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PSY220 Exam II (Cognitive Development)
PSY220 Exam II (Cognitive Development)
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Cognitive Development (Ch. 6, 7, 11, and 12)
Flashcards
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Questions
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Answers
1
John Horn maintains that in middle adulthood, ________ intelligence continues to increase.
crystallized
semantic
fluid
multiple
2
Which statement is true regarding postformal thought?
Postformal reasoning is universal across cultures
Ultimately, few adults demonstrate reflective judgment.
Social interaction is not related to postformal thought.
Beginning college students are more likely to use reflective judgment.
3
All of these are characteristics seen prior to a child becoming a target of peer victimization EXCEPT ______.
shyness
poor grades
social withdrawal
depression
4
Which of the following illustrates secondary circular reactions?
Mika kicks his legs while lying in his crib to make a mobile move.
Blake drops his spoon and watches it fall to the ground
Jake pinches his sister to get her attention
Ali sucks on her pacifier.
5
What type of emotion-related info do older adults have a greater capacity for processing as compared to younger adults?
negative information
positive information
conflictual information
nonemotional information
6
Which of the following research designs could test object permanence in younger infants with undeveloped motor skills?
a violation-of-expectation task
a three-mountain task
a deferred-imitation task
an A-not-B task
7
Erik Erikson viewed the first year of life as characterized by the ______ stage of development.
initiative versus guilt
trust versus mistrust
autonomy versus shame
industry versus inferiority
8
Ability to focus on a relevant aspect of the current task & ignoring others that are irrelevant
selective attention
attention deficit
divided attention
sustained attention
9
According to the experts, how do children learn best?
when they are allowed to make decisions on their own
when they see others being punished for misbehavior
when they are reinforced for good behavior
when they are punished for misbehavior
10
All of these are factors in the way prosocial behavior is influenced by reasoning EXCEPT______.
empathy
cognitive maturation
self-regulation
perspective taking
11
What do infants’ motor schemas transform into as they develop cognitively?
thought
skill
memory
decision making
12
____ is the trait of adolescent egocentrism involving a sense of uniqueness & invincibility.
Personal fable
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Collective myth
Imaginary audience
13
A ___ view of morality focuses on connectedness with others & concern for others.
care
community
collaborative
justice
14
Moral judgments based on understanding the social order, law, justice, and duty.
Individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange
Social systems morality
Universal ethical principles
Social contract or utility and individual rights
15
Perceptual speed shows decline in late adulthood and is strongly linked with declines in:
selective attention.
divided attention.
working memory.
semantic memory.
16
Objects and events continue to exist, even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.
Metacognition
Conservation
False belief
Object permanence
17
_______ is the belief that "I can"; ________ is the belief that "I cannot."
Self-efficacy; despair
Self-efficacy; helplessness
Self-awareness; helplessness
Self-awareness; despair
18
The gap between the child’s competence level, what he can do alone, and what he can do with assistance.
the zone of proximal development
an inclusive setting
child-centered instruction
guided imagery
19
The central executive is an important part of ______.
sensory memory
working memory
long-term memory
attentional memory
20
According to Vygotsky, mental activity is influenced by ______.
conservation
. cultural tools
personal fables
reversibility
21
Piaget stressed that young adults are more advanced in their thinking than adolescents because:
they engage in more fantasy and hypothetical reasoning.
they engage in less logical and abstract thinking.
they engage in more idealistic thinking.
they have more knowledge.
22
When does instrumental aggression typically occur?
during play
when interacting with parents
when the child is tired
during meal times
23
Kenzie is taught the acronym ROYGBIV to remember the colors of the rainbow (red, orange, etc.). What is this called?
selectivity
memory manipulation
mnemonic strategy
rehearsal
24
The concrete operation that involves ordering stimuli along quantitative dimensions.
Animism
Horizontal decalage
Seriation
Centration
25
The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes is called:
self-efficacy
self-esteem
self-confidence
self-concept