Abeka 8th Grade Science Chapter 13

Found outside the nucleus of an atom; Has a negative electric charge

Each element is given a unique abbreviation called a _____.

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Part of the nucleus that carries positive electric charge

Group 8 of the Period Table of the Elements

Composed of atoms of two or more elements bonded together

Controlled chain reactions are harnessed by these to produce useful energy

Group 7 of the Period Table of the Elements

Process of combining 2 nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, thereby releasing energy

The organized study of the composition and interactions of matter

Spent nuclear fuel can be recycled in these, which produce more nuclear fuel than they use

The length of time required for 1/2 of the original substance to decay into a new substance

Average mass of all the natural isotopes of an element

The masses of atoms are usually measured in ____ (u); Approximately equal to the atomic mass number

An atom that has an electric charge because of losing or gaining electrons

Group 1 of the Period Table of the Elements

All matter consists of these tiny particles; A Greek word meaning "not cuttable"

No two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers

The dense center core of an atom

Columns 1-2, 13-18 in the Periodic Table of the Elements; Most common chemical reactions involve these elements

Amount of fissionable material needed to be able to set of a chain reaction

Radioactive substances do not remain radioactive forever, but become atoms of another substance through ____.

Electrically neutral part of an atom

Elements show regular and repeating properties when they are arranged by their increasing atomic numbers.

Beneath the main body of the Period Table of the Elements; 30 metals that fit between groups 3 and 4

Concentric layers that surround the nucleus of an atom are known as ____.

Group 2 of the Period Table of the Elements

Most atoms tend to react to obtain eight electrons in their valence shell.

Atoms that are the same element but have different numbers of neutrons

The outermost shell is called the ____ shell, and the electrons in that shell are called ____ electrons. (Both same)

Tiny particles like electrons do not absorb or release energy in a smooth flow; It is absorbed or released in a "packet"

It is impossible to measure both the position and velocity of an electron with certainty.

Has enough energy to knock electrons loose from atoms, forming ions

Area in which a particle electron is able to move

When an atom splits into several pieces, releasing an enormous amount of heat and gamma rays

Designed to show that electrons have characteristics of both particles and waves

Groups 3-12 of the Period Table of the Elements

Composed of a single type of atom

Rows in the Periodic Table of the Elements

Particles of matter that are smaller than atoms

A device that initiates an uncontrolled chain reaction

Most familiar model of atoms

Any substance that is unstable, and likely to produce radiation, is called ____.

Model showing the mathematical probability of finding an electron at a given point

Occurs when an unstable atom ejects a clump of 2 protons and 2 neutrons to reach a more stable state

Protons and neutrons are made of smaller particles called ____.

Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

An excited nucleus releases energy as radiation without a change in the number of protons or neutrons

Columns in the Periodic Table of the Elements

Occurs when a neutron in the nucleus changes into a proton, emitting an electron