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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
dissociation
antagonists
activation-synthesis
2
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
3
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
4
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
social learning theory
latent learning
the law of effect
5
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
compliance strategies
individualism
self-serving bias
6
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
make new friends
eat a meal
7
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
8
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
difference threshold
absolute threshold
frequency theory
9
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
token economy
law of effect
behavior shaping
10
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
11
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
clap their hands
say a sentence
12
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
single blind study
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
13
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
14
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
just world bias
self-serving bias
Barnum effect
15
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
16
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
17
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
biological theory
trait theory
18
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
19
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
MRI
PET
rTMS
EEG
20
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
content validity
split-half reliability
21
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
opponent-process theory
gate-control theory
frequency theory
transduction theory
22
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
grapheme
phoneme
holobase
23
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
violation of confidentiality
24
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
habituation
accommodation
discrimination
assimilation
25
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
deindividuation
superordinate goals
group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
26
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
27
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
28
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
29
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
aptitude test
achievement test
EQ test
30
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
internal
situational
external
fundamental
31
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
overconfidence
hindsight bias
a theory
self-serving bias
32
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
unconditional positive regard
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
secondary central dispositions
33
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
34
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
electro-convulsive shock therapy
free association
prefrontal lobotomy
gestalt therapy
35
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
36
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
evolutionary
humanistic
psychodynamic
cognitive
37
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
counterconditioning
latent learning
observational learning
insight learning
38
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
fovea
optic chiasm
feature detectors
39
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
remove : increase
add : decrease
remove : punish
40
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
41
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
behavioral
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
cognitive
42
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
43
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
role theory and dissociation theory
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
44
which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
45
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
46
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
47
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
difference threshold
48
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
high self-efficacy
a strong superego
49
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
cognitive
trait
humanistic
50
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
postconventional
theory Y
approach-avoidance
51
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
social-cognitive study
developmental study
longitudinal study
52
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
adrenaline
acetylcholine
dopamine
53
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
54
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
55
the somatic nervous system is part of the
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
56
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
57
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
58
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
59
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
inattentional blindness
confirmation bias
60
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
95
84
50
68
61
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
at what age can children reason abstractly
62
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
63
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
64
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
inferiority complexes
functional fixedness
repressed memories
65
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
Moro
rooting
stepping
66
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
early 20s
puberty
mid 30s
67
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
social-cognitive
trait
humanist
psychoanalyst
68
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
69
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
touch
sight
smell
70
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
closure
retinal disparity
linear perspective
71
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
72
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
achievement
projective
triarchic
73
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
social facilitation
social roles
disinhibition
74
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
mental retardation
75
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
central route persuasion
deindividuation
76
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
social facilitation
groupthink
deindividuation
77
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
schedules; punishers
78
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
79
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
hemispheric lateralization
neuroplasticity
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
80
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
optic nerve
cones
rods
81
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
82
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
motor development
assimilation
parenting style
83
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
belief perseverance
84
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
binocular and monocular cues
85
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
86
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
approach-approach
she does not have a conflict
87
light enters the eye through an opening in the
iris
retina
fovea
blind spot
88
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
89
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
family
environment
temperament
90
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
dissociative
personality
anixety
schizophrenic
91
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
outliers
modes
normally distributed
92
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
representative assignment
assignment to conditions
random sampling
93
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
psychometrics
health psychology
positive psychology
social psychology
94
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
sensory cortex
cerebellum
medulla
cerebral cortex
95
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
humanistic
trait
psychoanalytic
96
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
genetics and nutrition
unconscious conflicts
97
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
amplitude of the wave
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
98
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
99
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
100
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
101
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
heightened manifest dream content
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
102
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
103
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
planning for the future
104
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
105
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
standard deviation
mean
range
106
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
object permanence
universal ethical principles
attachment
conservation
107
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
108
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
cerebellum
medulla
amygdala
hypothalamus
109
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
correlation study
naturalistic observation
experiment
case study
110
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
111
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
112
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
113
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
touch
balance
hearing
114
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
proactive interference
leading questions
relearning effect
brain injury
115
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
continuous
secondary
partial
primary
116
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
median
standard deviation
mean
117
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
118
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
secure attachment with parents
early gross motor practice
119
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
moving her left hand
120
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
sublimation
latent learning
mirror neurons
121
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
superordinate goals
stereotyping
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
122
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
daily activities
circadian rhythm
personalities
123
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
124
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
fixed variable
continuous
variable interval
125
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
modeling
positive punishment
126
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
token economies
client-centered therapy
REBT
127
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
secondary preventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
talking to a patient
128
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
serotonin system
129
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
extraversion
neuroticism
openness
130
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
131
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a probability of chance less than 5%
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a mean that is the same as the median
132
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
133
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
134
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
cognitive
behavioral
pharmacological
135
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
episodic memory
recall
136
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
out-group homogeneity
137
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
138
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
principle of continuity
the social role hypothesis
gender schema theory
linguistic relativity hypothesis
139
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
140
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
141
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
oral stage
latency period
phallic stage
142
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Gage's area
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
143
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
opponent process theory
social facilitation theory
James-Lange theory
144
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
semantic encoding
145
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
beta waves
sleep spindles
alpha waves
delta waves
146
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
pons
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
147
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
behavioral
situational
social
148
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
short-term memory
procedural memory
sensory memory
long-term memory
149
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
need for achievement
150
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
reaction formation
sublimation
displacement
projection
151
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
152
which is an example of an implicit memory
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
153
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
William James
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
154
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
major depressive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
155
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
benzodiazepines
lithium
SSRIs
L-Dopa
156
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
157
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
evolutionary
humanistic
biological
psychodynamic
158
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
construct validity
test-retest reliability
standardization
159
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
160
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
terminal button
neurotransmiters
myelin
synaptic cleft
161
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
counterbalancing
standard deviation
162
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
163
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion