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Criminological Theory
Criminological Theory
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#basics of criminological theory
Flashcards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Minimal brain damage increases chances of delinquency. When is brain growth most important?
at point of birth
mother's womb during pregnancy
at point of conception
after child learns to speak
2
The key assumptions of the positivist school of thought include all the following EXCEPT
Criminals are fundamentally different than non criminals.
Crime is caused by a single factor.
Human behavior is determined and not a matter of free will.
Society is based on consensus, but not on a social contract.
3
The ____ Theory of criminology grew out of the Classical and Neoclassical Approach.
Positivist
Biological
Body Type
Criminal Anthropology
4
According to biocriminology, low levels of ______ have been found in murderers and arsonists.
serotonin
norepinephrine
dopamine
testosterone
5
Sheldon's body type studies were based upon which population group?
juveniles
elderly
middle aged men
middle aged women
6
Auguste Comte, the founder of Positivist Theory is also noted for founding
Psychology
Criminology
Sociology
Biology
7
Who is the father of criminal justice and also founded classical theory?
Cesare Beccaria
Ernst Kretchmer
Cesare Lombroso
Charles Darwin
8
Criminal Anthropology states that criminals are
a distinct type, physical structure, by birth
specific body type
formed from environmental surroundings
abused by parents
9
Criminological Theory determines...
most everything that is done in the criminal justice field
how serial killers think
how people commit crimes
how criminal justice professionals determine job duties
10
Positivism claims that criminal behavior is a result of all the following factors EXCEPT
sociological factors
biological factors
psychological factors
philosophical factors
11
According to Becaria, the only legitimate purpose of punishment is...
public shame
social contract
deterrence
utility
12
A slight modification to the Classical Theory that added varying degrees to crime is the
Psychological Theory
Sociological Theory
Biological Theory
Neoclassical Theory
13
Which theorist maintains that criminal behavior is chosen to achieve basic needs of life?
Sigmund Freud
Seymour Halleck
Alfred Adler
Abraham Maslow
14
Dr. Stone, forensic psychiatrist, finds brain disorder in all of the following EXCEPT...
amygdala
orbitofrontal cortex
anterior cingulate cortex
hippocampus
15
Psychopaths are characterized as all of the following except
lack of remorse or shame
moral sense of right and wrong
no sense of guilt
subjective conscience
16
Cesare Beccaria recommended 6 ways to prevent crime. Which doesn't belong?
Determine physiological causes of crime
Eliminate corruption from the administration of justice.
Create laws that clear, simple, and unbiased.
Educate the public
17
Classical Theory originated in Europe during the ...
Dark Ages
Enlightenment Period
Renaissance Period
Crusades
18
Criminological Theory may explain criminal behavior but it also explains...
all of the above
behavior of attorneys
behavior of judges
behavior of law enforcement
19
Beccaria's classical theory addresses the motivation of criminal behavior as a product of...
utility
genetic characteristics
social contract
pleasure v. pain principle
20
Modern biocriminology focuses on biological disorders found in the...
limbic system
cardiovascular system
respiratory system
digestive tract
21
Body Type Theory was developed by the work of ...
Lombroso & Sheldon
Beccaria & Lombroso
Kretchmer & Beccaria
Sheldon & Kretchmer
22
The study of the limbic system is important to criminology because it determines a person's..
hormone levels in the brain
oxygen levels in brain
chemical deficiencies
expression of emotions
23
Psychoanalytic theories of crime causation are linked with which of the following?
Abraham Maslow
H.H. Goddard
Cesare Lombroso
Sigmund Freud
24
U
se of punishment of specific individuals to prevent people in general from engaging in crime
General deterrence
Specific deterrence
social contract
social disorganization
25
Of all the biological theories, which one reveals the most accurate and scientific findings?
body type theory
criminal anthropolgy
heredity studies
modern biocriminolgy
26
The research of the Chicago School was based on a model taken from:
ecology
history
sociology
psychoanalysis
27
According to body type theory, which somatotype is associated with the most criminal behavior?
ectomorphic
endomorphic
atamorphic
mesomorphic
28
Prior to initial criminological theory, what major faction determined behavior?
philosophy
religion
government
social forces
29
Durkheim says the cause of crime is _, that is, the dissociation of the individual from _.
sociopathy; sui generis
anomie; collective conscience
sui generis; collective conscience
sui generis; anomie
30
According to Beccaria, hedonistic rationality is commonly referred to as the...
criminal aforethought
criminal motivation
pleasure-pain principle
31
An assumption that attempts to explain why or how things are related to each other is a...
formula
theory
conlclusion
hypothesis
32
Heredity studies attempt to determine if criminal behavior is a result of ...
environmental influences
genetic influences
diet and exercise
chemical functions in the brain
33
There are 4 types of heredity studies. Which doesn't belong?
family tree
twin studies
somatotype studies
statistical comparison
34
Lombroso characterizes a person who exhibits 5 or more stigmata as an
atavist
activist
passivist
degradist
35
Heredity studies fail to prove that criminality is inherited because...
failure to conduct random sample studies
inadequate genealogy records
methods can't separate hereditary influence from environment
