Why is the significance level typically set at 5% in hypothesis testing?

To decrease the likelihood of Type I error

What are two specific kinds of non-experimental research questions/hypotheses that involve two variables?

Group-comparison RQs/hypotheses

What does a z-score tell us?

The number of standard deviations a value is from the mean

In which situations is the one-sample t-test for a mean commonly used?

Validating a measure in a new population

When is the one-sample z-test for a mean used?

When the population standard deviation is known

How is Cohen's d calculated in a one-sample t-test?

(Sample mean - hypothesized population mean)/ sample standard deviation

What is the final step in the HSATPDC process for hypothesis testing?

Writing a conclusion about the research question

What is the relationship between sample size and power in statistical analysis?

Increasing sample size increases power

What does the significance level (α) represent in hypothesis testing?

The threshold for determining if the null hypothesis should be rejected

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STAT1103 5&6

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Answers

1
Why is the significance level typically set at 5% in hypothesis testing?
To increase the likelihood of Type II error
To decrease the likelihood of Type II error
To decrease the likelihood of Type I error
To increase the likelihood of Type I error
2
What are two specific kinds of non-experimental research questions/hypotheses that involve two variables?
Group-comparison RQs/hypotheses
Single-variable research
Correlational RQs/hypotheses
Descriptive statistics
3
What does a z-score tell us?
The number of standard deviations a value is from the mean
The mean of the distribution
The range of the distribution
The standard deviation of the distribution
4
In which situations is the one-sample t-test for a mean commonly used?
Comparing means of two groups
Validating a measure in a new population
Testing correlation
Predicting outcomes
5
What does a correlation coefficient of 0.50 to 1 indicate in terms of the relationship strength?
Weak relationship
Very weak-to-no relationship
Strong relationship
Moderate relationship
6
When is the one-sample z-test for a mean used?
When comparing means of two groups
When the population standard deviation is known
When the sample size is large
When the population standard deviation is unknown
7
What is the Normal distribution described as?
Symmetric bell-shaped
Skewed
Irregular
Flat
8
How is Cohen's d calculated in a one-sample t-test?
(Sample mean group 1 - Sample mean group 2)/ sample standard deviation
(Sample mean group 1 - Sample mean group 2)/ pooled standard deviation
(Sample mean - sample standard deviation)/ hypothesized population mean
(Sample mean - hypothesized population mean)/ sample standard deviation
9
What is the Shapiro-Wilk test used for?
Predicting outcomes
Comparing means of two groups
Testing correlation
Testing normality of a sample
10
What is the range of probabilities and proportions?
0 to 1
1 to 10
0 to 100
10 to 100
11
What is the final step in the HSATPDC process for hypothesis testing?
Writing a conclusion about the research question
Making a decision about the null hypothesis
Choosing the significance level
Calculating the test statistic
12
What is the relationship between sample size and power in statistical analysis?
Sample size has no effect on power
Increasing sample size increases power
Decreasing sample size increases power
13
In very large samples, what can be said about the power of the statistical analysis even if the effect is negligible?
Power is low
Power is moderate
Power is high
14
What type of variable is required for a Chi-square goodness of fit test?
Numeric
Ordinal
Categorical
Continuous
15
What does the significance level (α) represent in hypothesis testing?
The probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is false
The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true
The level of confidence in the alternative hypothesis
The threshold for determining if the null hypothesis should be rejected

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