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JDHS Biology Milestone Review
JDHS Biology Milestone Review
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Review Quiz to prepare for the Milestone EOC in Biology #highschool
Flashcards
70 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
70
Answers
1
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
heterozygous
hybrid
homozygous
dominant
2
Which organelle breaks down food into particles the cell can use?
lysosome
Golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
3
Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell?
glycolysis
photosynthesis
Krebs cycle
electron transport
4
Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?
Species make up populations, which make up communities
Populations make up species, which make up communities
Species make up communities, which make up populations
Communities make up species, which make up populations
5
A species that evolved into several different species that live in different ways has undergone
adaptive radiation
coevolution
punctuated equilibrium
mass extinction
6
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
glycolysis → fermentation → Krebs cycle
Krebs cycle → electron transport → glycolysis
Krebs cycle → glycolysis → electron transport
glycolysis → Krebs cycle → electron transport
7
If an organism's diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
6
24
3
12
8
Energy is released from ATP when
ATP is exposed to sunlight
a phosphate group is added
a phosphate group is removed
adenine bonds to ribose
9
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?
anaphase
telophase
prophase
metaphase
10
DNA is copied during a process called
transformation
transcription
translation
replication
11
When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is
natural selection
survival of the fittest
artificial variation
artificial selection
12
The main function of the cell wall is to
support and protect the cell
help the cell move
store DNA
direct the activities of the cell
13
Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Earth before the oceans formed?
volcanic activity
an atmosphere of poisonous gases
bombardment by comets and asteroids
an atmosphere containing oxygen gas
14
For a cross between a homozygous tall (TT) plant and a heterozygous (Tt) plant, which is true?
All of the offspring will be tall
About half of the offspring will be short
About half of the offspring will be tall
All of the offspring will be short
15
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
oxygen and high-energy sugars
high-energy sugars only
ATP and oxygen
oxygen only
16
Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin?
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
17
What proportion of all species that have ever lived has become extinct?
less than 1 percent
approximately one-half
more than 99 percent
100 percent
18
The second part of a scientific name is unique to each
order in its class
species in its genus
genus in its family
family in its order
19
Which of the following contains a nucleus?
eukaryotes
prokaryotes
bacteria
organelles
20
Which of the following explains why bird wings and reptile forelegs are evidence of evolution?
Similar functions point to a common ancestor
Analogous structures indicate a common ancestor
Vestigial structures point to a common ancestor
Homologous structures indicate a common ancestor
21
Which of the following represents the phases of the cell cycle in their proper sequence?
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
22
Which phrase best defines evolution by natural selection?
an adaptation of a species to its environment
a sudden replacement of one population by another
changes in a species as it becomes more perfect
a process of change in species over time
23
Which of the following is biochemical evidence for evolution?
Human hemoglobin is more similar to chimps than mice
embryonic hemoglobin is different from adult hemoglobin
Human hemoglobin is different than mouse hemoglobin
hemoglobin in humans can vary between different individuals
24
A symbiosis in which both species benefit is
parasitism
predation
mutualism
commensalism
25
Who are the best Honors Biology teachers of ALL time?
Dr. Stapleton and Mr. Clay
Dr. Stapleton
Mr. Clay and Dr. Stapleton
Mr. Clay
26
What is produced during transcription?
RNA molecules
proteins
DNA molecules
RNA polymerase
27
Which pair is correct?
S phase, cell division
G2 phase, preparation for mitosis
M phase, cell growth
G1 phase, DNA replication
28
Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and animals are
autotrophs
omnivores
decomposers
producers
29
Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down
carbon dioxide
ATP
water
food molecules
30
A protein that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a(n)
lipid
element
enzyme
molecule
31
Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?
carbohydrates
proteins
nucleic acids
lipids
32
The branch of biology dealing with interactions among/between organisms & their environment is
ecology
modeling
recycling
economy
33
Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
ribosome
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
chloroplast
mitochondrion
34
All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food
interaction
chain
web
network
35
Which of the following is an autotroph?
impala
leopard
mushroom
tree
36
The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells is called
metaphase
anaphase
interphase
cytokinesis
37
The finches that Darwin found on the Galapagos displayed different adaptations including
number of eggs in each bird's nest
similarities of the birds' embryos
birds' different-shaped beaks
length of the birds' necks
38
Gametes are produced by the process of
mitosis
replication
crossing-over
meiosis
39
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
ribose + phosphate group + thymine
ribose + phosphate group + uracil
deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
40
Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT
transpiration
photosynthesis
decomposition of plants and animals
burning of fossil fuels
41
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes
build tissues such as bone and muscle
store and transmit heredity
help to fight disease
42
Examples of fossils include preserved
all of the above
eggs
body parts
footprints
43
According to Darwin's theory, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have
the greatest number of offspring
variations best suited to the environment
characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse
characteristics that plant and animal breeders value
44
Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
mitochondria and chloroplasts
45
Prokaryotes lack
cytoplasm
a cell membrane
a nucleus
genetic material
46
Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT
soil type
temperature
rainfall
plant life
47
The two main types of fermentation are called
lactic acid and anaerobic
alcoholic and aerobic
aerobic and anaerobic
alcoholic and lactic acid
48
According to Darwin, individuals who survive are best adapted. Their survival is due to the
possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness
choices made by plant and animal breeders
possession of adaptations developed through use
lack of competition within the species
49
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web?
food pyramid
food chain
trophic level
energy path
50
Which of the following is NOT an example of a heterotroph?
human
mushroom
grass
leopard
51
In humans, the femur, or thigh bone, is involved in walking. In whales the femur is a(n)
example of natural variation
vestigial structure
example of a fossil
acquited trait
52
Which of the following is released during cellular respiration?
energy
oxygen
glucose
air
53
What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems?
sunlight
carbohydrates
water
carbon
54
The structure labeled I in the figure is a thin, flexible barrier around a cell. It is the
cytoplasm
cell envelope
cell membrane
cell wall
55
A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in sunlight. The gas is probably
oxygen
carbon dioxide
ATP
vaporized water
56
Green plants are
producers
omnivores
consumers
herbivores
57
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
four genetically identical cells
four genetically different cells
two genetically different cells
two genetically identical cells
58
You won't find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
fungi
animals
plants
none of the above
59
What is an organism that feeds only on plants called?
herbivore
omnivore
detritivore
carnivore
60
What happens during the process of translation?
Copies of DNA molecules are made
Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA
Messenger RNA is made from DNA
The cell uses information from mRNA to produce proteins
61
What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?
NADH, NADPH, and FADH2
adenine, thylakoids, stroma
stroma, grana, chlorophyll
adenine, ribose, phosphate
62
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy → 6O2 + C6H12O6
6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
6CO2 + 6H2O → 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy → 6CO2 + 6H2O
63
A pattern in which species have stable periods followed by brief rapid evolutionary change is
convergent evolution
punctuated equilibrium
coevolution
adaptive radiation
64
An organism that cannot make its own food is called a(n)
heterotroph
autotroph
producer
chemotroph
65
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
AGCTTG
GATCCA
TCGAAC
GAUCCA
66
All of the members of a particular species that live in one area are called a(n)
ecosystem
community
biome
population
67
The algae at the beginning of the food chain in the picture are
decomposers
producers
consumers
heterotrophs
68
Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
mitochondrion
vacuole
Golgi apparatus
ribosome
69
Which shows the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from simple to most complex?
cell, tissue, organ, organ system
cell, tissue, organ system, organ
tissue, organ, organ system, cell
organ system, organ, tissue, cell
70
Which cell structure contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities?
cytoplasm
cell envelope
nucleus
organelle
