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Earth's History/ Evolution- Pretest Flashcards | StudBud
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Earth's History/ Evolution- Pretest
Earth's History/ Evolution- Pretest
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1
Which of these is least likely to show common relative or ancestor?
vestigial structures
analogous structures
DNA
homologous structures
2
Which is generally true when interpreting the geologic record?
Fossils stopped being formed thousands of years ago.
Fossils are usually near ancient volcanoes and fault lines.
Fossils are not affected by weathering and erosion.
Fossils found in deeper layers are older.
3
Which genetic variation in a bird's eggshells would most likely benefit survivability?
bright white coloring
greater thickness
greater weakness
unbreakable coating
4
Which global factor has caused significant changes in size of polar ice caps and glaciers?
tectonic activity
rainfall
weather
temperature
5
Which is most likely the result of tectonic plate convergence?
species extinction
rock unconformity
climate change
deposition increase
6
Which resource shows direct evidence of the composition of the air in Earth's earlier History?
fossils
ice cores
metamorphic rocks
sedimentary layers
7
Which type of dating method can be used on rock layers by applying the Law of Superposition?
radiometric dating
relative dating
absolute dating
radioactive dating
8
Which layer provides fossil evidence of an ancestor common to organisms in layers 2 and 3?
4
3
1
2
9
Which change, as seen in the fossil record, would have been a cause for living things to evolve
their environment
their mating season
the predator population
the daily weather
10
A researcher wants a model of how life has changed over time. What would be the best strategy?
Examining fossils from many sedimentary layers in the area.
Examining only index fossils found in the area.
Examining only fossils of organisms still found in the area.
Examining many fossils from a single sedimentary layer.
11
"Natural selection occurs over time within an ecosystem." Which best explains this statement?
Plants & animals never compete with each other for resources
Organisms must eat others in order to reduce the population
Organisms must produce food in order to continue the species
Envir. changes choose which organisms live to reproduce
12
Which evidence must be carefully examined to determine change over time?
plate tectonics
fossils
soil type
environment
13
What type of fossil is used to help us gain knowledge about the past activities of an organism?
Carbonized Fossil
Index Fossil
Trace fossil
Petrified Fossil
14
An ice core drilled from an ice sheet is shown below. What caused the variation in color?
change in air pressure
amount of carbon- 14
amount of snowfall
change in temperature
15
Which explains why an animal species is found only on a group of islands and nowhere else?
There are few natural predators found there.
The islands have similar climates.
The islands are geographically isolated.
The food these animals eat is only found there.
16
Which best describes index fossils?
Rare fossils from an unknown time period.
Common fossils from a distinct period; useful in det time.
Common fossils from an unknown time period.
Rare fossils from a distinct time period; useful in det time
17
A land area is studied with a large number of faults in its sedimentary record. Conclusion?
It has had extensive climate change.
Sediments have only begun forming.
Earth's crust has frequently shifted.
An ocean covered the area in the past.
18
Which of the following is the best example of a homologous structure?
Human Appendix
A whale's hip bones.
Body design of a fish and a dolphin
Bone structure of a bat wing and human arm
19
Which statement best explains the survival benefit of high genetic variation in a species?
It prevents a high mutation rate.
It reduces risk of extinction due to environmental change
It only occurs if species population size is already large
It allows species to use variety of ways to avoid predation
20
What can you infer if you see someone with a cast on their leg?
They will have a cast on their arm as well.
They fell off a horse.
They broke their leg.
They will have to wear the cast for at least 6 months.
21
Which reason is the most likely for the natural selection of this type of jointed wrist?
increased survival rates of the animals
calcium buildup in bones
sudden reproduction between various species
decreases in sea levels
22
What is the type of fossil which contains the original remains of an organism?
preserved remains
cast/molds
petrified remains
index
23
Which material occasionally trapped in ice cores provides direct evidence of ancient life?
mud
volcanic ash
gas
pollen
24
Which provides the clearest evidence of climate change?
Rocks in California reveal a history of past earthquakes.
Mountains in North Carolina have been weathered over time.
Valleys in California were carved by massive glaciers.
Fossils of early reptiles are found in North Carolina.
25
A student examines a fossil. What can he learn about the location from the fossil?
The ecosystem of the location now.
Organisms found in the location now.
The age of the oldest rocks at the location.
Environmental conditions at the location when rocks formed.
26
What is the volume shown in the graduated cylinder?
50 ml
43 ml
40 ml
430 ml
27
Which rock layer is most likely older than rock layer 4?
3
5
2
1
28
A boy examines a rock with an imprint of a leaf in it. Which conclusion can the boy reach?
It formed by erosion of sediments.
It resulted from the heating of rock to make it molten again
It resulted from the cooling of molten rock.
It formed as sediments compacted and hardened.
29
The Arctic Fox lives in a polar region. Which adaptation makes it best for this environment?
White Fur Coat
Whiskers
Large Ears
Small Feet
30
Which will have the greatest effect on how quickly weathering takes place?
amount of cloud cover
weather in an area
slope of land
climate of an area
31
Which is evidence of climate change due to geological evolution?
minerals found in the oceans.
Index fossils found in desert areas.
Fossils from tropical plants found in arctic regions.
Dry streambeds found in some areas.
32
Which explains why fossils of ocean animals and land animals are found inland in Australia?
Volcanoes erupted, and the animals were preserved in lava.
Ocean waters covered the land millions of years ago.
Ocean animals migrated several miles inland.
Not all former life was preserved as fossils.
33
What evidence was used to design the absolute geologic time scale in time of millions of years?
types of erosion
warming and cooling cycles
occurrences of unconformities
radiometric dating
34
Which Era covers the largest period of time on the Geologic Time Scale?
Paleozoic
Precambrian
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
35
The fossil record shows that life has changed over time. Rocks have been found that contain...
only organisms that are alive today.
organisms that are simpler than those found today.
both simple and complex organisms.
organisms that are more complex than those of today.
36
What is the most likely explanation for the increase in the number of elephants without tusks?
Elephants began to lose their tusk because of climate change
The gene for tusks has become recessive over time.
Elephant hunting resulted in gen mutation of the tusk gene
Fewer elephants with tusks survived to reproduce.
37
Which statement best supports the theory of continental drift?
Weather patterns are different for different continents.
Continents contain a variety of plants and animals.
Continents differ in size because of relative sea level.
Similar organisms are found on different continents.
38
Which of the following statements would be an observation?
"Dog's make better pets."
"Monkey's are the smartest of all animals."
"The pond water is 30 degrees Celsius."
"That's a pretty flower."
39
Which is an example of a behavioral genetic variation?
selection of feeding times
birds having hollow bones
an insect with the shape of a leaf
species coloration
40
Which is the most likely reason that Canada has evidence of ancient tropical rain forests?
Earth's temperature is getting colder.
Plate tectonics shifted northern Canada thru climate zones.
The sea levels of northern Canada changed as did the climate
Evolution changed the plants and animals.
41
Which statement describes how metamorphic rocks form?
Debris accumulates on the ground and compress to form rock.
Properties of existing rock are changed by heat & pressure.
Chemicals mix in water bodies and settle to form new rock.
Liquid rock rises from inside the Earth and cools.
