The three groupings of rocks are:

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

Which statement is an inference?

The sediments were deposited by a stream.

Igneous rock along oceanic ridges is younger than igneous rock farther from the ridge which...

shows the ocean floor is spreading

In which group are the shperes of Earth listed in order of increasing density?

atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere

Which statement is best supported by the information in the table?

Observers B & C measured the altitude at the same latitude

Interactions between living things and unliving things

Which statement best describes the continental and oceanic crusts?

The continental crust is thicker and less dense.

Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes primarily because

ofthe internal arrangement of the atoms

A comparison to a known standard

How are latitude and longitude lines drawn on a globe of Earth?

Latitude is parallel and longitude meets at the poles

A direct relationship is when...

The dependent variable goes up and the independent goes up

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Earth Science Midterm Review

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Answers

1
What is one page 16 of the Earth Science Reference Table?
wind patterns
plate tectonics
rock cycle diagram
mineral chart
2
______________ plates are moving away from each other
divergent
transforming
convergent
transvergent
3
Magnetic reversal lead to what theory?
plate tectonics
origin of the universe
origin of life
creation of volcanos
4
The three groupings of rocks are:
Igneous, Crystalline, and metamorphic
Clastic, sedimentary, and metamorphic
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
Igneous, sedimentary, and Minerallic
5
What is the approximate gradient of the hill between points X and Y?
1 m/km
3 m/km
5 m/km
10 m/km
6
Which factor has the greatest influence on the weathering rate of Earth’s surface bedrock?
regional climate
age of the bedrock
angle of insolation
local air pressure
7
Clastic sedimentary rocks are indentifies by
grain size
salt concentration
water pocket size
age of formation
8
Directly above the focus, where the quake is first felt is the
epicenter
prefeel
focus prime
s-wave
9
How long does a P-wave take to travel the first 6500 kilometers after the earthquake occurs?
10.0 min
18.5 min
6.5 min
8.0 min
10
Metamorphic rocks are always have (a) _________ density than the rock they came from.
smaller
wider
larger
same
11
Which statement is an inference?
The sediments were deposited by a stream.
The hole is 2 meters deep.
Some of the particles are rounded.
50% of the sediments are the size of sand grains
12
Which type of igenous rock cools slowly inside of the Earth?
Extrusive
Intrusive
External
Interal
13
who many types of waves are there?
2
3
420
6.9
14
Rock layers were originally deposited
folded
horizontally
randomly
faulted
15
Igneous rock along oceanic ridges is younger than igneous rock farther from the ridge which...
shows the ocean floor is stable
the ocean floor is crashing into another plate
shows oceanic ridges are ares of subsidence
shows the ocean floor is spreading
16
A rock made up of one mineral is
metamorphic rock
igneous rock
polymineralic
monominerallic
17
The amount of matter in an object is
Weight
Solid
Volume
Mass
18
How many major plates are on Earth?
420
4
10
12
19
The altitude of Polaris at a location is 44 degrees. Where is this location?
Kingston
Elmira
Watertown
Buffalo
20
What is the contour interval for this map?
10 m
15 m
20 m
25 m
21
Cooling rate is directly related to _________________.
air pocket size
the color
the hardness
crystal size
22
When a rock cools quickly, _______________ crystals form.
gigantic
tiny or no
diamond
3 foot
23
In which group are the shperes of Earth listed in order of increasing density?
atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere
hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere
lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere
lithospherehydrosphere, atmosphere,
24
Another name for chemical action is
crystalline
biological process
cementaion
compression
25
On which side of the hill has the steepest slope
East
Northeast
South
Northwest
26
A natural shaking of the Earth's crust along fault lines, due to a slow build up of stress is
an earthquake
a volcano
a seismogram
an epicenter
27
The boundary between two different materials or systems is...
Where no energy is exchanged
Interface
Non cyclic
Hydrosphere
28
In which direction does the Cinder River flow?
southwest
northeast
southeast
northwest
29
The temperature of rock at location A is approximately
2,600°C
1,000°C
600°C
3,000°C
30
Which statement is best supported by the information in the table?
Observers B, C, & D were in the Southern Hemisphere
Observer A was at the equator
Observers B & C measured the altitude at the same latitude
Observers A & B measured the altitude during daytime hours
31
What is science?
Interactions between living things and unliving things
a war of solving problems
a way of forming a hypothesis
The study of the Earth
32
Which statement best describes the continental and oceanic crusts?
The continental crust is thicker and more dense
The continental crust is thicker and less dense.
The continental crust is thinner and more dense
The continental crust is thinner and less dense
33
Naturally occuring, in organic, crysalline solid is a
Crystal
Rock
Diamond
Mineral
34
Rocks are made up of
smaller pieces of rock
sand
pebbles
minerals
35
Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes primarily because
ofimpurities that produce surface variations
energyis released during crystallization
light reflects from crystal surfaces
ofthe internal arrangement of the atoms
36
What is the P-wave travel time if the P-wave arrives 8 minutes before the S-wave?
10 minutes 0 seconds
11 minutes 20 seconds
6 minutes 30 seconds
4 minutes 20 seconds
37
The mineral wollastonite has a hardness of 4.5-5. Which mineral could easily scratch it?
Halite
Gypsum
Talc
Garnet
38
What are the two most abundant elements by mass found in Earth's crust?
aluminum and iron
sodium and chlorine
calcium and carbon
oxygen and silicon
39
The formula to find density is...
Volume/ mass
Mass/ Volume
Mass/ Mass
Measured - Actual / Actual x 100
40
Which two points have the same elevation?
G and F
C and D
G and C
B and D
41
Regional metamorphic rocks form over ___________ areas.
high
thin
wide
small
42
Whichstatement about the rock is an observation?
The rock formed deep in the Earth's interior.
The rock is black and shiny.
The rock cooled very rapidly.
The rock dates from the Precambrian Era.
43
Which of these is not an example of a cyclic pattern
Sunspots
Seasons
Day and Night
Moon phases
44
_________ metamorphism occurs on the interface between hot magma and already exsisting rock.
regional
Pre
magma
contact
45
Which map shows the greatest temperature field gradient?
2
1
4
3
46
Which of the systems ismost like the latitude-longitude system used on Earth?
D
C
A
B
47
As gradient increases, what happens to the distance between isolines?
It stays the same
It increases
It decreases
48
Subduction occurs when there are ______________ plates.
divergent
transforming
convergent
transversal
49
A measurement is
An educated guess
A way of finding the density of an object
A comparison to a known standard
A way to make numbers more manageable to work with
50
How are latitude and longitude lines drawn on a globe of Earth?
Latitude is parallel and longitude meets at the equator.
Longitude is parallel and latitude meets at the poles.
Longitude is parallel and latitude meets at the equator.
Latitude is parallel and longitude meets at the poles
51
A direct relationship is when...
The dependent variable goes up and the independent goes down
The variables both stay the same
The dependent variable goes up and the independent goes up
The dependent variable goes up and the dependent goes up
52
What's is the difference between the maxima and the minima?
They are the boundaries between two different materials
Maxima- highest Minama- lowest
This is a trick question
Maxima is the lowest possible point. Manama is the highest
53
Which type of rock forms as a result of the cooling and hardening of rock?
Marble
Metamophic
Igenous
Sedimentary
54
The first waves to arrive at another location from an earthquake are called
Secondary waves
S-waves
P-waves
First waves
55
A sailing ship seems to be is sinking as it moves away. Which statement explains this?
The earth is rotating
The earth is revolving
The surface of the ocean has depressions
The earth has a curved surface
56
Which rock forms as a result of the recrystalization of already exsisting rock?
iGNEOUS
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
Metamentary
57
Which graph best represents the elevation profile along point A to B
1
2
3
4
58
What makes up most of the Earth's atmosphere?
hydrosphere
lithosphere
James
atmosphere
59
Which igneous rock has a vesicular texture and has the minerals potassium feldspar and quartz?
Pegmatite
Scoria
Pumice
Andesite
60
Particles are cemented together by minerals that precipitate out of seawater is called
chemical action
cementation
precipitation
compaction
61
The ________ is the actual spot under the surface where rock breaks.
focus
seismograph
epicenter
s-waves
62
What is the distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian called?
equator
latitude
longitude
altitude
63
To find the ________________ use the equation- m-a/ a x 100
The percent
Scientific notation
% Error
% correct
64
Earth’s magnetic field has reversed itself manytimes. This pattern is best seen in
layers of sedimentary bedrock of the GrandCanyon
bedrock with fossils containing radioactivecarbon-14
igneous bedrock of the oceanic crust
metamorphic bedrock in mountain ranges
65
Two streams begin at the same elevation . Why is one stream is flowing faster than the other ?
One stream has a temp of 10°C and the other stream is 20°C.
The faster stream contains more dissolved minerals.
The faster stream has a much steeper gradient.
The streams are flowing in different directions.
66
A random breakage in a mineral is called
hardness
fracture
cleavage
streak
67
Sinking or settling of the crust is
folded strata
uplift
depression
subsidense
68
Which diagram represents the topographic profile between location C and B
1
4
2
3
69
Compared to dull and rough rocks, shiny and smooth rocks most likely cause sunlight to be
reflected
absorbed
scattered
refracted
70
Silicate is a
Silicon dioxide
02 + Si
S2
02
71
What is the resistance towards being stractched?
fracture
checmical test
cleavage
hardness
72
As depth wihtin Earth's interior increases, the
density, tempurature, and pressure increase
density, tempurature, and pressure stay the same
density, tempurature, and pressure decrease
density, tempurature decrease, and pressure increase
73
The layer of bedrock near Earth's surface that forms a continous shell around Earth is called
the throposphere
the hydrosphere
the strarosphere
the lithosphere
74
Which mineral is mined for its iron content?
fluorite
talc
galena
hematite
75
the 2 most common rock forming elements by % volume is
oxygen and silicon
potassium and silicon
potassium and iron
oxygen and potassium
76
Which statement is true about an isoline on an air temperature field map?
It increases in magnitude as it bends southward
It connects points of equal air temperature
It indicated the direction of maximum isolation
Represents an interface of high and low barometric pressure
77
Which rock is composed of the mineral halite that formed when seawater evaporated?
rock salt
dolostone
limestone
rock gypsum
78
What type of relationship is this?
Indirect relationship
A really sad one
Direct relationship
Constant
79
What was the answer to the first question of this quiz?
A comparison to a known standard
magnitude
differences in densities of earth materials
To be honest I don't remember
80
The starting point or soemthing to compare to is called the
Your mom
frame of reference
Scientific method
Inference
81
The Earth's shape most closely resembles which of the following object
a football
a basketball
an apple
a ping pong ball
82
When a rock cools slowly, _______________ crystals form.
large
medium
small
no
83
Another name for primary waves is
kim jong un learned to drive at the age of 3
compressional waves
secondary waves
first waves
84
What is the most likely elevation of point A?
1650 m
1850 m
1250 m
1750 m
85
Which statement describes the hardness of dolomite?
It canscratch a penny, butcannot bescratched by a steel nail
It canscratch glass, but cannot be scratched by a steel nail
It canscratch a penny, butcannot bescratched by a fingernail
It can scratch glass, but cannotbe scratchedby a fingernail.
86
The graph shows the relationship between mass and volume of 3 samples. What is the density ?
1.0 g/cm³
5.0 g/cm³
10.0 g/cm³
20.0 g/cm³
87
Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardness of 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage?
calcite
mica
halite
pyrite
88
Which mineral has a metallic luster, a black streak, and is an ore of iron?
galena
magnetite
pyroxene
graphite
89
Which two features are commonly found atdivergent plate boundaries?
hot spots and island arcs
mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys
wide valleys and deltas
ocean trenches and subduction zones
90
faulted strata shows the
breaking and shifting of rock layers
sdf
bending of rock layers
dsf
91
What is the lithosphere?
The rigid outer shell of the Earth
The name for the inner and outer core
The Oceanic crust of the Earth
All of the water in, on, or around the earth
92
Which diagram best represents the topographic profile along line AB?
2
4
3
1
93
When loose particles are joined together a __________ rock is formed.
Igneous
Metamorphic
sedimentary
crystalline
94
Which of the following items is a model?
a globe
a ruler
a mineral specimen
a hand lense
95
What is the way that light reflects off a mineral?
Color
Hardness
Shine
Streak
96
Folded sedimentary rock layers are usually caused by
differences in sediment density during deposition
crustal movement occurring after deposition
a rise in sea level after deposition
deposition of sediments in folded layers
97
The lower atmosphere and hydrosphere are bound to Earth by
the force of gravity
a molecular bonding at the interface
magnetic fields
atmospheric pressure
98
At which location would an observer find the greatest force due to the Earth's gravity?
New York State
Equator
Tropic of Cancer (23.5N)
North Pole
99
A number of objects are grouped on the basis of commonproperties. What is this process called?
measurement
inference
observation
classification
100
Which letter best identifies the interface of the lithosphere and the troposphere?
C
A
B
D
101
The best evidence that the Earth has a spherical shapewould be provided by
the time the Earth takes to rotate on its axis
the change in the time of sunrise and sunset
photographs of the Earth taken from space
the prevailing wind direction
102
Which scale measures the magnitude of earthquakes?
Mercalli
Epicenter
Seiemogram
Richer
103
Sedimentary rocks often contain
water pockets
one type of mineral
fossils
over 100 different types of minerals
104
Earth's troposphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere contain large amounts of which element?
iron
oxygen
potassium
hydrogen
105
Materials that can not be replaced for a long period of time are
mineral resources
nonrenewable
renewable
lumber
106
Extrusive igneous rocks from from
crystals
granite
lava
magma
107
Which is thicker the oceanic crust or continental crust?
Neither
They do not exist
Continental
Oceanic
108
The true shape of the Earth is best described as a
slightly oblate sphere
highly eccentric ellipse
perfect sphere
perfect ellipse
109
Another name for an indirect relationship is...
Constant relationship
Inverse relationship
Straight relationship
Changing relationship
110
The water sphere of the earth is known as the
troposphere
hydrosphere
atmosphere
lithosphere
111
Dolostone is classified as which type of rock?
Foliated metamorphic rock
Nonfoliated metamorphic rock
Land-derived sedimentary rock
Chemically formed sedimentary rock
112
Volume is the...
The amount of matter in an object
Number of cookies Julia is eating at the moment
The force of gravity acting on an object
Amount of space an object takes up
113
A seismograph measures the _______ of an earthquake.
richer
focus
magnitude
114
The system of lines used to locate a certain place on Earth are called...
axis system
great circle systems
coordinate systems
latitude systems
115
When preforming a _______________ test, you pull the mineral across a plate.
chemical
gravity
hardness
streak
116
What is the density of a ineral compared to the density of water called?
General density
General gravity
specific gravity
Specific density
117
A system of measurement based on a unit of 10 is known as the
English system
Metric system
Bond System
Celcious system
118
Which sample best shows the physical properties normally associated with regional metamorphism?
A
C
D
B
119
What is the location of Binghamton, New York?
42° 54' N, 75° 55' W
42° 6' N, 75° 55' W
42° 6' S, 76° 05' W
42° 54' N, 75° 05' W
120
A rock made up of two minerals is
sillicate
monominerallic
metamorphic rock
polyminerallic
121
When something is cyclical it
Forms a pattern allowing us to make a connection
It never changes
Is most helpful over short periods of time
Is impossible to predict
122
Which line passes through both the geographic North Pole and the geographic South Pole?
0° longitude
0° latitude
Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N)
Tropic of Capricorn (23.5°S)
123
convergent plates are when....
when two plates slowly grind past one another
5 or more plates meet
two plates move away from each other
two plates collide
124
Compared to Earth’s crust, Earth’s core is believed to be
less dense, cooler, and composed of more iron
more dense, cooler, and composed of less iron
less dense, hotter, and composed of less iron
more dense, hotter, and composed of more iron
125
Mill River generally flows toward the
northeast
southeast
northwest
southwest
126
The luster of the mineral shown below could be determined by
using an electronic balance
observing how light reflects from the surface of the mineral
observing what happens when acid is placedon the mineral
using a graduated cylinder
127
At the moment it is impossible to predict...
Day and Night
Earthquakes
Tides
Tehani
128
Compared to a light rock with a smooth surface, a dark-colored rock with a rough surfacewill
absorb more insolation and reflect lessinsolation
both absorb and reflect less insolation
both absorb and reflect more insolation
absorb less insolation and reflect moreinsolation
129
The primary cause of convection currents in the Earth'smantle is believed to be the
subsidence of the crust
occurence of earthquakes
rotation of the Earth
differences in densities of earth materials
130
Which point is located on the steepest slope?
B
C
F
D
131
The igneous rock gabbro most likely formedfrom molten material that cooled
rapidly, deep underground
slowly, deep underground
rapidly at Earth’s surface
slowly at Earth’s surface
132
The water shpere of Earth is known as they
troposphere
hydrosphere
atmosphere
lithosphere
133
The latitude of a point in the Northern Hemisphere may be determined by measuring the
apparent diameter of the Sun
apparent diameter of Polaris
distance to the Sun
altitude of Polaris
134
The study of __________ shows the Earth has moved, is currently , and will continue moving
the amount of earthquakes on record
the Earth's crust
The minerals in rocks
Orginal horizontality
135
Earth's hydrosphere is best described as the
gaseous layer from Earth into space
solid outer layer of Earth
magma layer located below Earth's stiffer mantle
liquid outer layer of Earth
136
What is the smallest # of seismogram stations are needed to find the epicenter of an earthquake
3
6
9
2
137
Which property was used to classify the minerals in the chart below?
luster
Chemical Composition
color
hardness
138
Which is the use of the senses to learn something about the environment?
Frame of Reference
Classification
Observation
Inference

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