Which of the following is not involved in the HPA axis?

All answers are involved in the HPA axis

Which of the following is not true about health disparities?

Racial and ethnic disparities in health are not linked to increased stress

How we combine words into sentences.

drugs that mimic neurottransmitters in the brain

What is the best description of someone with a Dependent personality disorder?

submissiveness and excessive need to be taken care of

A: Medications that increase serotonin turnover in the brain with fewer side effects.

Q: What are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?

end of childhood and point when reproduction is possible

any external agent that can harm an embryo or fetus

A: It involves applying rapid pulses of magnetic stimulation to the brain from a coil held near the scalp.

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

What is vicarious reinforcement?

Observing someone being reinforced for behavior and copying behavior

What effect does group polarization have on groups?

It causes the group to form more extreme views

The holding of information in the brain through mental repetition

What is the trichromatic theory?

That there are three types of cones, red, blue, and green

What is Internal Validity?

Ability to rule out alternate explanations

What is the best description of what happens during secondary appraisal?

evaluate our coping options and resources

Which is the best example of Chronic Stress?

Caring for a chronically ill family member for years

All of the following are physical disadvantages of getting older EXCEPT:

Reduced crystalized intelligence

What is transduction?

Transforming signals into neural impulses

What is proprioception?

Awareness of your body's position in space

Which of the following advantages is NOT a specific advantage of Group Therapy?

Being fully present by observing their thoughts, feelings, and sensations

The primary function of the olfactory bulb is to:

Send information to the primary olfactory cortex

Spontaneous recovery is

The sudden return of a response that has been extinguished

Which of these is NOT TRUE of case study methodology?

Case studies can be easily generalized to the wider population

All of the following are part of the ABCs of operant conditioning EXCEPT

The stimuli that already have a learned response.

What is a scientific Theory?

well-developed set of ideas that propose explanation for observed phenomena

What is an example of flashbulb memory?

Remembering where you were when 9 11 happened

Which is the best example of the Premack Principle?

You can see your friends, if you do your homework.

Persuasion means... (you can pick more than 1 answer)

An attempt to influence a person's behaviors, attitudes, or intentions, The act of convincing someone to do or believe something

Bob lost his job. An example of problem-focused coping would be

updating his resume and applying for new jobs.

A: Reduce prejudice through interactions w/ members of different groups working together as equals toward a common goal.

Q: What is the contact hypothesis?

What would be an example of normative social influence?

Billy shaves his head to fit the new "going bald" fad.

Which of the following is true about Electroconvulsive Therapy?

It is only used in very extreme cases of depression.

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Psych 202 Final Exam ALL Quizs Spring 2021 Flashcards | StudBud

Psych 202 Final Exam ALL Quizs Spring 2021

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Questions 471

Answers

1
The stage of general adaptation syndrome consisting of an increase in physiological arousal is
alarm.
exhaustion.
combat preparation.
resistance.
2
Which of the following is not involved in the HPA axis?
All answers are involved in the HPA axis
Cortisol
ACTH
Pituitary gland
3
Which of the following is not true about health disparities?
Early and prolonged stress changes someone's response to stress
Higher socioeconomic status (SES) is related to better health outcomes
Perceived social status is related to general health outcomes
Racial and ethnic disparities in health are not linked to increased stress
4
What is Syntax?
The meaning of a sentence
How we combine words into sentences.
The study of how syllables make up words.
A tax payable for sentences that are incomprehensible.
5
What is an agonist ?
neurotransmitters in the brain
drugs that mimic neurottransmitters in the brain
drugs that block neurotransmitters in the brain
drugs that release endogenous endorphins
6
What is the best description of someone with a Dependent personality disorder?
submissiveness and excessive need to be taken care of
intense interest in being orderly, having control, and perfection
excessive emotions and seeks attention
distrust, others are evil
7
A: Medications that increase serotonin turnover in the brain with fewer side effects.
Q: What are typical antidepressants?
Q: What are atypical antipsychotics?
Q: What are typical antipsychotics?
Q: What are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?
8
What is puberty ?
beginning of adulthood and few significant changes happen
beginning of adulthood marked by egocentricism
end of childhood and point when reproduction is possible
end of childhood when you have problems with emotional regulation
9
A: Three types of dysfunctional beliefs related to oneself, the world, and the future.
Q: What is the negative triad?
Q: What is cognitive restructuring?
Q: What is Gestalt therapy?
Q: What is rational emotive behavioral therapy?
10
What are teratogens?
a one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and egg
structures that allow oxygen & nutrients to pass to fetus
a collection of congenital problems associated with alcohol
any external agent that can harm an embryo or fetus
11
A: It involves applying rapid pulses of magnetic stimulation to the brain from a coil held near the scalp.
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
vagal nerve stimulation
deep brain stimulation
electroconvulsive therapy
12
What is vicarious reinforcement?
Observing someone being reinforced for behavior and copying behavior
Learning by observing another person's behaviors
Copying what someone else does
Observing someone being punished for behavior and not copying behavior
13
How does the charge inside the neuron change when it fires?
positive to negative
negative to more negative
positive to more positive
negative to positive
14
What effect does group polarization have on groups?
It has little effect on the views of the group
It causes the group to form more extreme views
It causes groups to have more moderate views
It causes the members of the group to act more moderately
15
Delusion or halluciation? Believing someone is watching you
hallucination
delusion
16
What is rehearsal?
The holding of information in the brain through mental repetition
The process of storing information in the brain for later use
A temporary storage container that holds information for about 30 seconds
The process of getting information into the brain for processing
17
What is the trichromatic theory?
That there are three types of cones, red, blue, and green
The sensory receptors come in pairs
Different hairs vibrate in cochlea
Images are left behind after previous perceptions
18
What is Internal Validity?
When the research looks like it is doing what it claims to
The need to generalize beyond the context it was carried out
Ability to rule out alternate explanations
Measures in a valid study are compared to the study
19
The best example of an acute stressor is...
relationship changes like break up or marriage
caring for a chronically ill person
spending 4 years in college
a bear tries to attack you
20
What is the best description of what happens during secondary appraisal?
determine the extent to which additional resources are needed
focusing on how we change the problem
evaluate our coping options and resources
how to deal with our emotions from the stressful situation
21
Which is the best example of Chronic Stress?
Exam 3 in Introduction to Psychology
You cannot find your keys
A car accident where no one is seriously injured
Caring for a chronically ill family member for years
22
All of the following are physical disadvantages of getting older EXCEPT:
Reduced reaction time
Reduced cardiac output
Reduced sensory acuity
Reduced crystalized intelligence
23
What is transduction?
The stimulation of the senses
Sensory stimulation without perception
Making sense of the outside world
Transforming signals into neural impulses
24
What is the main function of an inter neuron?
receive impulses from senses
sends impulses to muscles
carries nerve impulses
remove waste, debris, and excessive neurotransmitters
25
People who report having a larger and more supportive social network have all of the following EXCEPT
Stronger immune systems
More stress hormones
Increased lifespans
Lower blood pressure
26
What is chronic stress?
large amount of stress
long term stress
a disease from stress
short term stress
27
What is proprioception?
How strong you are
How mentally quick you are
How flexible you are
Awareness of your body's position in space
28
If I claim that all therapies work equally on all disorders, this is called __.
the dodo bird verdict
a meta-analysis
a double blind study
an empirically supported treatment
29
Which of the following advantages is NOT a specific advantage of Group Therapy?
A sense of group belonging, support, and encouragement
More clients can be accommodated by a limited number of therapists.
Being fully present by observing their thoughts, feelings, and sensations
Allows therapists to observe & treat problems that emerge in group settings
30
If someone has Generalized Anxiety Disorder, what medication would they most likely be given?
benzodiazepine
mood stabilizer
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
lithium carbonate
31
In continuous reinforcement, the response is rewarded for the desired behavior....
every 5 minutes
randomly reward the behavior
every behavior
every 5 behaviors
32
A: Characteristics that describe who a person is and explain how they typically behave. Q: What are __ ?
central traits
cardinal traits
traits
secondary traits
33
What is an example of crystallized intelligence?
problem solving
knowledge on a subject
acquiring new skills
solving a puzzle
34
The primary function of the olfactory bulb is to:
Stimulate your appetite when you're hungry
Send information to the primary olfactory cortex
Detect the presence of an odor in the air
Decode the smell information from the glomeruli
35
What is the idea that physical properties of an object remain constant despite superficial changes in object’s shape?
conservation
operation
abstract reasoning
symbolic representation
36
Spontaneous recovery is
The sudden return of a response that has been extinguished
Gaining knowledge of a situation after it has occured
The process of retrieving information from the brain
The tendency to forgo rewards spontaneously
37
All of the following are tips for successful learning EXCEPT:
Increase stress
Test yourself
Study often
Use retrieval cues
38
True or False: Drugs cure psychological disorders and control the symptoms.
False
True
39
Which of these is NOT TRUE of case study methodology?
Case studies allow for a rich data set because single individual is studied
Case studies usually involve studying individuals who are rare/unusual
Case studies allow new theories to be formulated
Case studies can be easily generalized to the wider population
40
All of the following are part of the ABCs of operant conditioning EXCEPT
The voluntary action that takes place.
The stimuli that increases or decreases likelihood of repeating behavior.
The stimuli that precede the behavior and signal the consequence.
The stimuli that already have a learned response.
41
The most common anxiety disorder that involves exaggerated worry about life.
generalized anxiety disorder
panic disorder
obsessive compulsive disorder
specific phobia
42
What is a scientific Theory?
description of a specific relation of real world conditions
measurements and data in support of a scientific explanation
a testable prediction about how the world will behave
well-developed set of ideas that propose explanation for observed phenomena
43
If I compare 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 year olds, what research design am I using?
Sequential
Experimental
Longitudinal
Cross sectional
44
What is an example of flashbulb memory?
Remembering a flashbulb
Remembering something suddenly
Remembering that Sean is the most likeable harrison
Remembering where you were when 9 11 happened
45
Which is the best example of the Premack Principle?
You can see your friends, if you do your homework.
You can have a cupcake, if you eat your dinner.
You can play outside, if you play video games.
You can only have a candy bar, if you drink a soda.
46
Persuasion means... (you can pick more than 1 answer)
An attempt to influence a person's behaviors, attitudes, or intentions
Forcing someone to do or believe in something
The act of using coercion to force others to do something
The act of convincing someone to do or believe something
47
Bob lost his job. An example of problem-focused coping would be
ignoring the problem and wishing it is all a dream.
updating his resume and applying for new jobs.
meeting a mate at a pub to have a drink.
catching up with a friend and venting about the situation.
48
A: Reduce prejudice through interactions w/ members of different groups working together as equals toward a common goal.
Q: What is realistic group conflict theory?
Q: What is social identity theory?
Q: What is symbolic racism?
Q: What is the contact hypothesis?
49
Echoic Memory holds ...
sounds for a very long time
images for a very long time
images for a very short time
sounds for a very short time
50
What would be an example of normative social influence?
Todd let the group answer "A" because they had all agreed.
Maddy asks around to confirm her answer with her friends.
Tina looks around the room to see if others answered like her.
Billy shaves his head to fit the new "going bald" fad.
51
Which of the following is true about Electroconvulsive Therapy?
There are no negative side effects.
It is often the first form of treatment utilized.
There is no risk to the patient.
It is only used in very extreme cases of depression.
52
How do researchers help participants maintain autonomy?
By having participants read and sign a consent form
Conduct the research on one portion of society
By ensuring low risk and high reward
Debrief the participant and answer their questions
53
A key finding of Zimbardo's Prison Experiment is that:
Power can be used to influence someone else's behaviour.
Status ca be used to influence someone else's behavior.
All people behave the way the Zimbardo wanted them to.
Role expectations can lead people 2 behave different from norm
54
________ are released into the _______ to send a signal from one neuron to another.
messages; axon
synaptic vesicles; terminal button
neurotransmitters; synapse
dendrites; myelin sheath
55
What does resilience mean?
Tendency to get along with other people
Tendency to think positively
Having high levels of stress
Willing to try new things
56
Those with a fixed mindset ______.
embrace challenges
learn from others' success
give up easily.
try to improve
57
Operant conditioning is learning through ______
watching others
pairing stimuli
consequences
experience
58
Which part of a neuron is damaged in multiple sclerosis?
axon
Myelin sheathing
Cell body
Dendrite
59
What is a zygote?
Semen
A baby
Diploid cell formed after fertilization
Ovum
60
Motor skills develop according to which 2 general rules? (Pick 2)
from the limbs to the center of the body
from the torso to the feet and the head
from the center of the body outwards
from the head to the feet
61
What is an authoritarian parent?
Gives little little direction lax on obedience
Rigid highly punitive demanding obedience
Emotionally detached and unloving
Firm but fair tries to explain parental decisions
62
One major difference between humanist and behavioral therapy is
A humanist therapist focuses more on empathy
A behavioral therapist offers medicine
Behaviorists focus on childhood
A Humanist therapist uncovers unconscious conflict
63
All of the following are the criteria for causation EXCEPT
No reasonable alternative explanations
One variable must precede the other
A large, representative sample
Two variables must be correlated
64
What is a stereotype threat?
A stereotype that has a positive effect on people
The positive use of stereotypes in the classroom
Stereotypes that threaten others
Unconscious, stereotype knowledge that hinders performance
65
What does the 'correlation co-efficient' tell us?
Gives the margin of error of a test
Tells how accurate a test is
Tells the strength of the relationship between 2 variables
It gives us qualitative data
66
A: Personality guides cognition about world shaping ppl's environments, reinforcing/amplifying personality. Q: What is_?
gene X environment interactions
social learning theory
reciprocal determinism
person X situation interactions
67
If the axon of a neuron does not work, what happens to the neuron.
it will not insulate the dendrites and can cause cell death
it cannot receive messages but it can send messages
it can send messages but cannot release neurotransmitters
it can receive messages but it cannot send messages
68
Learning ...
always produces an improvement in behavior
gets easier as people get older
is a change in behavior from past experience
requires the ability to think abstractly
69
Random assignment is
The group that does not receive treatment
Grouping a sample into two groups
Assigning participants 2 different conditions without bias
The group that receives the treatment
70
The apparent cause and development of some anxiety disorders seems to be
stress.
biological.
cognitive.
all of these.
71
What does the MEG measure?
internal structures of brain
metabolization of glucose
magnetic fields generated by brain's electrical currents
a bold oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal
72
If I take a a sugar pill that I believe is an antidepressant and I feel less depressed, this is known as ___ ?
the placebo effect
mindfulness
third wave therapy
cognitive-behavioral therapy
73
What is the study of how the interactions between your genes and the environment regulate gene expression?
Gene × environment interactions
Differential sensitivities hypothesis
Epigenetics
Diathesis-Stress model
74
If you learned that there was a pop quiz that you prepared for, what do you experience?
challenge reactivity
chronic stress
threat reactivity
fight-or-flight response
75
Fear of Snakes. Therapy? Exposing someone gradually to pictures of snakes, rubber snakes, and eventually live snakes.
What is experiential therapy?
What is motivational interviewing?
What is a token economy?
What are exposure techniques?
76
Bob lost his job. An example of problem-focused coping would be
catching up with a friend and venting about the situation.
ignoring the problem and wishing it is all a dream.
updating his resume and applying for new jobs.
meeting a mate at a pub to have a drink.
77
The neural tube will become the:
backbone, legs, and arms
reproductive organs
intestinal tract
brain and spinal cord
78
___ is using existing schemas to interpret new experiences; but, ___ is revising schemas to incorporate new information.
accommodation; assimilation
preoperational; sensorimotor
assimilation; accommodation
sensorimotor; preoperational
79
The best example of confirmation bias is...
someone who deliberately answers a questionnaire falsely
a person who is miserable but still tries to smile
refusing to be persuaded by views do not match your own
your FB feed where the news article support your views
80
The fovea is made up of__________.
all rods and no cones
mostly rods with some cones
all cones and no rods
mostly cones with some rods
81
You helped your friend move last weekend because he help you fix your car a couple of weeks ago. This is known as _ .
social loafing
diffusion of responsibility
bystander effect
norm of reciprocity
82
Fact or Opinion: Dendrite is a Greek word that means "tree".
Fact
Opinion
83
What does chunking mean?
rehearsing the information over and over
grouping information together into smaller groups to increase memory
referring the information to yourself and your life
studying in numerous short sessions rather than one large study session
84
All the following are ethical concerns for the Tuskegee Syphilis Study EXCEPT:
the national press drew attention to the study
no informed consent
more damage was done than the benefit in knowledge
vaccines were withheld
85
Which is the best example of implementation intention that fosters a healthy lifestyle?
If I have a donut for breakfast, I must work out.
If I can get someone to do my work, do it.
If I complete all my work, I can reward myself with a donut.
If I see a donut, I can eat one.
86
Which of the following defines the fundamental attribution error?
Underestimate dispositional factors & overestimate situational factors
Underestimate dispositional and situational factors
Overestimate dispositional and situational factors
Overestimate dispositional factors & underestimate situational factors
87
What is a morpheme?
Symbol for letter sounds
most basic unit of speech that has meaning
most basic unit of speech
most basic unit of speech used in a sentence
88
What is an example of crystallized intelligence?
acquiring new skills
having knowledge on a particular subject
problem solving
solving a puzzle
89
A: A clinical improvement not associated with a clinical intervention.
Q: What is a wait-list control condition?
Q: What is a double blind condition?
Q: What is an experimental condition?
Q: What is a spontaneous improvement?
90
Which of the following would a psychologist study?
The genetic link between prenatal smoking and ADHD
The way that the human mind influences behavior
The evolution of human beings
The impact of one social group on another social group
91
A: It represents the internalized cultural rules and ideals that guide our moral conscience Q: What is the __?
id
None of the answers are correct
ego
superego
92
After taking the exam, Jeff was certain he got 100% but he really got 65%. This is an example of ...
confirmation bias
belief perseverance
hindsight bias
overconfidence bias
93
Which is not a characteristic of a hypothesis?
Falsifiable
Capable of being tested
Consistent with well established facts
You think you are right
94
If you came into class and learned that there was a pop quiz which causes stress, what activates first?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic-adreno-medullary (SAM) axis
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
The thalamus
95
Retrieval is best when the present context recreates the context in which information was initially encoded.
encoding specificity
recognition
state dependent retrieval
mood dependent retrieval
96
What is the sensorimotor stage?
learning through senses and physical actions.
learning through symbols.
Learning through motor skills.
stage in which children think logically.
97
What is the best example of hindsight bias?
After an accident, Al said, "I knew we were going to get in an accident."
I-knew-it-all-along, I know all the answers
After the test,Cindy said "B is the answer"
Someone's opinion
98
Which of these is an example of the foot-in-the-door technique?
Asking Richard to do a dance because everyone else did a dance
Asking for a large sum of cash, then ask for a smaller sum
Asking for the week off, then ask for 1 day off
Someone asks for directions & then asks you to go with them
99
If I compare 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 year olds, what research design am I using?
Experimental
Longitudinal
Sequential
Cross sectional
100
What brain structure is absolutely critical for staying alive? Hint: it controls breathing and heart rate
reticular formation
cerebellum
brain stem
thalamus
101
If congress passed a law that laws that restrict where Muslim women can wear the hijab, this is an example of __ .
explicit racism
symbolic racism
aversive racism
prejudice
102
Positive or Negative Correlation: As the number of missed classes increases, total points decreases.
Negative
Positive
103
Operant conditioning is learning through ______
consequences
pairing stimuli
watching others
experience
104
What are feature detectors?
Neurons that code for perceptually significant stimuli
Neurons that decipher which visual signals are strongest
Neurons that recognize facial features
Neurons that respond to lines, edges, and angles
105
Alzheimer’s Disease is..
A disorder with mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs
Abnormal cell growth that can grow/spread to other parts of the body
A progressive disease,destroying memory and important mental functions
A disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement
106
According to the Triangular theory of love, what component(s) would "friends with benefits" include?
intimacy
passion
intimacy+passion+commitment
passion+intimacy
107
What is the best description of what happens during secondary appraisal?
how to deal with our emotions from the stressful situation
determine the extent to which additional resources are needed
evaluate our coping options and resources
focusing on how we change the problem
108
If 2 variables are correlated, what is the third variable problem?
the manipulation (IV) comes after the outcome (DV)
another variable can explain the relationship
a way to establish causation or causal relationships
correlating 3 variables instead of 2
109
What is cognition?
All of these answer options are part of cognition
Thinking
Knowledge and problem solving
Language and decision making
110
According to the reminiscence bump, which event would someone be most likely to remember?
their fourth birthday
learning to walk as a baby
a typical breakfast last week
graduating from college
111
If I examine one group of people for 30 years, what research design am I using?
Longitudinal
Cross sectional
Sequential
Experimental
112
Which branch of psychology focuses on how we interact with and relate to others?
social
clinical
industrial and organizational
health
113
What does it mean if a statistical result is significant?
their study had high reliability
their study had low reliability
their findings are due to chance
their findings are not due to chance
114
what does the temporal lobe do?
it controls vision
it controls hearing
it controls touch
it controls movement
115
What type of operant conditioning (consequence) is a sticker chart?
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Positive reinforcement
Negative punishment
116
What is egocentrism?
Referencing the self prior to thinking about others
The inability to perceive others as important
The inability to take the perspective of another
These are all parts of egocetrism
117
What is the tip of tongue phenomenon?
having more than 1 answer at a time
failing to retrieve a word from memory
losing access to all past memory
inability to form new memories
118
Which sentence contains an overregularization error?
“I singed a song today.”
“She no want to go.”
“We eats dinner now.”
“He pet the dog black.”
119
Which of the following describes the avoidant attachment?
Upset when mom leaves, easily calmed on return
Confused, fearful, dazed – result of abuse
Actively avoids mom, doesn’t care when she leaves
Actively avoids mom, freaks out when she leaves
120
Memory is located in specific brain regions. What type of memory is the cerebellum associated with?
declarative, episodic and recognition
fear and fear memories
procedural memories
remembering semantic tasks
121
What does the EEG scan measure?
metabolization of glucose
a bold oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal
electrical activity in the brain
internal structures of brain
122
An aptitude test is a test of
your skills and interests.
your problem solving abilities.
how much you have learned.
your intelligence.
123
All of the following are predictors of who you will form friendships with EXCEPT:
similar attitudes
similar interests
proximity
similar parents
124
Which imaging technique best measures neural activity in real time.
TMS
PET
EEG
MRI
125
What does the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders help with?
Explaining potential cures and symptoms of disorders
Identifying cures for psychological disorders
Identifying disorders and symptoms associated with them
Helps identify the cause of the disorders
126
The neurotransmitter Glutamate is responsible for:
mood regulation
excitation of neurons
inhibition of neurons
reward system
127
Chanti’s psychological functioning is evaluated to determine if a clinical diagnosis is warranted. Chanti is receiving _
a clinical assessment
a clinical interview
a self-report test
a projective test
128
Leftover neurotransmitters are cleared by all mechanisms EXCEPT
Repolarization
Degradation
Diffusion
Reuptake
129
What are the behavioral effects of serotonin?
Increased learning, enhanced memory
Modulated mood, suppressed appetite
Increased pleasure, suppressed appetite
Increased arousal, suppressed appetite
130
Latent learning occurs ...
withouteither incentive or any clear motivation to learn
when we suddenly realize how to do something
when we observe another person experience consequences for their behavior
A permanent and lasting change in behavior from experience
131
Which of the following is not involved in the HPA axis?
Cortisol
Pituitary gland
ACTH
All answers are involved in the HPA axis
132
Bounded rationality is the idea that ...
irrational decisions bound by our environments
rational decisions made on a cost-benefit basis
sudden decisions that are made without conscious oversight
rational decision making is constrained by limitations
133
The capability to think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, reason, plan, solve problems, and learn from experience.
Crystalized intelligence
General intelligence (g)
Intelligence
Fluid intelligence
134
What is a concordance rate?
Likelihood of siblings having same traits
Likelihood of siblings having different traits
Likelihood of twins having different traits
Likelihood of twins having same trait
135
What is attachment?
a short, temporary bond between an infant and a caregiver
a strong, enduring, emotional bond between an infant and a caregiver
a transient, enduring bond between infant and caregiver
imprinting on the the first moving object an organism sees
136
What is the BEST example of a mental set?
Christmas occurring each year
a doctor seeing similar symptoms but making different diagnoses
not studying for a test, getting a 99%, and never studying again
Doing what another person does
137
A: A condition (group) where patients receive delayed treatment rather than no treatment.
Q: What is an experimental condition?
Q: What is a wait-list control condition?
Q: What is a double blind condition?
Q: What is a spontaneous improvement?
138
How does physical exercise and exposure to nature NOT help treat psychological disorders?
increasing physical exercise can reduce negative psychological symptoms
high levels of exercise are associated with high levels of symptoms
there are benefits to green exercise (outdoor physical exercise)
easy access to green space is associated w/ greater well-being &less stress
139
What does the retina do?
protects the eye
allows light into the eye
transduction
focuses light
140
Which part of a neuron is damaged in multiple sclerosis?
Axon
Cell body
Dendrite
Myelin sheathing
141
Reliability examines how...
consistent the measurements are.
fair the measurements are.
unfair the measurements are.
inconsistent the measurements are.
142
What is the best example of hindsight bias?
I-knew-it-all-along, I know all the answers
After the test,Cindy said "B is the answer"
Someone's opinion about the past
After an accident, Al said, "I knew we were going to get in an accident."
143
All of the following are characteristics of Down syndrome EXCEPT:
increased risk for health problems
strong emotional reactivity
delays in motor development
intellectual disabilities
144
A storage level of memory that holds sensory information on the order of milliseconds to seconds.
short-term memory
sensory memory
long-term memory
procedural memory
145
What are feature detectors?
Neurons that decipher which visual signals are strongest
Neurons that recognize facial features
Neurons that respond to lines, edges, and angles
Neurons that code for perceptually significant stimuli
146
Construct validity is important because
it tells you whether the results generalize to other populations
it measures if the tool will produce the same measurement
it tells you how important and impactful your results are
it measures how well variables were operationalized and manipulated
147
What best describes the sociometer theory?
How much fun we are when we got to a party with friends
Feelings related to our family and how we connect to others
How emotionally intelligent we are in comparison to others
Feelings of self-esteem evolved to monitor the degree that we are accepted
148
Which of the following predicts the types of relationships you form as an adult?
both answers are correct
parenting style
attachment style
neither answer is correct
149
Which Parenting Style is this?
Permissive
Authoritative
Disengaged
Authoritarian
150
Vicarious punishment occurs when
Observing someone receivepositive consequences for behavior and copying
Learning by observing another person's behaviors
Observing someone receivenegative consequences for behavior and not copying
Imitating what the model does
151
The Asch Conformity Experiment found that:
people see spatial distance differently
eventually people give in to peer pressure and conform
people have a hard time agreeing
people generally don't change their minds
152
What scan type is best for detecting real time electrical firing of neurons?
CT
EEG
fMRI
PET
153
Are the soccer teams in one school district a population sample?
sample
population
154
If you came into class and learned that there was a pop quiz which causes stress, what activates first?
Sympathetic-adreno-medullary (SAM) axis
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
The thalamus
Parasympathetic nervous system
155
What does a MRI measure?
metabolization of glucose
electrical activity in the brain
a bold oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal
internal structures of brain
156
Fact or Opinion: Autism is caused by vaccines.
Opinion
Fact
157
In taste aversion, what is the conditioned response...
nausea
a bell
food
hunger
158
Define the recency effect.
Information at the start of the list is recalled the best
Information in the middle of the list is recalled the best
None of these answers are correct
Information at the end of the list is recalled the best
159
A set of norms that govern the typical timing of life milestones like marriage, parenthood, and retirement.
internal chronometer
social identity
emerging adulthood
social clock
160
What is interposition?
when parallel lines draw together in the distance
when closer objects partially obstruct distant objects
distant objects have smoother texture
distant objects are less clear/hazy
161
Finish this phrase: Correlation ...
does not equal causation
helps us understand the world
shows differences in data
never lies about the facts
162
What is the main idea of the diathesis-stress model?
People vary in their sensitivity to stressors
Too much dieting can create disease
Fear of death can trigger disease
Genes plus major stress can trigger disease
163
What does the cornea do?
Protects and covers the front of the eye
Transduces light into neural impulses
Inverts and focuses the light on the retina
Controls the size of the pupil
164
The stage of general adaptation syndrome consisting of an increase in physiological arousal is
alarm.
exhaustion.
resistance.
combat preparation.
165
Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment showed that kids used
hindsight bias
confirmation bias
observational learning
latent learning
166
Developmental psychology is the study of:
changes in behavior & abilities from conception to death.
language,personality,& emotions of children and adolescents.
the stages of life and the important tasks of each.
the role of maturation in the unfolding of human potential
167
A: Patterns of thought and behavior that make a person react in relatively consistent ways. Q: What is ___?
traits
personality
defense mechanisms
unconscious
168
Nonassociative learning involves a change in the ______ of and response to a _____ stimulus.
magnitude; unpleasant
behavior; pleasant
behavior; repeated
magnitude; repeated
169
Antagonist means:
a measure of the extent of drug absorption
a drug that increases the activity of receptors
a drug that inhibits the activity of receptors
a drug that causes euphoria and pleasant sensations
170
signal detection theory is most closely associated with
sensory adaptation
absolute thresholds
just noticeable difference
transduction
171
Why does the bystander effect occur?
Situation does not look real
Anonymity
Diffusion of Responsibilty
Confidentiality
172
What is the idea that males & females develop distinct personality traits because of different reproductive challenges?
self-determination theory
sexual selection
social learning theory
social role theory
173
What was the major contribution of Harry Harlow's research?
Safety that allows the child to explore the environment
Children become attached to a caregiver who provides a secure base
Children react in 1 of 4 ways to the Strange Situation test
Attachment is not solely by the need for nourishment
174
What happens if the cochlea is damaged?
Increase your hearing.
Lose your hearing.
Decrease your hearing.
Not influence your hearing.
175
What's circled on this neuron?
Cell Body
Myelin sheath
Axon
Dendrites
176
Which of the following is NOT a part of primary appraisal of stress?
If the event is relevant, but not threatening
If the event is stressful
Evaluation of coping resources
If the event is irrelevant
177
What is External Validity?
The extent to which something does what it claims to do
The ability to generalize results beyond the context it was carried out
Ability to rule out alternate explanations
Ability to get the same measurement each time instrument is used
178
Which of the following is NOT a barrier that prevents people from seeking therapy?
the cultural stigma about therapy
lack of physical access to therapy
recognizing a psychological disorder is treatable
lack of financial access to therapy
179
Are the soccer teams in one state a population sample?
population
sample
180
Which is the best example of Chronic Stress?
Exam 3 in Introduction to Psychology
You cannot find your keys
A car accident where no one is seriously injured
Caring for a chronically ill family member for years
181
Why is it important to develop rapport with your therapist or healthcare provider?
rapport is a determinant of successful treatment
rapport has been demonstrated to increase neurotransmitter release
rapport is not important to develop
rapport helps raise the client's self-esteem
182
What is a stereotype threat?
Stereotypes that threaten others
The positive use of stereotypes in the classroom
A stereotype that has a positive effect on people
Unconscious, stereotype knowledge that hinders performance
183
What is plasticity?
The brain's ability to perceive the outside world
The brain's ability to change
The brain's ability to aquire information
The brain's ability to remember
184
Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by:
odd or eccentric ideas and behaviors
distrust in others
seeing things that aren't there
mistrust and suspicion
185
In the general aggression model, all of the following are factors that contribute to acts of aggression.
a history of aggressive actions
triggering events
impulsivity of response
personality
186
What is object permanence?
The child knows how to play with hot wheels
A child can see other peoples viewpoints
A child can successfully stack blocks
A child knows an item exists when it isn't seen
187
What is a prototype?
an abstract representation of all category members
something new that is being tested
representative category members
an representation of an idea in a category
188
what does the parietal lobe do?
it controls movement
it controls vision
it controls hearing
it controls touch
189
A mental shortcut that allows people to efficiently solve problems and make judgments and decisions.
Algorithm
Heuristic
Insight
Restructuring
190
Which are examples of norm violations? (You may select more than 1 answer)
Eating soup with a fork
Invading a stranger's space
Walking into a building with your umbrella open
Talking to yourself in public
191
What is a schema?
a funny word
a self-identity construct
a social construct created to relate information together
a mental construct consisting of a cluster of related concepts
192
Client-centered therapy does not involve which of the following items?
unconditional positive regard
interpreting dreams
genuineness
empathy
193
You have brown eyes. The expression of this trait is due to
natural selection
your phenotype
your genotype
none of the above
194
What is the difference between group polarization and groupthink?
group cohesion; enhancing an opinion within a group
enhancing an opinion within a group; group unanimity
group unanimity; enhancing an opinion within a group
group unanimity; group cohesion
195
Which is the best example of implementation intention that fosters a healthy lifestyle?
When I see a donut, I can eat one.
If I complete all my work, I can reward myself with a donut.
When I drive by the gym, I will stop and work out.
If I can get someone to do my work, do it.
196
which is NOT a mood disorder?
biploar disorder
major depressive disorder
these are all mood disorders
panic disorder
197
What changed as a result of Phineas Gage's accident?
Executive functions
Short term Memory
Long term Memory
Personality
198
All of the following are assumptions of rational emotive behavioral therapy about irrational beliefs EXCEPT?
attitudes
consequences
activating events
beliefs
199
spacing effect
Effects that happen in Space
Repeating information over and over until to stays in LTM
Forgetting what you are saying while you are saying it
Studying over time to yield better long term retention
200
What is egocentrism?
These are all parts of egocetrism
Referencing the self prior to thinking about others
The inability to take the perspective of another
The inability to perceive others as important
201
During Piaget's concrete operational stage children are capable of what?
Thinking logically about concrete events
All the above
Can think about abstract concepts
To think about moral reasoning at an adult level
202
Positive or Negative Correlation: As shoe size increases, math ability increases
Positive
Negative
203
The likelihood of perceiving a stimulus change is proportional to the magnitude of the stimuli
opponent-process theory
absolute threshold
Weber's law
signal detection theory
204
All of the following are examples of Socioemotional stressors EXCEPT:
Recalling a car severe accident
An Intro to Psych exam happening today
Remembering a traumatic event
Worrying about failing your first semester of college
205
Which of the following is characteristic of a psychological disorder not a syndrome?
An expectableresponse to common stressors and losses
A culturally appropriate response to a particular event
Simple deviance from social norms
A disturbance in an individual that is associated with distress
206
Name Design: Ask people to answer a series of questions about political views.
experimental
survey
case study
naturalistic observation
207
The dorsal stream is responsible for _, and the ventral stream is responsible for _.
visual processing; stimulus recognition
stimulus recognition; perceiving movement
stimulus recognition; visual processing
perceiving movement; stimulus recognition
208
A refractory period is ________
The same as the resting potential
The myelin sheathing provides insulation from an impulse
The period when the neuron conducts an impulse
A brief time when a neuron is unable to conduct an impulse
209
The rooting reflex...
causes baby to spread out their toes
causes baby to start sucking an object
causes baby to imitate walking
causes baby to turn cheek towards touch sensation
210
A study with many confounds has
poor construct validity
poor external validity
poor re-test reliability
poor internal validity
211
Episodic memory is...
Long-term memory of personal events
Long-term memory of knowledge
Long-term memory of how to do things
Memory of Doctor Who episodes
212
A storage level of memory where information can be held briefly, from seconds to less than a minute.
long-term memory
sensory memory
declarative memory
short-term memory
213
All of the following are characteristics of Down syndrome EXCEPT:
strong emotional reactivity
increased risk for health problems
delays in motor development
intellectual disabilities
214
If an apple is in the right visual field & a wrench in theleft, what does a split brain person see with their right eye?
both the apple and wrench
neither the apple or wrench
wrench
apple
215
All are forms of positive punishment EXCEPT -
Writing a letter of apology
Spanking
Time out
Getting extra chores
216
Social learning theory is learning social behavior..
when two events co-occur
by observing and imitating
with the help of peers and experts
by the things that happen after a behavior
217
If the axon of a neuron does not work, what happens to the neuron?
it cannot receive messages but it can send messages
it will not insulate the dendrites and can cause cell death
it can send messages but cannot release neurotransmitters
it can receive messages but it cannot send messages
218
If stimulating someone's temporal lobe causes them to hear sounds, this means that
the corpus callosum has been severed
the person is delusional
certain brain regions process specific information
the person has cancer
219
What does the somatosensory cortex do?
It processes tactile information
It processes auditory information
It generates all motor commands for the body
It processes visual information
220
If I analyze Facebook posts for the past 5 years, what type of research is this?
correlational
archival
experimental
observational
221
Opponent process theory _______________
cannot explain afterimages.
states that sensory receptors come in pairs.
there are three types of cones.
states that black and white cannot be seen simultaneously.
222
What form of memory retrieval are you using when answering this multiple-choice question?
relearning
recall
free-recall
recognition
223
What is self-compassion?
Focusing on the present to be happy
Our global evaluation of our self-worth
Potential problems with low self-esteem
Treating ourselves with forgiveness, concern, and acceptance
224
What does the pupil do?
focuses the light
turns light into neural information
covers and protects the eye from the outside world
nothing it's a hole
225
What does the occipital lobe do?
Sight
Touch
Memory
Hearing
226
What does the amygdala do?
Controls your movements.
Helps you make plan actions.
Controls your emotions.
Controls your memory.
227
Which of the following is NOT part of good sleep hygiene?
Waking up at the same time each morning
Using your bed only for sleep or sex
Going to bed at the same time each night
Engage in tasks that involve a lot of mental effort before bed
228
What psychological disorder does Bruce Banner (Hulk)?
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Schizophrenia
Major Depressive Disorder
Dissociative Identity Disorder
229
What can cause Post Traumatic Stress Disorder?
Natural Disasters
Assault or an Accident
All the Above
Military Combat
230
What is Anterograde Amnesia?
Inability to recall old memories after amnesia occurs.
Inability to create new memories after amnesia occurred.
Inability to retrieve encoded information.
Inability to direct attention and focus on relevant information
231
The medulla oblongata
relays visual and auditory info to the thalamus
regulates breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure
regulates sleep cycles
regulates balance and fine motor movements
232
____ are recurrent unwanted or disturbing thoughts.
Phobias
Obsessions
Compulsions
None of these
233
Heritability is
the likelihood a difference in a behavior is due to genetics
the genetic reason one individual is different from another
the same from one population to another
how a trait is inherited
234
Who forms beliefs based on systematic observations?
empiricists
everyday people
rationalists
introspectionists
235
In Pavlov's experiment, what is the dog drooling to the bell called
Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
236
Who would study thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions
developmental psychologists
personality psychologists
evolutionary psychologists
cognitive psychologists
237
____ are behavioral urges that temporarily relieve anxiety and are generally senseless rituals.
None of these
Phobias
Obsessions
Compulsions
238
Nonassociative learning involves a change in the ______ of and response to a _____ stimulus.
magnitude; repeated
behavior; repeated
behavior; pleasant
magnitude; unpleasant
239
The best example of an acute stressor is...
caring for a chronically ill person
a bear tries to attack you
spending 4 years in college
relationship changes like break up or marriage
240
What is sensation?
organizing information
detecting and encoding energy from your body
Detecting and encoding energy from your environment
interpreting sensory information
241
What is fluid intelligence?
Your ever changing knowledge
Your use of accumulated knowledge
Knowledge of fluid objects
Your ability to solve abstract problems
242
A: A biological treatment that involves stimulating specific parts of the brain with implanted electrodes.
electroconvulsive therapy
deep brain stimulation
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
vagal nerve stimulation
243
What did the Milgram experiment focus on
intelligence and problem solving
obedience and authority
conformity and norms
altruism and helping others
244
The defense mechanism of denial is..
preventing perception of a painful or threatening reality as it's occurring
redirecting the id's aggression from source to more defenseless targets
seeing others as possessing a disliked trait or feeling
keeping unwanted feelings, thoughts, and memories below consciousness
245
A split brain is caused by a severed...
Corpus Callosum
Cerebral cortex
Medulla
Hypothalamus
246
What would be the behavioral effects of damage to Wernicke's and Broca's areas?
vision problems
speech problem
hearing problems
motor movement problems
247
Retroactive Interference is...
When new memories interfere with recalling older ones
When you cannot form new memories after an accident
When you lose access to old memories after an accident
When older memories interfere with forming new ones
248
Prosopagnosia is defined as...
An inability to recognize familiar and unfamiliar faces
An inability to recognize visually presented objects
A failure to perceive objects
A failure to hear objects
249
The person × situation interactions model posits that to understand and predict behavior, it's necessary to account for
All answer options must be accounted for in this model
the situation people find themselves in
personal dispositions
the interaction between personal dispositions and the situation
250
Operational definition: College success measured by the number of friends you made during college
Good
Bad
251
A: Medications that block dopamine transmission but have enhanced benefits of limiting or eliminating negative symptoms.
Q: What are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?
Q: What are typical antidepressants?
Q: What are atypical antipsychotics?
Q: What are typical antipsychotics?
252
What is neuroplasticity?
The formation of new neurons in the brain
Our brains' ability to adapt by learning new things
The way that new thoughts are formed
Our brains’ ability to reinvent and rewire itself
253
What is a schema?
a social construct created to relate information together
a mental construct consisting of a cluster of related concepts
a funny word
a self-identity construct
254
What is shallow processing?
Only coding for knowledge
Only coding meaning
only coding physical characteristics
coding based on event's meaning and connections to other events
255
Sigmund Freud was responsible for
Establishing behaviorism
Being a gestalt psychologist
Experimenting with introspection
Revolutionizing psychology with his psychoanalytic theory
256
All of these are examples of Growth Mindset except
Challenges make me better
I can always find a way to improve
With more practice it will get easier
I am afraid of making a mistake
257
What is relative size?
large objects are far and small objects are close
parallel lines will convey in the distance
the closer object will partially cover the further object
large objects are close and small objects are far
258
All of these are examples of Growth Mindset except
I am afraid of making a mistake
Challenges make me better
With more practice it will get easier
I can always find a way to improve
259
What is the BEST example of a mental set?
a doctor seeing similar symptoms but making different diagnoses
Doing what another person does
not studying for a test, getting a 99%, and never studying again
Christmas occurring each year
260
Habituation is
when an organism gets use to its new environment when it is moved
when the organism increases their responses to a novel stimulus
when we recover a response becasue a novel stimulus is presented
when an organism decrease its response to a repetitive stimulus
261
Learning ...
is a change in behavior from past experience
always produces an improvement in behavior
requires the ability to think abstractly
gets easier as people get older
262
A person with antisocial personality disorder would most likely...
Cry after shaking someone’s hand
Hide in the closet when a stranger rang the doorbell
Steal someone’s watch at a party
Believe the new neighbor was an evil foreign spy
263
Which value indicates the strongest correlation?
-.97
-.25
.43
.88
264
Whorf’s linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that
Words shape the way people think.
Our linguistic proficiencies influence our social status.
Infancy is a critical period for language development.
All languages share a similar grammar.
265
Coding system of the Phonological Loop
Olfactory
Tactile
Visual
Auditory
266
Which is the best example of cognitive dissonance?
if you think the gym is good for you but don't go to the gym
if you like Muzna because she is pretty
you think sleep is beneficial so you get 8 hours of sleep each night
if you like chocolate but you also think pizza is better
267
Which of the following examples is the BEST example of major depressive disorder?
Jess feels depressed for more than 2 weeks for no reason
Sasha feels sad during winter and happy during summer
Joe breaks up with his girlfriend, who cries in her room for 1 week
KC gets kicked out of a club, so she feels down and dejected
268
If stimulating someone's temporal lobe causes them to hear sounds, this means that
certain brain regions process specific information
the corpus callosum has been severed
the person has cancer
the person is delusional
269
How does perceived control over a stressful event influence the effects of stress on a person?
Perceived control does not affect how we feel about stress
A lack of control increases harmful effects of stress.
Control over events increases harmful effects of stress
A lack of control decreases harmful effects of stress
270
Which of the following statements describes someone with Type B personality.
"I anger easily so do not mess with me, buddy."
"I like to think about my past experiences to grow."
"I am going to be number 1 no matter what it takes."
"I need to know what time it is and check my schedule."
271
What is functional fixedness?
a tendency to focus on an object's typical function
presentation of a fact framed from a particular perspective
favoring information that confirms your beliefs
a tendency to approach situations the same way
272
Ricky has a broad mental representation of the person he his such as kind, loving, and a father. This is an example of _
self-determination theory
self-esteem
self-concept
self-actualization
273
According to self-determination theory, well-being&success are achieved when environments support all motivations EXCEPT
relatedness
competence
autonomy
determination
274
Consolidation Definition:
Long lasting increase in neural excitability
Neural changes associated with recent learning are durable.
Loss of memory for events.
Inability to form new memories.
275
What is basilar membrane?
Hair cells in cochela turn vibrations into neural impulses
A structure that vibrates when sound waves hit it
A series of small bones in the middle ear
Detection of dissolved compounds by taste buds in papillae
276
What scan type would be best for detecting tumors?
CT
EEG
fMRI
PET
277
Discrimination is an attitude while prejudice is an action.
True
False
278
Mood disorder alternating between extreme highs and lows
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Panic Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Schizophrenia
279
Why is a therapeutic alliance beneficial?
because it creates a dependent relationship
because it allows therapists to show empathy
because it helps us become self-actualized
because it can help clients gain confience
280
According to Freud, transference is a ___ .
asserting that clinical symptoms arise from unconscious childhood conflicts
patient’s self-censorship or avoidance of certain topics
response to the therapist like a major figure in their own life
psychogenic disorder with a variety of physical and psychological symptoms
281
Narcissism includes
giving to others.
an inflated sense of self-importance.
social consciousness.
the inability to know right from wrong.
282
What is Retrograde Amnesia?
Inability to retrieve encoded information.
Inability to recall old memories after amnesia occurs.
Inability to direct attention and focus on relevant information
Inability to create new memories after amnesia occurred.
283
A researcher examines drug dosage (0 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg) for treating depression. What is the dependent variable?
0 mg
100 mg
depression
drug dose
284
___ is using existing schemas to interpret new experiences; but, ___ is revising schemas to incorporate new information.
accommodation; assimilation
assimilation; accommodation
preoperational; sensorimotor
sensorimotor; preoperational
285
The primary function of the olfactory bulb is to:
Decode the smell information from the glomeruli
Detect the presence of an odor in the air
Stimulate your appetite when you're hungry
Send information to the primary olfactory cortex
286
Sensory adaptation refers to
changes in the shape of the lens as it focuses on objects
diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus
process where stimulus energies are changed into impulses
process of organizing & interpreting sensory information
287
Delusion or hallucination: Seeing a famous actor on a television set that is not on or plugged in
delusion
hallucination
288
Serotonin is associated with what in the brain?
excitation of neurons
mood regulation
reward system
inhibition of neurons
289
In Pavlov's experiment, what is the dog drooling to the food called
Conditioned stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned response
290
Threshold is ____
Chemical messengers that cross synaptic gaps between neurons
Neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres
Base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing rate
The level of stimulation needed to trigger a neural impulse
291
What is the babbling stage?
One-word statements
Two-word statements
Repeated vowel sounds
Repeated consonant-vowel sounds
292
What is transduction?
Sensory stimulation without perception
The stimulation of the senses
Making sense of the outside world
Transforming signals into neural impulses
293
A subjective experience of having one’s attention so focused on an activity that any sense of self-awareness disappears.
Mindfulness
Acceptance
Social support
Flow
294
What is the function of the pinna?
To change mechanical waves into neural impulses
To send information to the brain
To change sound waves into mechanical waves
To funnel sound waves into the middle ear
295
GABA is associated with what in the brain?
reward system
inhibition of neurons
mood regulation
excitation of neurons
296
All of the following describe self-serving biases EXCEPT:
We have unrealistic and self-aggrandizing views of the self.
We attribute good outcomes internally and bad outcomes externally.
We assume that we are better-than-average.
We choose to define traits in ways that favor our strengths.
297
What is it called when an infant starts sucking when their lips are stroked
Sucking reflex
Stepping reflex
Grasping reflex
Rooting reflex
298
Number 2 on this neuron is the...
Axon
Cell body
Myelin sheath
Dendrites
299
The misinformation effect refers to the
the eerie sense that “I've been in this situation before.”
tendency to recall experiences that are consistent mood.
disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall.
incorporation of misleading information into memory.
300
Which is NOT an anxiety disorder?
social phobia
panic disorder
specific phobia
bipolar disorder
301
Associative learning involves:
Learning by watching others
Connecting events together to learn
Working with associates to learn
Learning something by doing it
302
What is a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement?
The ability to see a new use for things
Reinforcing an action after a certain amount of time
Reinforcing an action after it has been done certain times
The inability to see a new use for things
303
What is a stressor?
stress that causes organs to shut down
a large amount of stress
a short term amount of stress
anything that requires you to cope or adapt
304
To understand if CBT can treat depression, I gather all articles on CBT & depression and analyze them. What am I doing?
a meta-analysis
the dodo bird verdict
an empirically supported treatment
a double blind study
305
The species-specific biological predisposition to learn some associations more quickly than other associations.
counterconditioning
prediction error
preparedness
blocking
306
What is the best example of positive symptoms?
withdrawing from friends and family
muted or dulled emotional responses
reductions in speech
seeing or hearing something that is not really there
307
Children who use parents as a secure base from which to explore are said to have .....
Secure Attachment
Avoidant Attachment
Ambivalent Attachment
Disorganized attachment
308
In which Piaget stage do people gain the ability to reason about abstract problems and hypothetical propositions?
Formal operational
Concrete Operational
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
309
What is the biopsychosocial model?
a way of understanding the factors that make people healthy
a way of determining someone's genetic risk factors
a way of treating mental health depending on their factors
telling the difference between mental disorders
310
A: The tendency to overestimate the extent to which other people’s beliefs and attitude are similar to our own.
Q: What is transference?
Q: What is impression management?
Q: What is fundamental attribution error?
Q: What is false consensus?
311
If I examine one group of people for 30 years, what research design am I using?
Experimental
Sequential
Cross sectional
Longitudinal
312
The 3 stages of the Atkinson-Shiffrin information processing memory model are...
Hippocampus, Thalamus, Amygdale
Sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory
Input, Process, output
Semantic memory, declarative memory, procedural memory
313
Which of the following is NOT a beneficial effect of stress?
Satisfies a need for stimulation and challenge
Prepares people so they are less affected by future stress
Promotes positive psychological change
Resistance to physical illness
314
What is Amplitude?
The number of cycles per second of a wave
The maximum extent of a wave
The height of the crests of a wave
The distance between any two consecutive crests
315
A: The percentage of people in a population who will have a given psychological disorder at any point in their lives.
Q: What is comorbidity rate?
Q: What is Concordance rate?
Q: What is Lifetime Prevalence?
Q: What is Point Prevalence?
316
What is dual processing theory?
when we’re making decisions, we use two different systems of thinking
understanding stimuli in a particular, serial order
ability of the brain to simultaneously process incoming stimuli
being able to do to tasks at the same time.
317
Which of the following is NOT considered a component of the triangular theory of love?
Passion
Commitment
Intimacy
Attachment
318
The hippocampus' primary function is what?
memory
emotion
homeostasis
vision
319
Which of the following is a dispositional attribution?
Marissa believes that people in a group share the same ideas
Henry is cut off by a car and assumes the driver is rude
Rudy assumes the role of a "guard" in a social experiment
Teacher's thinks child is acting out in class b/c of divorce
320
To learn appropriate social behavior, Juan watches Jose's social interactions and copies them. This is called ___ .
vicarious reinforcement
contingency management
in vivo exposure
modeling
321
What chemical facilitates bonding in humans?
dopamine
adrenaline
serotonin
oxytocin
322
The best example of confirmation bias is...
refusing to be persuaded by views do not match your own
a person who is miserable but still tries to smile
someone who deliberately answers a questionnaire falsely
your FB feed where the news article support your views
323
Structures called the Ossicles
Cochlea, Semicircular Canals, Eustachian Tube
Outer, Middle, Inner Ear
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup
324
Type of consequence: Your ticketed for speeding so your car is taken away
Negative Punishment
Positive Reinforcement
Positive Punishment
Negative Reinforcement
325
Whorf’s linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that
Words shape the way people think.
Infancy is a critical period for language development.
All languages share a similar grammar.
Our linguistic proficiencies influence our social status.
326
Which of the following describes the avoidant attachment?
Upset when mom leaves, easily calmed on return
Confused, fearful, dazed – result of abuse
Actively avoids mom, freaks out when she leaves
Actively avoids mom, doesn’t care when she leaves
327
A: Explains behavior as a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental influence. Q: What is _?
gene X environment interaction
heritability
Behavioral activation system (BAS)
Behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
328
Sympathetic activity includes
slowed breathing
bronchial constriction
decreased heart rate
pupil dilation
329
How does the charge inside the neuron change when it fires?
negative to positive
negative to more negative
positive to more positive
positive to negative
330
Social loafing is LESS likely to occur when any of the following occur EXCEPT:
Whena task is challenging, interesting, and personally relevant
When everyone must work together to achieve a collective goal
Individualsare held accountable for meeting certain goals
When the group size is small and the group members have clear roles
331
Which of the following is NOT important for maintaining a healthy lifestyle?
exercise
sleep
hygiene
diet
332
Which is a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement?
A varying amount of time elapses between reinforcements
A fixed amount of time elapses between reinforcements
Reinforcement after a varying number of correct responses
Reinforcement is given after a number of correct responses
333
The likelihood of perceiving a stimulus change is proportional to the magnitude of the stimuli
Weber's law
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
opponent-process theory
334
What is repolarization?
Membrane is at resting potential
Membrane potential does not change
Membrane potential sharply increases becoming positive
Membrane potential decreases becoming negative
335
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by
continuous,pervasive, and difficult-to-control anxiety
a loss of contact with reality and a breakdown of mind's normal functions
excited and energetic episodes and depressive episodes, with normal periods
feelings of sadness, emptiness, and anhedonia for at least 2 weeks
336
Name Design: Examine drug dosage (0 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg) for treating depression.
Cross-sectional
Experimental
Case study
Archival
337
A: Our general attitude toward ourselves, and we are motivated to view ourselves positively. Q: What is __ ?
self-serving bias
self-concept
self-efficacy
self-esteem
338
Neurogenesis is the formation of
new neurotransmitters
new memory
new glial cells
new neurons
339
What are mirror neurons?
Neurons that fire when people perform and watch someone perform a behavior
Neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information in the cortex
Neurons that relay information from one neuron to another
Neurons that are different but look like other neurons
340
What does the frontal lobe do?
somatosensory cortex
visual cortext
motor cortex
auditory cortex
341
What type of Locus of Control is demonstrated by the quote in the picture below?
Neither
Internal
External
Both
342
All of the following are part of the ABCs of operant conditioning EXCEPT
The stimuli that increases or decreases likelihood of repeating behavior.
The voluntary action that takes place.
The stimuli that already have a learned response.
The stimuli that precede the behavior and signal the consequence.
343
Which of the following is NOT an executive function?
Organizing new information in your mind
Inhibit distracting thoughts
Ability to hold info actively in mind while performing tasks
Buttoning a coat
344
What is the trichromatic theory?
That there are three types of cones, red, blue, and green
Images are left behind after previous perceptions
Different hairs vibrate in cochlea
The sensory receptors come in pairs
345
Learning to respond to a particular stimulus but not similar stimuli is called_____
generalization
discrimination
acquisition
extinction
346
What is called when a painter realizes their full potential as an artist?
locus of control
outcome efficacy
self-actualization
self-efficacy
347
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
A label you give yourself based on past experience
When you have fulfilled one of your goals
When a person behaves according the the label given to them
Achieving self-actualization and becoming the best person you can
348
What is the belief perseverance?
judging the likelihood of things
not being able to see a problem from a new perspective
the tendency to be more confident than correct
clinging to the initial conceptions after being discredited
349
What is the Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad?
Storage component with capacity of about 4 chunks
Processes information in terms of sound
Coordinates the subsystems & allocates processing resources
Processes visual and spatial information
350
True or False: Neurosurgeons perform lobotomy only as a last resort.
False
True
351
In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus becomes the _____ after conditioning.
Conditioned Stimulus
Conditioned Response
Unconditioned Response
Unconditioned Stimulus
352
What was the major contribution of Harry Harlow's research?
Attachment is not solely by the need for nourishment
Children become attached to a caregiver who provides a secure base
Safety that allows the child to explore the environment
Children react in 1 of 4 ways to the Strange Situation test
353
What type of operant conditioning (consequence) is an alarm clock?
Positive punishment
Negative reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
Negative punishment
354
Which psychological disorder is known for hallucinations?
OCD
Schizophrenia
PTSD
Dissociative identity disorder
355
Dopamine
Drugs release dopamine which tricks the brain into thinking the substance
All of the above
Characteristics of addictive behavior arises from the brain’s reward center
Is released when we enjoy something
356
All of the following are examples of Socioemotional stressors EXCEPT:
An Intro to Psych exam happening today
Worrying about failing your first semester of college
Recalling a car severe accident
Remembering a traumatic event
357
Validity
a clear statement about what students are to learn.
the soundness of your interpretations and uses of results.
making sense of problems and persevering in solving them.
reliability and objectivity
358
The primacy effect is when an individual
Remembers the items in the middle of the list the most.
Remembers the last items in a list the most.
Remembers the first and last items in a list the most.
Remembers the first items in a list the most.
359
__ estimates indicate that about half of personality trait variability is due to genetic factors.
Behavioral
Genetic
Heritability
Statistical
360
How do neurotransmitters move from neuron to neuron?
move across terminal branches
the axon and dendrite are touching so they pass the electrical current
cross the synaptic cleft
attach to mitochondria and flow out of cell
361
Gabe studied for Exam 3 and believes that he can take Exam 3 and get a score of 80% or higher. Gabe ___ .
has an external locus of control
is high in depressive realism
has a high behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
is high in self-efficacy
362
What does the frontal lobe control?
touch
vision
motor movements
hearing
363
Excessive time in the resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome can cause...
An over-inflated sense of self-satisfaction
A rush of adrenaline and the body mobilizes
Improved health outcomes in the long term
Stress related diseases like ulcers or heart conditions
364
what does the temporal lobe do?
it controls touch
it controls movements
it controls vision
it controls hearing
365
Gustation is the sense of:
Balance
Taste
Smell
Hearing
366
What is the sustained activation of many physiological systems in response to frequent or chronic stressors?
resilience
allostatic load
general adaptation syndrome
burnout
367
If you learned that there was a pop quiz that you prepared for, what do you experience?
challenge reactivity
threat reactivity
fight-or-flight response
chronic stress
368
Which is NOT a type of taste bud?
Spicy
Sour
Bitter
Sweet
369
What is Binocular disparity?
different intensities of light seen by the left and right eye
closer objects partially obscure more distant objects
difference in the images seen by the left and right eye
two lines converging in the distance
370
What is is called when you credit your success to dispositional factors and failures to situational factors?
fundamental attribution error
conformity
Asch paradigm
self-serving attribution
371
Which of the following examples demonstrates a social role
the way you expect your teacher to behave
the thing you eat at a social dinner
the things you expect to happen in a restaurant
acting one way in public but privately thinking or feeling something else
372
What debate examines whether behavior and personality traits are determined by internal or external factors?
Stability-Change
Person-Situation
Stage-Continuous
Internal-External
373
What is a language acquisition device?
An innate mechanism for learning language.
A way of learning language.
A way of learning language through sensory experience.
A way of learning language through reinforcement.
374
Which topic would someone studying criminal justice be the most interested in?
Conformity
False memories
Therapy
Obedience
375
Operational definition: College success measured by employment in the field one year after graduation
Good
Bad
376
What is an interdisciplinary field that investigates the links among behavior, cognition, and physical wellness?
Biopsychosocial Psychology
Humanistic Psychology
Health psychology
Cognitive Psychology
377
What type of personality test measures what people are willing and able to describe about themselves?
self-report
projective report
informant report
projective tests
378
The tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the condition stimulus is called_____
generalization
discrimination
extinction
acquisition
379
Construct validity is important because
it measures if the tool will produce the same measurement
it tells you whether the results generalize to other populations
it measures how well variables were operationalized and manipulated
it tells you how important and impactful your results are
380
What are mirror neurons?
Neurons that fire when people perform and watch someone perform a behavior
Neurons that relay information from one neuron to another
Neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information in the cortex
Neurons that are different but look like other neurons
381
Opponent process theory _______________
cannot explain afterimages.
states that black and white cannot be seen simultaneously.
states that sensory receptors come in pairs.
there are three types of cones.
382
What is attachment?
a strong, enduring, emotional bond between an infant and a caregiver
a short, temporary bond between an infant and a caregiver
imprinting on the the first moving object an organism sees
a transient, enduring bond between infant and caregiver
383
The capability to think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, reason, plan, solve problems, and learn from experience.
General intelligence (g)
Intelligence
Crystalized intelligence
Fluid intelligence
384
According to Freud, hysteria is a ___ .
patient’s self-censorship or avoidance of certain topics
response to the therapist like a major figure in their own life
asserting that clinical symptoms arise from unconscious childhood conflicts
psychogenic disorder with a variety of physical and psychological symptoms
385
Connections between brain regions are what color on an MRI?
red
grey
black
white
386
The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion distinguishes between two routes to persuasion;
primary & secondary
implicit & explicit
central & peripheral
intuitive & rational
387
A: A form of therapy where the therapist actively challenges the patient’s irrational beliefs.
Psychodynamic therapy
Client-centered therapy
Rational emotive behavioral therapy
Gestalt therapy
388
Jose is very organized, and he schedules everything in his life. Jose is most likely high is what Big Five trait?
extroversion
neuroticism
agreeableness
conscientiousness
389
What does the retina do?
protects the eye
transduction
allows light into the eye
focuses light
390
Gustation is the sense of:
Hearing
Taste
Smell
Balance
391
What is the self-fulfilling Prophecy ?
When you have fulfilled one of your aims
A label you give yourself
Achieving self-actualization and becoming the best person you can
When a person behaves according the the label given to them
392
_ is a notion of the self as stable entity distinct from others; whereas, _ is defined by connections to other people
Interdependent self-construal ; independent self-construal
Interdependent self-construal ; dependent self-construal
Independent self-construal ; dependent self-construal
Independent self-construal ; interdependent self-construal
393
What is an algorithm?
A problem solving formula that provides step by step instructions
A rule of thumb or mental shortcut
The number of pixels in an inch
A way to solve a problem where you guess and if wrong, keep guessing
394
What type of operant conditioning (consequence) is a sticker chart?
Positive punishment
Negative reinforcement
Negative punishment
Positive reinforcement
395
Learning to respond to a particular stimulus but not similar stimuli is called_____
extinction
discrimination
acquisition
generalization
396
How does PET measure brain activity?
It detects the metabolization of glucose
It detects the flow of blood
It detects electrical signals from neurons firing
It detects a BOLD signal
397
Vicarious punishment occurs when
Imitating what the model does
Observing someone receivenegative consequences for behavior and not copying
Observing someone receivepositive consequences for behavior and copying
Learning by observing another person's behaviors
398
What happens in deplorization during action potential?
returns the cell to resting potential
the outside of the neuron is positive
the outside of the neuron has no charge
the inside of the cell becomes positive
399
Habituation is
when the habit changes its population
when predator are always hunting decreasing the population
when an animal gets use to its new environment when it is moved
when a animal decrease its response to a repetitive stimulus
400
Prosopagnosia is defined as...
A failure to hear objects
An inability to recognize visually presented objects
A failure to perceive objects
An inability to recognize familiar and unfamiliar faces
401
Increased parasympathetic activity will have what effect?
Decreased heart rate
Increased energy
Increased respiration
Pupil dilation
402
What was significant about Erikson's contributions to human development?
First to suggest unconscious forces influence development
First to argue that adolescents struggle for identity
First to propose that children develop via interactions with the world
First to propose that children learn through scaffolding
403
If my parents created an environment that fosters psychology, this interacts with my biology. Example of what?
nature
phenotypes and genes
nature and nurture interaction
nurture
404
After taking the exam, Jeff was certain he got 100% but he really got 65%. This is an example of ...
confirmation bias
belief perseverance
hindsight bias
overconfidence bias
405
What is the explicit memory of facts and general knowledge?
priming
memory consolidation
episodic memory
semantic memory
406
How does PET measure brain activity?
It detects electrical signals from neurons firing
It detects the flow of blood
It detects the metabolization of glucose
It detects a BOLD signal
407
What is NOT a stereotype?
All men are non-emotional
Everyone is on the same level
Foreigner's cannot be trusted
Girl's need constant protection from men
408
What is Long-term potentiation (LTP)?
Connections are strengthened through repeated firings
Connections made between the stimulus and the resposne
Connections are weakened due to a lack of firing
New connections are made in the neocortex
409
Maria cried for 2 days because failed an exam. Maria is most likely high is what Big Five trait?
conscientiousness
agreeableness
neuroticism
extroversion
410
Stressors can fall into three broad categories. Which is not one of those categories?
transient events
major life events
daily hassles
catastrophic events
411
What is Binocular disparity?
difference in the images seen by the left and right eye
closer objects partially obscure more distant objects
different intensities of light seen by the left and right eye
two lines converging in the distance
412
Sensory adaptation refers to
process where stimulus energies are changed into impulses
process of organizing & interpreting sensory information
changes in the shape of the lens as it focuses on objects
diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus
413
Fact or Opinion: William James wrote the first psychology textbook, Principles of Psychology.
Opinion
Fact
414
Myelin is
The structure that receives neurotransmitters
The structure that releases neurotransmitters
The organelles that compose the neuron
A layer of electrical insulation that surrounds the axon
415
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by
extreme mood swings
impulsivity, fidgeting, and difficulty in shifting attention
physical aggression towards humans and animals
loss of interest in pleasurable activities
416
Function of the Occipital Lobe
visual processing
auditory processing, memory, & speech
Movement, orientation, recognition & perception of stimuli
reasoning, problem solving, speech, & movement
417
Comorbidity means_______?
the presence of having an unhealthy realtionship
two diagnosis that are unrelated
more than one disorder occurring at same time
one diagnosis in an individual
418
GABA does what in the central nervous system?
excites
inhibits
rewards
memory
419
What is the main idea of the diathesis-stress model?
People vary in their sensitivity to stressors
Genes plus major stress can trigger disease
Fear of death can trigger disease
Too much dieting can create disease
420
Shaping occurs when
rewards are withdrawn after unsuccessful behaviors
rewards are given only after successful behaviors
rewards are given intermittently
rewards are given to behaviors that approximate the correct response
421
What is a phoneme?
a meaning piece of a word
the letter or letters that represent a sound
the smallest unit of sound in a word
the sound each individual letter makes
422
Social learning theory is learning social behavior..
by observing and imitating
with the help of peers and experts
when two events co-occur
by the things that happen after a behavior
423
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
A label you give yourself based on past experience
When you have fulfilled one of your goals
Achieving self-actualization and becoming the best person you can
When a person behaves according the the label given to them
424
Juan tried losing weight numerous times, changed his diet, and took diet pills. "I will always be overweight." This is_.
learned helplessness
depressive realism
outcome efficacy
internal locus of control
425
Which of these are not detected by the parietal Lobe ?
Touch
Sound
Temperature
Pain
426
Heritability measures:
If a trait is polygenic
Proportion of phenotype variation due to genotype
Proportion of genotype variation due to phenotype
Incidence of a trait in the population
427
How can you most effectively create enduring memories to prepare for exams?
repeat the information numerous times
re-read the textbook
ask questions during a review session
spread out encoding across numerous days
428
During Piaget's concrete operational stage children are capable of what?
Thinking logically about concrete events
To think about moral reasoning at an adult level
All the above
Can think about abstract concepts
429
All are forms of positive punishment EXCEPT -
Time out
Getting extra chores
Spanking
Writing a letter of apology
430
Size constancy means:
objects get bigger when their image gets bigger
objects stay the same size even if their image seems bigger
the shoe is bigger than the people in this image
the closest image to the front is bigger
431
Empiricism is the belief that:
the experience of the mind can only be known by introspection
all truth exists in the mind
direct observation is the best source of knowledge
truth, as such, as such does not exist
432
Supreme released 1,000 special edition shirts.Many people place a high value on this shirt due to short supply.This is _
a social proof
the foot-in-the-door technique
the scarcity principle
the door-in-the-face technique
433
A: Therapy that helps patients integrate inconsistent aspects into a coherent whole via self- awareness and -acceptance.
Q: What is Gestalt Therapy?
Q: What is Client-Centered Therapy?
Q: What is Motivational Interviewing?
Q: What is Interpersonal Therapy?
434
Beyonce is continually thinking about a break up and her previous partner. Beyonce is experiencing ___
obsessions
compulsions
rumination
anhedonia
435
Neurogenesis is the formation of
new neurons
new memory
new glial cells
new neurotransmitters
436
A mental shortcut that allows people to efficiently solve problems and make judgments and decisions.
Insight
Restructuring
Heuristic
Algorithm
437
In taste aversion, what is the conditioned response...
food
a bell
nausea
hunger
438
TREPHINATION IS
THERAPY INTENDED TO HELP DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY DISORDERS
A WAY OF MEASURING BRAIN WAVES
CUTTING A HOLE IN THE SKULL TO LET THE DEMONS OUT
A SYSTEM OF DIAGNOSIS FOR MENTAL ILLNESS
439
Validity
getting the same result each time a measurement is taken.
reliability and objectivity.
appropriateness or accuracy of a conclusion.
measurements that are made without bias.
440
Which of the following is NOT a beneficial effect of stress?
Satisfies a need for stimulation and challenge
Prepares people so they are less affected by future stress
Resistance to physical illness
Promotes positive psychological change
441
What is sensation?
detecting and encoding energy from your environment
organizing information
interpreting sensory information
detecting and encoding energy from your body
442
What are the behavioral effects of serotonin?
Increased pleasure, suppressed appetite
Increased learning, enhanced memory
Increased arousal, suppressed appetite
Modulated mood, suppressed appetite
443
All of the following are physical disadvantages of getting older EXCEPT:
Reduced cardiac output
Reduced reaction time
Reduced crystalized intelligence
Reduced sensory acuity
444
Industrial and Organization Psychology can be defined as
the study of human behavior in the workplace
the study of safety at work
the study of the way that people and machines interact
the study of worker efficiency
445
The rapid shift to online social interaction has negatively impacted social relationships in all the following EXCEPT:
Others reacting negatively to people with low self-esteem who self-disclose
Momentary drops in happiness with frequent checking of social media & email
Perception of a broad social network is associated w/ higher stress levels
Higher likelihood of ignoring & neglecting people in same physical space
446
What is Agoraphobia?
Fear of heights
Fear of a loved one being hurt
Fear of social situations
Fear of open spaces or crowds
447
Which treatment approach draws upon different techniques to customize treatment for a given individual client?
humanistic
client-centered
psychodynamic
electicism
448
What is Implicit memory?
memory that includes a person's personal experience
long term storage of unconscious mem. that cant be described
memories that can be verbally described
memory that includes a person's knowledge about the world.
449
What is an authoritarian parent?
Rigid highly punitive demanding obedience
Firm but fair tries to explain parental decisions
Gives little little direction lax on obedience
Emotionally detached and unloving
450
What is the just noticeable difference?
The only thing that is detected as change
The smallest amount of stimulus we can detect.
Smallest amount of change needed before we detect a change.
A fair change that is noticeable when not paying attention.
451
What is basilar membrane?
A structure that vibrates when sound waves hit it
Hair cells in cochela turn vibrations into neural impulses
Detection of dissolved compounds by taste buds in papillae
A series of small bones in the middle ear
452
A researcher examines drug dosage (0 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg) for treating depression. What is the control group?
depression
0 mg
50 mg
100 mg
453
What are the 3 stages of Moral Development?
Obedience, Punishment, Law and Order
Cosmic, Good, Bad
Right, Wrong, Values
Pre-conventional, Conventional, Post-conventional
454
What is Amplitude?
The number of cycles per second of a wave
The height of the crests of a wave
The distance between any two consecutive crests
The maximum extent of a wave
455
Memory is located in specific brain regions. What is the hippocampus associated with?
procedural memories
consolidation, episodic, declarative
fear and fear memories
remembering semantic tasks
456
Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment showed that kids used
latent learning
hindsight bias
confirmation bias
observational learning
457
Encoding is the process by which ...
we think about thinking
information is retrieved
information goes into memory encoding
information goes into memory storage
458
What is Perception?
To be aware of something through senses
The quality of being dedicated
An unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that something is dangerous
Transforms you from being forgotten to memorable
459
Dopamine is associated with what in the brain?
reward system
mood regulation
excitation of neurons
inhibition of neurons
460
T or F: A polarized neuron is at rest.
True
False
461
Which is a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement?
Reinforcement after a variable number of correct responses
A variable amount of time elapses between reinforcements
A fixed amount of time elapses between reinforcements
Reinforcement is given after a number of correct responses
462
What is Autism?
It affects the way a child interacts with the world
It affects social interaction and communication skills
All of the above
It is a lifelong developmental disability
463
What are teratogens?
a collection of congenital problems associated with alcohol
structures that allow oxygen & nutrients to pass to fetus
any external agent that can harm an embryo or fetus
a one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and egg
464
People with a narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with:
sexual fantasies
physical symptoms of distress
their own self-importance
delusions of persecution
465
The hippocampus helps me
Run from danger
Hear
Create art
Remember important events
466
What is the belief perseverance?
the tendency to be more confident than correct
not being able to see a problem from a new perspective
clinging to the initial conceptions after being discredited
judging the likelihood of things
467
Cultural transmission is transmitting information from one _____ to another by teaching.
society
class
language
generation
468
Negative reinforcement involves
removal of a pleasant stimulus
presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
removal of an unpleasant stimulus
presentation of a pleasant stimulus
469
The dorsal stream is responsible for _, and the ventral stream is responsible for _.
perceiving movement; stimulus recognition
stimulus recognition; visual processing
visual processing; stimulus recognition
stimulus recognition; perceiving movement
470
What is interposition?
when closer objects partially obstruct distant objects
distant objects have smoother texture
when parallel lines draw together in the distance
distant objects are less clear/hazy
471
Which of the following is NOT true of dissociative identity disorder?
There has been a massive increase in DID diagnosis since the 1970s.
The well-documented cases of DID are doubtful.
There are more DID cases due to brain imagining technology for diagnosis.
The diagnosis has been highly controversial.