Research Final

reporting a relationship when there was no relationship

research that examines how OTs identify problems and make treatment decisions

whether a measure of some characteristics is able to predict some future outcome

extension of findings and conclusions from a study conducted on a sample population to the population at large

those identified to participate in the study

manipulating research materials, equipment/processes, or changing/omitting data or result

antecedent variable that is expected to produce an effect

assures dependability of measures that are used to test deficits, strengths, progress setbacks (aka psychometric)

data collected at 1 point in time

an abstract idea that exists in the absence of quantification

divide items into 2 questionnaires

reporting there was NOT a relationship when there actually was

how people experience and make sense of immediate worlds

evidence that an assessment under development concurs with results of another assessment

guided conversations. allow for discovery of new info

fundamental strategy/plan of how research will be structured

systematically maintained set of documentation

use of volunteers or easily available subjects (most problematic)

both researchers and subjects do not know treatment going to particular subjects

research into the processes by which intervention creates change

point in data collection when there is gaining little to no new info

findings from highest available quality, clinically applied, research studies, within scientific literature

ratings of more than 1 rater on a single assessment

participants randomly assigned to as many groups as there are conditions - experience both conditions

initially identified subjects provide names of others who might meet criteria

do items in instrument correlate with each other

subjects end up in different groups

making up data/results and reporting as real

similar to random sampling but selection in identified subgroups

quantitative research that takes place in natural setting

determines what clients require to achieve some basic standard of health or improvement

proportion of total population of people who have particular conditions

degree of agreement among repeated administrations of a diagnostic test performed by a single rater.

processes by which an intervention creates change in a client

subjects receive condition of primary interest

experimental condition-group of subjects assigned as basis of comparison

characteristics must have to participate

approach to research concerned with the results (success/failure) of techniques/approaches

specific outcome or effect is or is not observed

Explains problems that therapists address and justifies approaches to solving them

whether an instrument measures what it is intended to measure (accurate)

researcher not allowed to know which kind of (tx) has been given to the participants

2 or more groups of participants are randomly assigned to different conditions or 1+ independent variables

Proficiency and judgement that individual practitioners acquire through experience

investigate unknown characteristics in a defined population according to non-experimental design (likert)

type of prejudice or judgment

sample followed over time; repeated measures taken at certain intervals

happen by chance and cannot be predicted

ability a test remains stable over time

rely upon random selection from convince sample and subjects familiar with condition

substitute for condition/treatment that has no effect

capacity of assessment to measure intended underlying construct

understand how people construct storied accounts of their and others lives

each member of population can have equal chance of being selected

investigations in lab/controlled setting, to understand a phenomenon or theory that explains the phenomenon

most common rating scale; usually with ordinal rating

approval / agreement

cloaking identification of the reported

approach that aims to describe and explain subject experiences, actions, interactions, social contexts

approach involves participants as co-creators who shape questions, methods, and outcomes while transforming themselves

equal distances between units of measure with absolute zero

represents flow in sampling process, which results in subjects differing from population systematically

numeric label; clarify characteristics such as gender.

whether a given instrument provides stable info across different circumstances (consistent)

deliberate selection of individuals based on certain predetermined criteria

Types of qualitative research

bring about change

Approach to research that is characterized by objectivity (test 1 or more hypothesis)

follow logic of experimentation, but examine impacts of intervention on single subjects who serve as own control

PICO

emphasizes societal and cultural contexts that shapes meaning and behavior

pre-established open-ended questions

pre-established questions

one variable is directly impacted in the outcome or change in 2nd variable and is free from influence

investigations that seek to solve a practical problem or generate info to inform practice

equal distances between units of measure. continuum of characteristic

Precision, sensitivity/specificity, criterion/norm referencing, standardized scores/standard error of measurement (ch22)

investigate properties of clinical assessment tools or data collection instruments (reliability/validity)

transformative change through the simultaneous process of taking action and doing research

subjects remain in single group and are studied at various time points before/after manipulation

researchers write personal biases, assumptions and stereotypes of how co-investors may answer questions - throw away

study where subjects are tracked over time

degree of generalizability

important health outcome is the dependent variable. participants recruited and randomly assigned

how many persons have onset of condition during given span of time

assessment has appearance of measuring underlying construct

possible psychological effects of knowing one is receiving treatment

characteristics cannot have to participate

appropriation of another ideas, processes, results or words without giving credit

extraneous influences that may lead to incorrect conclusion

different versions of instruments

presence of researcher can lead to participants altering behavior

relationships between 2 or more variables are examined

action/process of gradually reducing strength or effectiveness of someone/something through sustained attack/pressure

deliberate and systematic process of self-examination

neither subjects not researchers can choose assignments

ranked categories; numbers refer to rank orders

increase accuracy/trustworthiness of data - use of 2 or more strategies to analyze data

conducted with small group of people on specific topic

Assumes active application of current, methodologically sound research to inform practice and treatment