What does comparative morphology help us understand?

The anatomical structures and evolution of organisms

Which idea did Darwin challenge?

Species are unchanging and the Earth is young

What is antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

Bacteria develop resistance through random mutations

How do antibiotics like Penicillin work against bacteria?

Disrupts the formation of the cell wall and ruptures the bacteria

What is a characteristic of intrasexual selection?

Males compete with each other for mating rights

What are the three conditions for natural selection?

Variation, reproduction, heritable traits

What is an example of a homologous structure?

Whale’s flipper and human arm

What is comparative morphology?

Comparing anatomical structures

What is an adaptation?

A characteristic that helps survival

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BIO 130: Final Exam Review

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Questions 170

Answers

1
What does comparative morphology help us understand?
The genetic makeup of species
The geographic distribution of species
The anatomical structures and evolution of organisms
The behavior of animals
2
What is the first species to colonize a community after disturbance?
Shrubs
Mosses/Lichens
Hardwood Trees
Pines/Hickories
3
True or False: Productivity is limited by nothing
True
False
4
True or False: A hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable
False
True
5
Which of the following is an example of an extreme condition where prokaryotes can live?
All of the above
Inside Nuclear Reactors
Deep Ocean Thermal Vents
Hot Springs
6
True or False: Evolution is defined as genetic change in a population over time.
False
True
7
What is a fossil?
A geological structure
A modern-day species
Evidence of life from the past
A living organism
8
Which idea did Darwin challenge?
Species are unchanging and the Earth is young
All species originated from one ancestor
Animals evolve through artificial selection
Evolution through natural selection
9
Which of the following Protists is multicellular, large and complex, and is mostly found in marine habitats?
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
Brown Algae
Euglenozoans
10
True of False: Soil is often already present in secondary succession
False
True
11
True or False: All Life must reproduce
True
False
12
Which of the following are cytoplasmic extensions used for crawling, sliding, and/or feeding?
Pseudopodia
Flagella
Cilia
13
What are the kind of prokaryotes that can live in extreme conditions called?
Halophiles
Thermophiles
Mesophiles
Extremophiles
14
What is antibiotic resistance in bacteria?
Antibiotics prevent bacteria from mutating
Bacteria evolve on command
Bacteria develop resistance through random mutations
Bacteria are always resistant to antibiotics
15
What prokaryotic structure is defined as a long, protein projection that aids in attachment and motility?
Fimbriae
Flagella
Capsule
Pilli
16
True or False: Fully developed individuals will always look similar to their under developed stages.
False
True
17
_____________: something that researchers administer allowing them observe its effects on the study subjects.
Question
Treatment
Prediction
Experiment
18
True or False: Prokaryotes have one, circular chromosome.
False
True
19
True or False: Bacteria can be differentiated based on cell wall architecture.
False
True
20
What prokaryotic structure is an extra-chromosomal circular ring of DNA? (Hint: may provide selective advantage)
Ribosomes
Cell Wall
Peptidoglycan
Plasmids
21
How do antibiotics like Penicillin work against bacteria?
Causes the body to produce more antibodies to fight off the bacteria
Disrupts the formation of the cell wall and ruptures the bacteria
Stops the bacteria entering the body and causing contamination
Causes antibodies to attach to the bacteria better
22
What is a characteristic of intrasexual selection?
Males compete with each other for mating rights
Mate choice is based on physical appearance
Individuals of the same sex cooperate to find mates
Females select mates based on genetic compatibility
23
Sensory systems, anatomical structures, and specialized teeth are all examples of what?
Prey Defenses
Parasitoidism
Feeding Adaptations
Batesian Mimicry
24
What are the three conditions for natural selection?
No variation, no heritable traits
Variation, reproduction, heritable traits
No traits, no reproduction
Variation, no reproduction, acquired traits
25
Which scientist proposed the principle of superposition?
Georges Cuvier
Alfred Wallace
Charles Darwin
James Hutton
26
Which of the following kinds of bacteria grows in the ABSENCE of oxygen?
Obligate Aerobes
Obligate Anaerobes
Facultative Anaerobes
27
Which of the following Protists is unicellular, has have silica-rich, glassy shells and has huge ecological importance?
Dinoflagellates
Euglenozoans
Brown Algae
Diatoms
28
What system is used to track the flow of energy?
Succession
Water Cycle
Food Chains
Productivity
29
Which of the following is an example of a scientific theory?
Theory of Evolution
Hypothesis of Gravity
Idea of Flat Earth
Supernatural Explanations
30
What is an example of a homologous structure?
Bird’s wing and insect wing
Dog paw and cat paw
Whale’s flipper and human arm
Fish fin and octopus tentacle
31
Which of the following Protists is unicellular, swims with flagella, and has a red eye spot?
Diatoms
Euglenozoans
Dinoflagellates
Brown Algae
32
What prokaryotic structure provides a rigid barrier surrounding the cell?
Cell Wall
Ribosomes
Peptidoglycan
Plasmids
33
True of False: Asymmetrical competition is when both species have equal decreases in fitness
True
False
34
Which of the following plants include cycads, ginkgos, gnetophytes, and conifers?
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Non-vascular Plants
Seedless Vascular Plants
35
True or False: Eumetazoa lack tissue
True
False
36
______________: Maintaining internal consistency despite changes in the external environment
Adaptation
Homeostasis
Metabolism
Regulation
37
True or False: Consumers set the amount of energy that is available in an ecosystem
False
True
38
True or False: Parazoa lack tissue
False
True
39
What prokaryotic structure is defined as a whip-like extensions that provide movement?
Capsule
Pilli
Flagella
Fimbriae
40
What concept influenced Darwin’s theory about natural selection?
Fixed species
Artificial selection
Population growth
Theories of inheritance
41
What is comparative morphology?
Comparing anatomical structures
Study of genetic differences
Study of fossils
Study of animal behavior
42
True or False: One function of the cell membrane is to regulate what comes in and out of the cell.
False
True
43
What are the kinds of prokaryotes that often live inside the human body called? (Ex: Assists in carrying out digestion)
Normal Microbiota
Cells
Organs
Autotrophs
44
The theory that all living things are made of cells and come from pre-existing cells is called what?
Germ Theory
Cell Theory
Atomic Theory
Evolutionary Theory
45
What ancient Greek idea did Darwin’s theory challenge?
Natural selection
Earth is 4.5 billion years old
Scala Naturae
Species are adaptable
46
What prokaryotic structure is defined as dormant, tough, and non-reproductive spores?
Bacteriophages
Endospores
Pilli
Viruses
47
In which group of organisms does the "mouth form first"
Deuterostomes
Protostomes
48
Which of the following plants reproduce asexually using gemmae and include liverworts, hornworts, and mosses?
Angiosperms
Non-vascular Plants
Gymnosperms
Seedless Vascular Plants
49
What is an adaptation?
A random mutation
A sudden change in traits
A characteristic that helps survival
A process of reproduction
50
Which of the following animal groups lacks true tissue, has swimming larvae, and sessile adults
Porifera
Molluska
Cnidaria
Arthropoda
51
True or False: The atom is the smallest unit capable of performing all activities of life.
True
False
52
Which of the following is found in Bacteria but NOT in Archaea?
Cell Wall
Peptidoglycan
Plasmids
Ribosomes
53
True or False: Phototrophs get their energy from inorganic or organic compounds
False
True
54
What is the result of sexual dimorphism?
Males and females develop different traits
Organisms develop traits to survive in different environments
Females develop traits for competition
Individuals of the same sex develop identical traits
55
What are one of the two fundamental needs of bacteria?
Sources of Oxygen
Sources of Light
Sources of Heat
Sources of Carbon
56
What antibiotic produced by bread mold was accidentally discovered by Alexander Fleming?
Amoxicillin
Tetracycline
Penicillin
Streptomycin
57
Which of the following are examples of work carried out by life that requires energy?
All of the above
Movement
Growth/Reproduction
Building/repairing structures
58
True or False: Anything can be studied using science.
True
False
59
What does evolution refer to?
Change in the environment
Genetic change over time in a population
The origin of life
Creation of new species
60
True or False: The carpel is the female part of the plant
False
True
61
Which agent of evolution is defined as the movement of alleles between populations?
Genetic drift
Mutation
Natural selection
Gene flow
62
_____________: The way scientists consider ideas and evidence in a repeatable fashion.
Observation
Theory
Hypothesis
Scientific Method
63
True or False: No members of Archaea are known pathogens.
False
True
64
True or False: Asymmetrical competition is the more common type of interspecies competition
True
False
65
Which group shares a common ancestor based on anatomical features?
Monkeys and elephants
Monkeys and elephants
Birds and bats
Fish and amphibians
66
Which of the following are NOT one of the four main classes of important macromolecules found in all living things?
Proteins
Carboxylic Acids
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
67
Ture or False: Inorganic compounds are derived from living organisms
True
False
68
True or False: The independent variable is altered and its effects on the dependent variable are measured
True
False
69
Which the following orders the 7 levels of organization from largest to smallest?
Molecules, Tissues, Atoms, Organs, Cells, Organisms, Organs Systems
Atoms, Molecules, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms
Organisms, Organ Systems, Organs, Tissues, Cells, Molecules, Atoms
Cells, Atoms, Tissues, Molecules, Organ Systems, Organs, Organisms
70
Which of the following is an area of ecology that can be studied?
Population
All of the above
Organismal
Community
71
True or False: Life is organized and not put together randomly.
False
True
72
What is a theory in scientific terms?
A religious belief
A guess about the future
A statement that cannot be tested
A well-established explanation supported by evidence and repeated testing
73
Which of the following cell types contain organelles and multiple, linear chromosome?
Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
74
What prokaryotic structure is where proteins are assembled?
Peptidoglycan
Plasmids
Cell Wall
Ribosomes
75
Bees and wasps evolving to resemble the same black and yellow coloration is an example of what kind of mimicry?
Batesian Mimicry
Müllerian Mimicry
76
What happens when natural selection occurs?
Organisms with adaptations leave more offspring
Adaptations don’t change
Organisms adapt instantly
Adaptations decrease over time
77
Which of the following orders the levels of organization beyond the individual from smallest to largest?
Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism
Ecosystem, Biosphere, Community, Organism, Population
Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere
Population, Community, Ecosystem, Organism, Biosphere
78
Which type of ecology studies how an organism’s morphology, physiology, and behavior meet environmental challenges?
Community Ecology
Global Ecology
Population Ecology
Organismal Ecology
79
Which route of reproduction is defined as passing of one or more genes through routes other than parent-to-offspring
Mutations
Horizontal Gene Transfer
80
True or False: Life can be defined based on one single quality.
True
False
81
What color do Gram negative bacteria turn when stained?
Red
Teal
Pink
Black
82
Which of the following Protists have numerous cilia, two types of nuclei, and inhabit wet environments?
Ciliates
Red Algae
Forams
Apicomplexans
83
True or False: Prokaryotic cells contain a membrane bound nucleus.
True
False
84
__________: An organism that obtains its nutrients from dead organisms and organic wastes.
Consumers/Heterotrophs
Decomposers/Scavengers
Producers/Autotrophs
85
Which of the following is a characteristic of mutations?
Mutations can restore genetic variation in a population
Mutations are always harmful to the organism
Mutations always benefit the organism
Mutations only occur in response to environmental needs
86
Which of the following is NOT a required condition for maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
No mutation
Random mating
No gene flow
Natural selection
87
True or False: Some organisms can do both sexual and asexual reproduction
True
False
88
Who is more well-known for the Theory of Evolution?
Charles Darwin
Carl Linnaeus
Alfred Russel Wallace
Gregor Mendel
89
Which type of ecology focuses on interactions between species and effects of natural/human disturbances?
Population Ecology
Organismal Ecology
Global Ecology
Community Ecology
90
Which of the following groups contains triploblastic organisms?
Radiata
Bilateria
91
What is Biology?
The analysis of human behavior and social structures.
The scientific study of outer space and celestial bodies.
The scientific study of life
The scientific study of minerals and rocks.
92
What is a vestigial trait?
A harmful mutation
A functional trait
A trait with no current function
A new adaptive feature
93
Which type of reproduction is NOT found in prokaryotes?
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
94
____________: a tentative answer to a well-framed question based on available data.
Question
Conclusion
Predicition
Hypothesis
95
True or False: The experimental treatment is the factor being tested in the study.
True
False
96
True or False: The control treatment should be the factor that is altered from normal.
False
True
97
Which type of species interactions involves one organism benefiting by feeding-on/harming another organism?
Consumption/Exploitation
Competition
Mutualism
Commensalism
98
_________: new, complex functions resulting from the interaction of parts
Emergent Properties
Symbiosis
Homeostasis
Osmosis
99
True or False: Heterotrophs obtain their sources of carbon from organic compounds
False
True
100
_____________: One species is eliminated from an area as a result of competition
Competitive Exclusion
Fundamental Niche
Symmetrical Competition
Realized Niche
101
Which of the following plants have, vascular tissue, a sporophyte dominated life-cycle, and don't produce seeds/flowers?
Seedless Vascular Plants
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Non-vascular Plants
102
What effect occurs when a small group becomes isolated from a larger population?
Bottleneck effect
Genetic drift
Founder effect
Gene flow
103
True or False: The mesoderm is found in diploblastic organisms
False
True
104
Which type of prey defense refers to physical characteristics/structural adaptations that help prey avoid predation?
Behavioral Defenses
Chemical Defenses
Morphological Defenses
105
Which idea of Lamarck’s was rejected by modern science?
Evolution is gradual
Inheritance of acquired characteristics
Organisms adapt to their environments
Use and disuse
106
Which type of ecology focuses on how physical and biologicalstructures interact with each other (including non-living)?
Community Ecology
Ecosystem Ecology
Global Ecology
Population Ecology
107
True or False: Competition between members of a different species is defined as intra-specific competition
False
True
108
A community that has reached the last stage of succession is called what?
Primary Community
Climax Community
Final Succession
Secondary Community
109
Which of the following plants include lycopods, whisk ferns, and tru ferns?
Non-vascular Plants
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Seedless Vascular Plants
110
Which of the following are found in all cells, regardless of the type?
Cell Wall
Cytosol
Organelles
Cytoplasm
111
What mechanism did Darwin propose for evolution?
Artificial selection
Genetic drift
Natural selection
Sexual reproduction
112
What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?
Theory is a testable prediction
A theory is broader in scope
A theory can’t be revised
A hypothesis is a broad explanation
113
What is the name of the bacterium responsible for causing Anthrax?
Bacillus anthracillus
Mannheimia haemolytica
Pasteurella multocida
Histophilosis somni
114
True or False: Life requires energy in order to perform work.
False
True
115
Who proposed the idea of gradualism in geology?
James Hutton
Georges Cuvier
Charles Darwin
Charles Lyell
116
True or False: Gram negative bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan.
False
True
117
_________: An organism that obtains energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms
Decomposers/Scavengers
Consumers/Heterotrophs
Producers/Autotrophs
118
Which of the following Protists are single-celled, reinforced by cellulose plates, and create "red tides"?
Brown Algae
Diatoms
Euglenozoans
Dinoflagellates
119
Which of the following types of bacteria can be defined as rod-shaped?
Vibrios
Bacillus
Coccus
Spirilla
120
When an organism consumes __________, there is a transfer of energy
Organic Compounds
Rocks
Water
Biomass
121
One or more species closely resembling another is an example of what?
Competition
Sexual Reproduction
Mimicry
Global Ecology
122
What does sexual selection focus on?
Traits that allow organisms to reproduce asexually
Traits that help organisms adapt to their environment
Traits that improve an organism’s chances of attracting mates
Traits that increase an organism’s survival
123
True or False: Life must evolve.
False
True
124
Which kind of reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to its parent?
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
125
What is the Hardy-Weinberg theorem used to test?
Whether a population is evolving
The physical appearance of a population
The reproductive behavior of a population
The environmental changes in a population
126
True or False: The stamen is the female part of the plant
True
False
127
Which of the following Protists are unicellular amoebas with porous, calcium carbonate tests (shells)?
Forams
Red Algae
Apicomplexans
Ciliates
128
Which type of ecology focuses on how size, structure, and other characteristics of populations change in space and time?
Community Ecology
Global Ecology
Organismal Ecology
Population Ecology
129
Which of these is an example of a vestigial trait in humans?
Brain
Appendix
Lungs
Heart
130
What does the Theory of Evolution state?
Evolution affects only humans
Species don’t evolve
All populations change over time
Species are unrelated
131
What is uniformitarianism?
Earth’s features formed quickly
Evolution happens through catastrophes
Earth’s geological processes change over time
The same geological processes occur at the same rate
132
What is genetic drift most likely to affect?
Populations that experience gene flow
Populations with no mutations
Small populations with random allele fluctuations
Large populations with equal allele frequencies
133
A relationship in which both organisms benefit from their interactions is defined as what?
Mutualism
Parasitic
Commensalism
134
True or False: Life does not require internal consistency.
True
False
135
True or False: Protists are not a very diverse group
True
False
136
Which of the following is NOT an example of homeostasis
The human body releasing sweat when body temperature is too high
A fever caused by infection within the body
Heart rate increasing to meet the oxygen demand when exercising
The pancreas releasing insulin after eating to lower high blood sugar
137
Which of the following Protists are non-motile, animal parasites that have an “apical complex” at one end?
Ciliates
Apicomplexans
Forams
Red Algae
138
What is genetic homology?
Similar DNA sequences among species
Similar body structures
Similar behaviors across species
Different amino acids in all species
139
___________: The events involved in an organism's changing gradually from a simple to more complex or specialized form.
Development
Catabolism
Adaptation
Regeneration
140
True or False: Archaea are more well studied than bacteria.
True
False
141
True or False: More photosynthesis = higher productivity
False
True
142
True or False: Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms.
True
False
143
Which of the following plants lack vascular tissue, lack lignin in their cells, and have rhizoids instead of true roots?
Gymnosperms
Non-vascular Plants
Seedless Vascular Plants
Angiosperms
144
What did Darwin conclude about the Galápagos finches?
They evolved from a single ancestor
Finches were created independently
They adapted to environmental changes on the mainland
All finches were separate species
145
Which of the following cell types are larger?
Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
146
True or False: Adaptations are environment specific
True
False
147
What does the fossil record provide evidence for?
Climate change
Creationism
Extinction and change over time
Environmental adaptation
148
True or False: Prokaryotes contain a nucleus.
False
True
149
___________: An organism that extracts its nutrients from the non-living environment
Decomposers/Scanvengers
Producers/Autotrophs
Consumers/Heterotrophs
150
True of False: Eumetazoa contains Phylum Porifera
False
True
151
Which of the following plants have the most species-rich lineage and produce seeds/flowers?
Gymnosperms
Seedless Vascular Plants
Non-vascular Plants
Angiosperms
152
What prokaryotic structure is defined as a short, thin, "hair-like" attachments?
Pilli
Capsule
Fimbriae
Flagella
153
What is an ecosystem?
Abiotic factors of an environment
Both biotic and abiotic factors of an environment
Biotic factors of an environment
154
What is the name of the molecule for DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Carbohydrate
Chlorophyll
Ribonucleic Acid
155
Which of the following plants are heterosporous and produce "naked seeds"?
Non-vascular Plants
Angiosperms
Seedless Vascular Plants
Gymnosperms
156
Which type of reproduction creates the most genetic diversity within a population?
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
157
Which of the following is the purpose of a capsule?
Protects from immune system cells
One of the above
Aids in attachment
Both of the above
158
Which of the following Protists are common in tropical marine ecosystems and have accessory pigment?
Red Algae
Forams
Ciliates
Apicomplexans
159
True or False: Complex molecules with carbon-hydrogen are known as organic compounds
True
False
160
True or False: Diversity includes both richness and evenness.
True
False
161
Which of the following a is a consequence of asymmetrical competition?
Mutualism
Niche Compression
Character Displacement
Resource Partitioning
162
What is historical biogeography?
Study of species distributions and evolutionary history
Study of fossil formation
Study of modern species’ environments
Study of species’ genetic codes
163
Which of the following describes a diploid organism?
An organism with two copies of each chromosome
An organism that produces gametes
An organism with only one copy of each chromosome
An organism with no chromosomes
164
True or False: A niche can be occupied by two different species so long as the resource is being used in different ways
True
False
165
_____________: a measure of how muchphotosynthesis is occurring in an ecosystem
Energy Flow
Productivity
Richness
Evenness
166
Organisms with structural adaptations such armor, weaponry, and coloration are an example of which type of prey defense?
Chemical Defenses
Morphological Defenses
Behavioral Defenses
167
What prokaryotic structure is defined as a sticky slime layer of polysaccharides and proteins outside of the cell?
Fimbriae
Flagella
Pilli
Capsule
168
Which of the following is NOT a function of prokaryotes?
Photosynthesis
Produce immune system antibodies
Produce Vitamins like B12
Nitrogen Fixation
169
True or False: Gram positive bacteria will stain purple
False
True
170
True or False: There are three prokaryote domains
True
False

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