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Memory (Introduction)
Memory (Introduction)
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#cognition #psychology
Flashcards
45 cards
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Answers
1
Shown a pic of a tree, then asked to define "
bark"
, a person is more likely to say "part of a tree" than "sound of dog"
this is because of iconic memory
this is because of rehearsal
this is because of priming
this is because of spacing effect
2
Echoic
encoding is the encoding of
Symbols
Sensations
Sound
Images
3
L.A.S.E.R.
("
l
ight
a
mplification by
s
timulated
e
mission of
r
adiation
") is an example of which type of mnemonic?
Keyword
Acrostic
Acronym
Loci Method
4
Working memory
is
most
associated with which of the following?
implicit memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
short-term memory
5
On average
, your working memory can only hold ___ # of items
unlimited
16
7
12
6
Who is Mr. DeMarzo's celebrity man crush & look-a-like?
Chris Evans (aka Captain America)
Chris Hemsworth (aka Thor)
Chris Pine (aka Captain Kirk)
Chris Pratt (aka Star Lord)
7
Which type of memory retrieval process would involve remembering an old classmate's face & name in a yearbook?
interference
relearning
recognition
recall
8
The process of transforming incoming information into a usable form that can be stored in your LTM
Transfer
Organization
Encoding
Retrieval
9
The process of grouping items in order to make them easier to remember by making more room in your working memory.
rehearsal
recall
mnemonic device
chunking
10
What does the
Ebbinghaus Curve
tell us about memory and forgetting?
Memory loss improves rapidly over time, then levels off
Memory loss is rapid at first, but levels off over time
Memory loss declines at a steady rate
Memory loss goes through periods of decline and improvement
11
Which of the following statements about media-multitasking is
FALSE
?
Media-multitaskers proved better at focusing attention on relevant info
When switching your attention, it takes a few moments to reorient thoughts
Mediamultitasking degrades and diminishes or short-term/working memory
We tend to underestimate just how much we are actually distracted
12
Unless we pay close attention, we miss even obvious events & info. in our environment. What concept best explains this?
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
pseudo-memory effect
cocktail party effect
inattentional blindness
13
Which type of rehearsal results in the deeper processing of information, making it more likely to be remembered?
Dress rehearsal
Musical rehearsal
Elaborative rehearsal
Maintenance rehearsal
14
Stores information over a lifetime and has an unlimited capacity (in theory)
Sensory memory
Working memory
Long-term memory
Short-term memory
15
Type of mnemonic that works by having you take a “mental walk” & placing information to be remembered in familiar places
Acronym
Chaining (Story)
Mental palace (Loci Method)
Acrostic
16
Research on media-multitasking shows our attention
cannot
be evenly divided, but instead rapidly switches back & forth.
True
False
17
Which of the following periods of time
most
accurately states how long information is held in your STM/working memory?
a few minutes
a few seconds
a few hours
less than a second
18
What
type of mnemonic
used to remember the planets of the solar system, for example, is on this tee shirt?
Acronym
Acrostic
Loci method
Chaining
19
Which of the following is an example of “
procedural memory”
One's high school graduation
Putting on a pair of shoes
The capital of Pennsylvania
What the musical note "c" sounds like
20
What is the most common reason for forgetting?
Failing to pay attention in the first place
Studying in small chunks of time
Being completely incompetent
Not trying hard enough
21
The Loftus studies on eyewitness memory showed memory can be altered by information encountered after an event. This is
the Misinformation Effect
the Butterfly Effect
the Misremembering Effect
the Misogamy Effect
22
Joan continually repeats a list of words for a Spanish test in an attempt to move them from STM to LTM. She is using
Elaborative Rehearsal
Encoding
Maintenance Rehearsal
Chunking
23
When new information makes it hard to remember old information...
confabulation
motivated forgetting
retroactive interference
proactive interference
24
What is the
most
important factor in encoding information and improving one's memory?
limit interference
attach meaning
being organized
paying attention
25
Which is the correct order information travels through the
three stages of the Information Processing Model
are:
STM/Working - LTM - retrieval
STM/Working - sensory memory - LTM
STM/Working memory - sensory memory - LTM
sensory memory - STM/Working - LTM
26
Information that is remembered without needing any memory cues is called ____.
Relearning
Reintegration
Recognition
Recall
27
Carol can't remember things that happened before her accident. This is generally known as:
insomnia
implicit memory
amnesia
short-term memory loss
28
____ is the input, storage, and retrieval of information that has been learned & experienced over time.
Learning
Information
Cognition
Memory
29
Which type of rehearsal only keeps information in your STM until it is used or lost?
Maintenance rehearsal
Distributed practice
Musical rehearsal
Elaborative rehearsal
30
Your memories about your last birthday are stored in your _____ memory
episodic
short-term
retroactive
semantic
31
A ____ is a mental concept built by experience that helps organize information about the world
Mnemonic
Schema
Acronym
Chunking
32
Multiple choice type questions make the greatest use of which of the following types of memory?
recognition
recall
reintegration
relearning
33
The majority of sensory inputs that enter our sensory memory are quickly forgotten.
False
True
34
Which of the following is an example of proactive interference?
Recalling your new home address, but not recalling your old home address
Recalling your new locker number, but not recalling your old locker number
Can't recall your new cell phone # because your old cell phone # interferes
Can't recall last year's Super bowl winner, just this year's winner
35
This type of memory is our knowledge of things like multiplication tables, word meanings, state capitals, etc.
Episodic memory
Procedural memory
Semantic memory
Declarative memory
36
The process of encoding information from ST/Working memory is most efficient when it
uses repetition
does not use repetition
involves some kind of association
uses semantic memory
37
The kind of memory that lasts for less than a second and is quickly forgotten...
olfactory memory
echoic memory
eidetic memory
iconic memory
38
"Muscle memory" is an example of ____ memory.
Proactive
Explicit
Reactive
Implicit
39
Emily asks Aaron 12 questions about psychology. Aaron only remembers the first 2 and last 2. This is because
I'm in full effect
Primary memory effect
Decay effect
Serial-position effect
40
Visual (iconic) memory lasts much longer than auditory (echoic) memory.
False
True
41
What is the
first stage
of the
Information Processing Model
of memory.
Sensory memory
Short-term Memory
Working memory
Long-term memory
42
Research has shown that the more we media-multitask the better we get at it.
True
False
43
Joe recently got a new lock, but he finds that he keeps putting in his old combination instead of his new one. This is
Retroactive interference
Encoding confusion
Amnesia
Proactice interference
44
In which of the following stages of memory can information be lost (i.e. forgotten)?
STM
All stages
Sensory memory
LTM
45
Dave met a intriguing girl yesterday and is trying to remember her name. Which of the following is Dave attempting?
Google search
Rehearsal
Retrieval
Selective attention
