A weakness of Eysenck's theory

Assumes people behave in consistent manner according to their personality

What is a weakness of Bandura's Bobo Doll experiment into social learning?

It has no ecological validity - it was conducted in an artificial setting

What is a weakness of Lange's twins study?

There was no control over who took part

Which of these is a strength of Eysenck's PEN model of the criminal personality?

He relied on self-report studies

What is a strength of Lombroso's research on atavism?

He used measurable criteria & a testable hypothesis

A strength of Sheldon's Somatotypes

Goring also correlated offending with lower than average intelligence

What is strength of Bandura's Bobo Doll experiments?

Later studies support Bandura's findings

What is a weakness of Freud's methodology?

Relies on a few case studies so Freud's findings lack ecological validity

Which theory supports social learning as an explanation for criminal behaviour?

Differential association theory

Which of the following undermines Jacobs et al.'s conclusion that XYY Syndrome & aggressive behaviour are linked?

Theilgaard (1984) did not find a correlation between XXY syndrome

Lange's twin study was a natural experiment. This is a strength. What is a 'natural' experiment?

There is no manipulation of the independent variable

What is a strength of the psychodynamic explanation of criminality?

Blackburn supported Freud's conclusions about the role of the superego

What are Raine's findings reliable?

Raine et al used MRi technology

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Criminology: evaluating biological & individualistic theories (Unit 2, AC 3.2)

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Answers

1
A weakness of Eysenck's theory
It only takes into account nurture as a factor in criminality
Later studies, e.g. Bandura's experiments, don't support it
Assumes people behave in consistent manner according to their personality
It wrongly takes into account socio-economic inequality
2
What is a weakness of Bandura's Bobo Doll experiment into social learning?
There was no adult participants
It has no ecological validity - it was conducted in an artificial setting
Only the dependent variable was controlled
There was no control over variables
3
What is a weakness of Lange's twins study?
None of the participants were DZ twins
There was no control over who took part
All participants were MZ twins
The sample size was too large to get any meaningful data
4
What does Sheldon's theory ignore?
Personality traits
Social influences on behaviour
Body shape
Genetics
5
Which of these is a strength of Eysenck's PEN model of the criminal personality?
Eysenck used lab experiments so all variables were controlled
He relied on self-report studies
He relied on interviews with offenders. These created rich, detailed data
He relied on case studies
6
What is a strength of Lombroso's research on atavism?
He used a large sample size which gives it scientific credibility
He used measurable criteria & a testable hypothesis
He relied on qualitative data from interviews with offenders
He used laboratory experiments to conduct his research
7
A strength of Sheldon's Somatotypes
He studied the criminal behaviour of cats
His took into account nurture, as well as nature
Goring also correlated offending with lower than average intelligence
Glueck & Glueck, also correlated criminality & body shape
8
Whose study supports XYY Theory?
Raine et al
Alder et al
Christiansen
Theilgaard
9
What is strength of Bandura's Bobo Doll experiments?
These were natural experiments
Links between early childhood trauma & adult behaviour were identified
Provided a basis on which to correlate personality traits with criminality
Later studies support Bandura's findings
10
What is a weakness of Freud's methodology?
Freud relied too much on quantitative data
Relies on a few case studies so Freud's findings lack ecological validity
He relied too much on quantitative data
Freud used short-term studies of his patients
11
Which theory supports social learning as an explanation for criminal behaviour?
Freud's psychodynamic approach
Maternal deprivation theory
Differential reinforcement theory
Differential association theory
12
Whose research disproved Lombroso's findings?
Sheldon
Goring
Jacobs et al
Lange
13
Adoption studies look for a correlation between genetics & criminality
False
True
14
Which of the following undermines Jacobs et al.'s conclusion that XYY Syndrome & aggressive behaviour are linked?
Theilgaard (1984) did not find a correlation between XXY syndrome
Our genetic make-up can change across the lifespan
Researchers rely on physical appearance to diagnose XYY Syndrome
XYY Syndrome is found in a tiny number of men
15
Lange's twin study was a natural experiment. This is a strength. What is a 'natural' experiment?
The researcher can change the dependent variable
This type of experiment takes place in the twins' natural environment
The researcher can manipulate the independent variable
There is no manipulation of the independent variable
16
What is a strength of the psychodynamic explanation of criminality?
It creates a typology of personality traits that's easy to understand
Freud used quantitative data from case-studies
Blackburn supported Freud's conclusions about the role of the superego
It relies on self-report studies
17
What are Raine's findings reliable?
It used cutting-edge x-ray machines to investigate brain function
The study conclusively proved that brain damage causes criminality
Raine et al used MRi technology
Raine et al used measurable criteria & a testable hypothesis

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