The superego is Freud's term for...

the moral component of personality

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...

you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression

What is cognitive dissonance?

a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions

When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..

are using the availability heuristic

Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...

an intermittent reinforcement schedule

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5/14 Ap Psychology Review

96 termsStudBud Administration25 plays

A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 96

Answers

1
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scores
test scales
test levels
test norms
2
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
fear the dark
print letters
tie shoe laces
3
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
reinforcement
4
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
long-term
short-term
intermediate-term
sensory
5
The superego is Freud's term for...
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the conscious aspect of personality
the moral component of personality
6
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
attachment probing
shared inhibition
strange situation
secure-avoidant
7
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological instability
physiological stability
psychological stability
psychological instability
8
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
surprise
happiness
sadness
fear
9
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
10
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
postconventional
conventional
concrete
preconventional
11
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
after autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
12
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
lens
vitreous humor
cornea
iris
13
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
a percentile score
mental age
a potential score
14
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
loud noise
rat
fear reaction
rabbit
15
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
fast-mapping
semantic slanting
overextension
metalinguistic awareness
16
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
sympathetic nerves
afferent nerves
efferent nerves
autonomic nerves
17
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
insomnia
pseudoinsomnia
18
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
personality
temperament
attachment
19
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
stimulus discrimination
shaping
step-wise conditioning
selection
20
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous sleep
become aggressive
remain in continuous wakefulness
21
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
sensation
perception
attention
processing
22
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
spontaneous remission
extinction
unconditioning
conditioned forgetting
23
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
recall
recognition
relearning
24
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
fill-feed
tree-bird
boat-goat
car-nose
25
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
pseudoforgetting
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
retroactive interference
26
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not been dreaming
a headache
not really been asleep
been dreaming
27
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
morphemic
platonic
phonemic
mnemonic
28
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a narcotic
a sedative
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
29
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
electrographic tomography
computerized tomography
positron emission tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
30
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
medulla
corpus callosum
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
31
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
memory
the endocrine system
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
32
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
the internal state causes the facial expression
33
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
punishment
34
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
coping mechanisms
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
defense mechanisms
35
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
36
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
midpoint
mean
mode
median
37
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use a holistic decision model
are using the representativeness heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the availability heuristic
38
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
pathogens
opiates
teratogens
prenatals
39
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Cannon's area
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
40
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender roles
gender stereotypes
gender behaviors
gender differences
41
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
content validity
predictive validity
standardized validity
criterion-related validity
42
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-walking
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-talking
43
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
conditioned emotional reactions
44
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an achievement test
a personality test
an intelligence test
an aptitude test
45
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
conservation
reversibility
centration
egocentrism
46
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
stirrup
temporal lobe
cochlea
oval window
47
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
48
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
content
absolute
construct
criterion-related
49
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
script
chunk
schema
semantic network
50
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
superstitious behavior
observational learning
classical conditioning
positive reinforcement
51
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
evolutionary theory
drive theory
instinct theory
52
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
heroin
mescaline
marijuana
cocaine
53
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
spatial
mechanical
logical-mathemathical
musical
54
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
is consistent
55
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
saturation
light purity
brightness
color
56
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
the semantic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
attention encoding
57
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
escape learning
avoidance learning
an unconditioned response
positive reinforcement
58
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
procedural
fluid
crystallized
episodic
59
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
location of injury
cortex
thalamus
spinal cord
60
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
gamma
alpha
beta
delta
61
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
intelligence
cognition
mentalism
introspection
62
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
cognitive
humanistic
behavioral
63
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
reasoning
creativity
insight
intelligence
64
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
parietal lobe
thalamus
pineal gland
corpus callosum
65
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold information for a lifetime
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
66
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
67
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete storage failure
complete retrieval failure
partial retrieval
partial storage
68
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a deceptive test
a projective test
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
69
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
70
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
the unconscious
behavior
conscious experience
71
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
conjunction heuristic
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
law of small numbers
72
An antagonist...
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
73
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in agreeableness
low in extraversion
low in openness
high in neuroticism
74
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
75
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
linguistic heuristics
phonemes
syntax
76
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
ablated
encoded
retrieved
modeled
77
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
functionalism
neodynamism
behaviorism
psychoanalysis
78
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
sebaceous gland
79
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
limbic system
reticular formation
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrine system
80
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
predictability
consistency
representativeness
accuracy of inference
81
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
I eated a cookie
i wanted a cookie
cookie
give cookie
82
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
83
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 4
stage 1
REM
stage 2
84
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
exposure to light
cultural practices
amount of time awake
85
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
agonists
action potentials
antagonists
neurotransmitters
86
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
repression
neurogenic amnesia
avoidance
87
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
means
percentiles
correlation coefficients
standard deviation
88
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
light
tone
salivation
food/meat powder
89
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
just noticeable difference
90
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the experimental group
the control group
the observational group
91
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
non-declarative memories
sensory memories
flashbulb memories
episodic memories
92
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
cerebellum
brainstem
limbic system
93
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
state-dependent learning
94
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
alcohol
cannabis
narcotics
sedatives
95
A perceptual set implies that...
people often see what they expect to see
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
96
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
operant conditioning
latent learning
classical conditioning
insight learning

5/14 Ap Psychology Review Flashcards | StudBud