brain, you have to pay attention to it
True
False
37
Sensation is limited
False
True
38
Perception does not require attention
True
False
39
When we study, we should do so in smaller intervals with breaks. Why is this?
Chunking - we process chunks of information better
Serial Position Effect - we remember first heard, last heard
40
Long-term Memory also gives info to our working memory to help in current problem solving
False
True
41
Why did some students saw an old lady, while others saw a young woman?
Based on age
Based on past experience
Based on cheating
Based on previous knowledge provided
42
Which behaviourist was known for Classical Conditioning?
Maslow
Freud
Pavlov
Piaget
43
When you insert someone into a story, what is that called?
Anterograde Amnesia
Semantic Network Failure
Retrograde Amnesia
Source Memory Failure-Remember the story, not the source
44
Which part of the human eye is this?
Retina
Optic Nerve
Iris
Fovea
45
Our olfactory sense is our sense of smell, which affects our perception of taste
True
False
46
Cones are organized into three classes - Red/Green, Blue/Yellow, Black/White
False - your brain processes each color individually
True - this explains opponent-process theory
47
Which part of the human eye is this?
Iris
Retina
Optic Nerve
Fovea
48
Which are an example of an episodic memory?
Recalling the capital of Canada being Ottawa
Recalling your mom's phone number
Recalling your trip to Toronto three months ago
Recalling your drive to work this morning
49
In the experiment with Pavlov's dog, what is the conditioned response?
The tone created with the fork
The salivation of the dog
50
Why is the following number sequence easier to remember? 15199722727
Because of chunking
Because it has a lot of the same numbers
Because it's a phone number we all know
Because I'm amazing
51
What is an insightful solution?
Mechanical solutions, step-by-tep guaranteed solutions
Usually works, sometimes exceptions, "Rule of thumb"
Failure to use objects in novel ways to solve problems
Insightful solutions, working backwards
52
Ability to recognize and understand people's desires, intentions, moods, and motivations
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Bodily/Kinesthetic
Naturalistic
53
Which part of the human eye is this?
Pupil
Lens
Retina
Iris
54
What is transduction?
Turning sensory information into neural impulses
When we become less sensitive to constant stimulus
Our sensory organs reacting to sensory info (eyes, ears)
How our brain interprets signals sent from sensory organs
55
Which are an example of an semantic memory?
Recalling your drive to work this morning
Recalling your mom's phone number
Recalling the capital of Canada being Ottawa
Recalling your trip to Toronto three months ago
56
What determines whether information is lost, or sent to short-term memory?
Retrieval
Transfer
Attention
Rehearsal
57
Our working, or short term, memory (STM) temporarily holds & processes information
True -this is used in perception, planning & problem solving
False - Short term memory lasts for exactly 3 hours
58
What is a semantic network?
Memories linked in the brain
Facts or things
Concepts organized by associations
59
Which of the following are in the correct order
Attention > Perception > Sensation
Perception > Sensation > Attention
Sensation > Attention > Perception
Attention > Sensation > Perception
60
Someone with anterograde amnesia could learn to play guitar through forming implicit memories
False
True
61
What is inattentional blindness?
Notice taken of someone or something
Total distraction - like the gorilla in the video
The process of recognizing and interpreting sensory stimuli
Failure to perceive because we haven’t paid attention to it
62
How would you reinforce the rat pushing the lever to get food, but with negative reinforcement?
When the rat pulls the lever, food comes out
None of the above
Having constant shocks until the rat pushes the lever
When the rat touches the lever, he gets shocked
63
We remember details of events better when emotions are tied to them. What is this known as?
Honest memories
Episodic memories
Semantic memories
Flashbulb memories
64
Engaging in conversation & relating to your life allows you to process info quicker & forget it
False - The deeper you process, the more traces you leave
True - The faster you process the faster you forget
65
What was Skinner's theory about Operant Conditioning?
Application of scientific principles to business management
A thing that rouses activity or energy in someone
A reaction or response to an object or thing
Conditioning voluntary response w/punishment/reinforcement
66
What is a culture-fair test
Testing based on culture background
Testing done at fairs and carnivals
None of the above
Unbiased testing
67
Rods and Cones are types of cells in the human eye. Which of the following describes Cones?
Not active in low light, 6million, color sensitive
Highly sensitive to light, 120million, not color sensitive
68
Our eyes take in light, but are only sensitive to a small band of the electromagnetic spectrum
False - we can see all things on the light spectrum
True - that's why we can't see XRays, UV, Radio waves, etc.
69
In the experiment with Pavlov's dog, what is the conditioned stimulus?
The salivation of the dog
The tone created with the fork
70
Declarative(Explicit) memory breaks down into Episodic & Semantic memory. Semantic memories ...
Are facts, definitions, etc.
Are events, stories, episodes, etc.
71
Which part of the human eye is this?
Pupil
Lens
Cornea
Iris
72
Which part of the eye is the centre of vision & has a high concentration of mostly cone cells
Fovea
Lens
Pupil
Optic Nerve
73
What is retrograde amnesia?
Not being able to form new long-term implicit memories
Losing explicit memories from before surgery/incident
Not being able to form new long-term explicit memories
Remembering memories up to point of incident
74
An unconditioned stimulus is a loud bang, the unconditioned response is the fear of the bang.
True
False
75
Ability to assess and recognize people that share the same characteristics as themselves.
Naturalistic
Interpersonal
Bodily/Kinesthetic
Intrapersonal
76
What is a stimulus generalization?
Distinguishing conditioned stimulus from similar stimuli
General exposure paired with relaxation
Having a CR to similar things(white rats, white rabbits)
A thing or event evoking specific reaction
77
Individual who can analyze information & produce written/verbal interpretation of the info
Linguistic
Musical
Bodily/Kinesthetic
Spatial
78
Non-Declarative (implicit) memory are motor skills and habits that are implied
False - they are memories made-up by your brain
True - playing a musical instrument, unlocking a fussy lock
79
Sternberg's Theory argued you had to measure intelligence by looking at ....
Creative Brain (Novel Thinking/Problem Solving)
Analytical brain (Traditional IQ Tests)
Practical Brain (Intelligence in Context/Street Smarts)
All of the Above
80
What is an Algorithm?
Mechanical solutions, step-by-tep guaranteed solutions
Usually works, sometimes exceptions, "Rule of thumb"
Insightful solutions, working backwards
Failure to use objects in novel ways to solve problems
81
What is a behaviourist?
Those who study/observe behaviour from specific perspectives
An expert or specialist in psychology
Someone who diagnoses and treats hormone disorders
A qualified medical professional and prescriber of medicine
82
What is functional fixedness?
Usually works, sometimes exceptions, "Rule of thumb"
Failure to use objects in novel ways to solve problems
Mechanical solutions, step-by-tep guaranteed solutions
Insightful solutions, working backwards
83
What is a conditioned response (CR)?
An organ or cell's response to light/sound
The reaction to something
A fluid filled gap between neutrons
Response established by training to ordinary stimulus
84
Problem Solving can be done in many ways. Which of the following is NOT one of those ways
Algorithms
Functional Fixedness
Insightful Solutions
Heuristic Strategy
85
Which of the following best describes memory?
Memory is constructive
Memory is fallible
Memory is like a video camera
Memory is 100% accurate 100% of the time
86
What is sensation?
Our sensory organs reacting to sensory info (eyes, ears)
Turning sensory information into neural impulses
How our brain interprets signals sent from sensory organs
When we become less sensitive to constant stimulus
87
Which part of the human eye is this?
Iris
Lens
Retina
Pupil
88
Multiple choice questions don't measure short term memory at all
True - the answer is sitting in front of you
False -you have to compare answers based on long term memory
89
Which of these are examples of secondary reinforcers?
Fulfill wants - money, praise, good grades
Fulfill a need for survival - food, water, sleep

Psychology Test #2 Flashcards | StudBud