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AP Psychology Exam Review
AP Psychology Exam Review
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1
what is self efficacy?
the way you feel about others
the way you feel about yourself
the belief you have in others controlling your bhvr
the belief you have that you can do something
2
Perceived internal control over a stressful event results in...
Less reported stress.
Increased arousal.
More frustration regarding the stressful event.
More motivation to solve the stressful problem.
3
Which of the following is an example of the representativeness heuristic?
Solving a problem by breaking it down into smaller parts.
Believing younger people are more likely to start fights.
Making a judgment according to past experiences.
Judging a situation by a rule that is usually true.
4
Which kind of therapist is most likely to analyze a client's dreams?
Humanistic
Behaviorist
Psychodynamic
Cognitive
5
Juan hears voices that tell him to rob a bank. Juan is experiencing...
Compulsions
Obsessions
Hallucinations
Delusions
6
You tense up after hearing scary music during a horror film. In this case, the music is a(n)...
Conditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Unconditioned Stimulus
Conditioned Response
7
Hunger is largely controlled by which part of the brain?
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Hippocampus
8
The Arousal Theory of Motivation
All organism are born with biological tendencies that help them survive
A drive creates an unpleasant state, a tension that needs to be reduced
Concept that motivation arises as a result of biological or physiological
Suggests that people perform actions according to their own arousal levels
9
The amplitude of hearing is
How low or high sound is
How far the sound can travel
How loud the sound is
How close to the ear the sound is
10
What is the independent variable?
amount of money she makes
the number of tables she waits
11
Rational Emotive Therapy...
challenges and modifies irrational beliefs
uses lots of emojis to make people happy
all of the above
rationalizes the use of punishment to cure fears
12
You find a slug on the shed only after it rains. What kind of reinforcement schedule is this?
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Variable Ratio
Continuous
13
Antisocial personality disorder
Involves hyperfixation on one's appearance
Excessively self-blaming
Characterised by lack of remorse
Associated with anger and depression
14
Agonists are psychoactive drugs that...
Enhance the effects of certain opiates like heroin.
Produce tolerance to the drug without withdrawal symptoms.
Mimic the same effects as certain neurotransmitters.
Mimic neurotransmitters and block their receptor sites.
15
Part of limbic system that influences aggression and fear
brainstem
medulla
amygdala
hypothalamus
16
A negative side-effect of ECT is...
Hallucinations
Tardive dyskinesia
Memory loss
Hysteria
17
Proactive interference occurs when...
...searching for evidence to support one's own opinion.
...new learning disrupts the ability to recall old information.
...prior learning disrupts the ability to recall new information.
18
A _____________________ of dopamine at the synapse is linked to Parkinson’s.
deficit
surplus
indicator
malfunction
19
Excitatory neurotransmitters _
Maintains potential
Decrease action potential
Doesn't effect potential
Increase action potential
20
"Brain plasticity" refers to...
The brain's ability to regrow damaged neurons.
The surface texture of the cerebral cortex.
Our adaptability to different problems.
New connections forming to take over for damaged sections.
21
Which of the following are reasons why intrinsic motivation might be better than extrinsic?
Intrinsic is easier and more convenient to provide.
Intrinsic is more effective with a wider range of people.
Intrinsic is higher on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Intrinsic might be more enduring.
22
The maximum height of a normal curve corresponds to the ____ of a normal distribution.
range
mean
standard deviation
statistical significance
23
Weber's Law determines...
Level of subliminal messages
Absolute threshold
Just-noticeable difference
Amplitude of sound waves
24
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Buying a child a video game after she throws a tantrum.
Assigning a student a detention for fighting.
Going inside to escape a thunderstorm.
Depriving a prison inmate of sleep.
25
Which of the following attachment styles is found most often in research?
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Secure
Avoidant
26
Which of the following neurotransmitters allows you to have control over your muscles?
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Thorazine
Serotonin
27
What is confirmation bias?
the inability to look from another perspective, in order to maintain belief
fast, automatic, unreasoned feelings and thoughts
seeking evidence to support an idea, rather than refute it
tendency to approach a problem with a method that worked previously
28
The principle difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study is...
The number of participants involved.
The developmental stage of the participants.
The time span of the study.
The statistical methods employed to evaluate the data.
29
According to research, the most advantageous parenting style for children's development is...
Authoritarian, because children learn boundaries quickly.
Permissive, because children need to explore.
Authoritative, because children have justifiable boundaries.
Securely attached, because parents will meet all needs.
30
Paralysis of the left arm might be explained by a problem in the...
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the parietal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the occipital lobe in the right hemisphere.
31
Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate...
The need for a representative sample to allow for generalizability
Many confounding variables by mixing people into groups
Sampling error by making sure particpants aren't biased
Concerns over validity of the content of the experiment
32
One of your classmates remarks that "Ryan is all id." What does she likely mean?
Ryan uses a lot of defense mechanisms.
Ryan is a highly-ethical person.
Ryan frequently pursues his own desires before anything else
Ryan is a perfectionist.
33
The balanced physiological state we are driven to attain by satisfying our needs is called...?
Primary satisfaction
Equilibrium
Homeostasis
Self-actualization
34
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
the personal qualities of the residents
job discrimination experienced by the residents
poor police protection
crowded living conditions
35
Sensory adaptation refers to
stimulus energies are changed into neural impulses.
the process of organizing and interpreting sensory input.
diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.
increasing perception of a constant, annoying stimuli
36
Gate-Control Theory refers to...
Which sensory impulses are transmitted first.
Which pain messages are perceived.
Blocking sound waves, causing some waves to be undetected.
How our minds use either bottom-up or top-down processing.
37
Antidepressant drugs that treat mood disorders affect which type of neurotransmitter?
Adrenaline
Acetylcholine
Endorphins
Serotonin
38
Phonemes and morphemes refer to...
Basic elements of memories stored in long-term memory.
Elements of telegraphic speech toddlers use.
Elements of language.
Two types of influences language has on thought.
39
What are universal emotions?
facial expressions can influence emotions
first you feel a change in your body then you identify emotion
you feel a change in your body and identify emotion at the same time
emotions are expressed similarly across cultures
40
Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
median
range
mean
mode
41
In most people, which of the following is a specific function of the left hemisphere?
Spatial reasoning
Control of the left hand
Producing speech
Abstract reasoning
42
Paul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test is a(n)...?
Standardized test
Achievement test
Intelligence test
Aptitude test
43
Behaviorists explain human thought and behavior as a result of...
Unconscious behavioral impulses
Biological processes
Individual choice
Past conditioning
44
Psychologists prefer the experimental method to other research methods because...
Experiments are more likely to support hypotheses.
Experiments result in statistically significant findings.
It is easier to obtain a random sample.
Experiments can show cause-effect relationships.
45
Which of the following is an example of random sampling?
Picking out of a hat to assign subjects to a condition.
Approaching any 50 students during 6th-period lunch.
Flipping a coin to assign students to two different tests.
Having a computer generate a random list of 100 students.
46
Which of the following best describes the relationship between sensation and perception?
Sensation is in the senses while perception is in the brain.
Sensation detects stimuli, perception interprets stimuli.
Perception is an advanced form of sensation.
Sensation is mechanical, while perception is cognitive.
47
Which of these apply to ethics in psychology?
Participants must remain safe & unharmed before & after the experiment
Information gathered must be kept confidential
The participants observed must give consent
All of the above
48
The cochlea is responsible for...
Transforming vibrations in the ear into neural signals.
Transmitting vibrations to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
Protecting the surface of the eye.
Sending messages to the brain about the body's orientation.
49
The Gamblers Fallacy -
someone mistakenly believes a random event is less or more likely to occur
accepting/rejecting an argument on the basis of origin rather than content
because one event preceded another event, they must be causally related
because an expert said something is true then it must be true
50
What is survey research?
Gathering data by asking people questions about their knowledge, behavior,
An approach that follows a group of people over time to view behavior
Method where investigator manipulates on or more factors to see behavior-
An observation technique in which one person or small group is studied
51
A therapist who uses whatever perspective "works best" for the patient is described as...
Functionalist
Humanist
Eclectic
Social-cultural
52
Which of the following is most likely to reduce hostility between in and out-groups?
Force the groups to spend a lot of time together.
Give groups a task that must be solved by working together.
Encourage them to avoid each other as much as possible.
Punish the groups whenever they treat each other badly.
53
Transduction describes
propagation of action potentials by receptors
conversion of stimuli into action potentials by receptors
conversion of stimuli into electrical/receptor potentials by receptors
when sensory cortex receives information on stimuli
54
If a test is reliable, it means that...
It tests what it is supposed to test.
It is also valid.
It yields (generates) consistent results.
It is given in the same way every time.
55
stimulus generalization is
results always being different from hypothesis
tendency to evoke same response as if it was the same as something simmilar
minimum amount needed to evoke response
no response is given
56
What is positive reinforcement?
Rewarding undesirable behaviour (operant conditioning).
Rewarding desirable behaviour (operant conditioning).
Rewarding desirable behaviour (classical conditioning).
Punishing rewarding desirable behaviour operant conditioning
57
What is an example of Encoding Failure?
can't recall info b/c of a failure to pay attention when it was presented
the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
temporarilt can't remember something, w/feeling it's just out of reach
58
Redirecting unacceptable urges into more acceptable pursuits defines which defense mechanism?
Rationalization
Denial
Sublimation
Regression
59
Meta-analysis
the group that does not receive the experimental treatment
procedure for statistically combining results of different research studies
analyze,interpret,& make a judgment about what you read,heard, or wrote
variable that changes as a result of the independent variable manipulation
60
In which stage of cognitive development do infants learn object permanence?
Sensorimotor
Formal Operations
Conventional
Pre-operational
61
Depression is associated with low levels of...
Epinephrine
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Serotonin
62
Which of the following two sleep disorders occur most commonly?
Night terrors and Sleep Apnea
Sleep Apnea and Insomnia
Sleep Apnea and Narcolepsy
Insomnia and Narcolepsy
63
Blindness could result from damage to which cortex and lobe of the brain?
Visual cortex in the temporal lobe.
Visual cortex in the frontal lobe.
Cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe.
Visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
64
According to Erikson's theory, adolescents are primarily concerned in a search for...?
Affection
Autonomy
Identity
Career
65
Which is NOT one of the big five personality traits?
Openness
Extraversion
Honesty
Agreeableness
66
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
67
In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was the:
The location of the learner.
The instructions given by the experimenter.
The number of people in the group.
The highest level of shock supposedly administered.
68
The image below shows which of the gestalt principles?
continuity
proximity
closure
similarity
69
What is the median of the following distribution: 6, 2, 9, 4, 7, 3?
4.5
5.5
5
6
70
Which reinforcement schedule would most quickly teach a cat to jump through a hoop?
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
Fixed Interval
Continuous
71
Dissociative Fugue
When someone has 2 or more distinct personalities separated by dissociation
When someone has reported retrospective memory gaps.
When someone has temporary amnesia and ends up in an unexpected place.
When someone acts differently depending on who they are speaking to.
72
Unconditional positive regard:
ability to see things from another's perspective and feel their emotion
attitude of total acceptance towards another person
Just keep swimming
attitude of reserved acceptance towards another person
73
Generating alternate hypotheses to explain a phenomenon is possible in which of Piaget's stages?
Formal operations
Syllogistic
Abstract reasoning
Operational
74
Which neurotransmitter is affected by opiates (pain relievers; often abused)?
Dopamine
Serotonin
GABA
Endorphins
75
Diathesis Stress Model
a biological vulnerability is onset by an environmental trigger
an environmental vulnerability is onset by a biological trigger
controlled by your environment and this is what leads to disorders forming
you are controlled purely by your genes and DNA, biologically determined
76
Top-Down Processing is best described as ..........
Stimulus is guided by brain processes and background info.
Stimuli starts at the receptors and works up to the brain
None of the Above
Stimuli starts at the bottom and works its way up the system
77
Generally speaking, heritability is the extent to which
differences among people due to environment
individual's specific traits due to genes or environment
differences among people due to cultural heritage
differences among people accounted for by genes
78
The Flynn Effect is the finding that...
Television has decreased intellectual performance.
Linguistic skills decline with age.
Intelligence seems to increase with every generation.
The more people take a test, the better they tend to score.
79
Reciprocity Norm
To get kindness and not repay kindness.
To repay kindness if other people are around
To repay kindness for kindness given.
To give kindness for no reason.
80
What is an example of Sampling Bias?
Conducting an experiment on sleep affecting grades with one class of kids
School students in an experiment of sleep affecting grades
Students randomly chosen from the whole school population for an experiment
Patient telling his dentist an answer that he thinks she will approve of.
81
What is prospective memory?
explanation of memory which assumes there are 3 separate memory stores
the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with current mood
remembering to perform an action at a certain time
memories that add details not part of the actual event
82
Which process involves counterconditioning?
Transference
ECT
Systematic desensitization
Somatic therapy
83
Humanistics claim to achieve self-actualization, the ideal-self & self-image must be congruent. What does this mean?
The self-image is remodelled to accomodate the ideal-self.
The self-image is similiar to the ideal-self.
The self-image is different to the ideal-self.
The ideal-self is remodelled to accomodate the self-image.
84
Insight learning is
Process of watching other then later doing the same thing that was seen
One can learn something but not show behavior right away
Sudden realization of a solution to a problem
An active dislike of a particular food due to one trial conditioning
85
Which graph represents a positive correlation?
A
B
C
D
