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Cognitive Psychology: Memory, Thinking, Language, Testing/Intelligence 2025 Flashcards | StudBud
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Cognitive Psychology: Memory, Thinking, Language, Testing/Intelligence 2025
Cognitive Psychology: Memory, Thinking, Language, Testing/Intelligence 2025
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1
Learning something new makes recall of previously learned info more difficult is an example of?
proactive interference
retroactive interference
misinformation effect
persistence
2
What is the brief visual memory that is like a snapshot that lasts for less than a second?
short-term
working
echoic
iconic
3
What are the changes in our nervous system that enhance memory storage?
automatic processing
next-in-line effect
dendrite growth
long-term potentiation
4
What will determine whether you take the WAIS or the WISC?
your reading ability
your primary language
the training of the administrator
your age
5
Because the WAIS and WISC are standardized, 68% of the IQ scores are between:
95 to 105
85 to 115
90 to 110
85 to 120
6
Anterograde Amnesia is...?
Inability to create new memories after amnesia occurred.
Inability to recall old memories after amnesia occurs.
Damage to Frontal Lobe
Inability to retrieve encoded information.
7
Sunk Cost Fallacy
I will quit anything that produce dissatisfaction regardless the cost.
You don't care about what you spend on a bad meal, you will not eat it.
You continued watching a boring movie because the tickets were expensive
You extended a lease rental that was expiring due to the building location.
8
Working Memory is another term for...
Sensory Memory
Long-Term Memory
Your Mother
Short-Term Memory
9
The best way to find information stored in memory is to use
explicit memory
retrieval cues
iconic memory
auditory processing
10
The finding that women scored higher on math tests when no males were present supports
stereotype threat
physical attraction
self-fulfilling prophecy
gender bias
11
Asked to spell "shop" then asked "what do you do at a green light?" most answer stop. Why?
priming
chunking
working retriveal
tip-of-the tongue phenomenon
12
Misinformation Effect
The loss of memory
Disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of new info
The retention of encoded information overtime
Incorporating misleading infor into one's memory of an event
13
What is a critical period?
the age a child will be most receptive to learn language
the age where a child is most vulnerable to illness
the age where children start learning language
the age where children stop learning language
14
"1 is a bun, 2 is a shoe" is a _____ device called a ____ system.
working memory; spacing effect
semantic; chunking
priming; semantic encoding
mnemonic; peg-word
15
What does deep processing involve?
iconic encoding
visual encoding
acoustic encoding
semantic encoding
16
Even though the link has been disproven, many do not vaccinate for fear it causes autism. Why?
Functional fixedness
Belief Perseverance
Confirmation Bias
Representativeness Heuristic
17
No screwdriver? Can't fix it. You don't think to use a butter knife instead. example of...
Belief Bias
Framing
Functional Fixedness
Confirmation Bias
18
What is Retrograde Amnesia?
Inability to recall old memories after amnesia occurs.
Inability to create new memories after amnesia occurred.
Inability to retrieve encoded information.
Inability to direct attention and focus on relevant information
19
Ms. Rengel had to change her password in December. At the end of January, she sometimes still types the old password.
Proactive Interference
Anterograde Amnesia
Retrograde Amnesia
Retroactive Interference
20
According to the self-reference effect, we remember information when
information holds personal meaning.
someone told us directly.
we have been directly accused of something.
we saw the event first-hand.
21
Gambler's Fallacy
Continuing to gamble to recover losses.
Remembering wins more than losses
Belief that past events affect future outcomes.
The allure of a big payout can cloud judgment.
22
What part of the brain is important for new, explicit memories?
hypothalamus
basal ganglia
hippocampus
cerebellum
23
What is the forumula for IQ?
mental age/chronological age X 100
chronological age / mental age X 100
chronological age X mental age /100
24
Not remembering all the details of a common penny is an example of ____ failure.
encoding
misinformation
recall
state-dependent
25
Which is growth mindset?
Feedback helps me improve.
I hate when I'm corrected.
26
What are the 3 stages of the multi-store model of memory in the correct order?
working, short-term, long-term
sensory, short-term, long-term
flashbulb, working, long-term
visual, short-term, long-term
27
Learning info when drunk. Can't remember when sober, but remembering again when drunk.
flashbulb memory
state-dependent memory.
context-dependent memory
spacing effect
28
In the traditional formula, if a 10 year old has a mental age of 12, what is her IQ?
110
120
90
100
29
Asian students outperform North American students in math achievement tests because
American students watch too much TV.
American students have more important things to do.
Asians are genetically superior at math.
Asian students spend much more time studying math.
30
As adopted children grow up, their intelligence
is much more like their adoptive siblings
is much more like their adoptive parents
varies according to their environment
is much more like their biological parents
31
Successful people who have intelligence and grit, demonstrate the importance of ability and
heritability
motivation
aptitude
validity
32
Flynn Effect
the theory that our intelligence is on g and special abilities
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly
our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills
the rise in intelligence test performance over time and across cultures
33
What is the bell-shaped pattern that standardized tests should follow?
average distrbution
scatterplot
normal curve
correlational distribution
34
Why do we recall more sad events when we are currently sad?
melancholic memory
flashbulb memory
mood-congruent memory
iconic memory
35
Essay tests measure ___ & multiple choice tests measure ___.
long-term memory; short term memory
recognition; recall
retrieval; encoding
recall; recognition
36
Define Fixed Mindset
The belief that intelligence can be developed.
Something you accept as true
When people believe that their basic qualities cannot be changed
Not able to be done
37
Which of the following is not helpful when encoding new information?
semantic encoding
distributed practice
massed practice
self-reference effect
38
Jamie remembered something from a dream she believed really happened. What is this an ex. of?
source amnesia
encoding
eyewitness testimony
repression
39
Gambling is perpetuated partly because we can easily remember the times we won. Example of...
availability heuristic
false memory
source amnesia
prototypes
40
Politicians label a military action as a "preemptive strike" NOT "invasion." Example of...
lying
reverse psychology
framing
confirmation bias
41
As we age, what tends to increase?
divergent thinking
fluid intelligence
convergent thinking
crystallized intelligence
42
What is the best way to study for a test?
The night before the test, so it is fresh in your mind.
Spread the studying across many days
Audio tape the info and replay in your sleep
Rehearse repeatedly the night before.
43
Spearman believed there was an overall factor underlying intelligence called
g - grit
g - general intelligence
a - achievement
g - growth mindset
44
We can remember how to do something but can't consciously explain it. What type of memory?
episodic
explicit
implicit
declarative
45
Mary was out of coffee filters. She didn't think to use a paper towel. What is this an example of?
functional fixedness
framing
availability heuristic
algorithm
46
The serial position effect describes our tendency to
remember first & last items of a list best
remember what we had for breakfast
remember things when in numerical order
remember 1st items of a list more than last items
47
In English - adjective then noun. In Spanish - noun then adjective.
semantics
morphemes
syntax
grammar
48
Thinking without language
can improve our performance on the basketball court.
is not possible.
occurs more often in cultures without language.
is found only in animals.
49
When a measurement yields the same results each time it is used, it has a high
validity
standardization
reliability
correlation
50
Brain scans of those with higher intelligence show
less energy required to solve problems than average people.
smaller frontal lobes than average people.
greater fluid intelligence than average people.
more gray matter & less white matter than average people.
51
What is making info meaningful so that we can store it in memory?
flashbulb
sensory memory
construction
encoding
52
The tendency to approach a problem in a certain way especially one that worked in the past.
prototype
mental set
algorithm
heuristics
53
What kind of test is the AP exam?
Valid
Aggregate
Achievement
Aptitutide
54
By the time infants are 10 months old,
their babbling is universal across all cultures.
they are putting 2 words together.
their babbling reflects the features of the home language.
they can speak full sentences.
55
Convergent Thinking
The act or process of knowing
When a child is performing like an older child
Thinking in a variety of ways to solve problems
Coming up with one right answer or way to do a task
56
Central executive
The part of your brain that helps you pay attention and remember things
Making a guess about something based on how much it seems like a typical ex
Continuing to do something because you've already spent time or money on it
When your brain automatically remembers things,
57
What is the capacity of short-term memory?
3 +/- 1
7 +/- 2
20 +/- 4
12 +/- 3
58
What is the driving portion of the driver's test to issue a license?
achievement test
reliability test
aptitude test
predictive validity test
59
Howard Gardner believes the old intelligence tests are limited and should be defined:
as a measure of emotion
with a triarchic factor
within the context of a particular culture
in terms of multiple factors
60
The smallest unit of language that carries meaning.
babble
telegraphic speech
phoneme
morpheme
61
Students wanting to improve tests scores should
spend 5 minutes every day imaging themselves studying.
spend 5 minutes every day imaging themselves getting an A.
think more often.
cram the night before each test.
62
When solving a math problem in your head, you hold the information
here
while you calculate.
rehearsal memory
working memory
iconic memory
conscious memory
63
In working memory, what does the phonological loop do?
trying to remember info that was previously learned
processing visual and spatial info
vivid remembering of past learnings (processed through our hippocampus)
processing verbal and auditory info
64
What is metacognition?
Setting a purpose
Monitoring your own thinking
Using study skills
Playing brain games
65
The USA went to war with Iraq on the false belief it had weapons of mass destruction . This is an example of...
heuristics
fixation
confirmation bias
ignorance
66
What kind of processing do you use when you study info - you work at it and pay attention.
meaningful
redundant
effortful
deliberate
