Pharmacology - PRELIM

Which of the following are the reasons why Phase I studies removed?

Most commonly heard of when a patient has had renal failure.

A wide variety of books are available for drug information.

Much of the biotransformation that occurs when a drug is taken occurs as part of

It is best not to administer any drugs to pregnant women because of the possible risk to the fetus.

The passage of water and water-soluble components from the plasma into the renal tubule

Media and internet influence the consumer awareness

Liver is the most important site, by which drugs are changed into new, less active chemicals.

Movement of a drug to body tissues.

Protective system of cellular activity that keeps, foreign invaders, poisons away from the central nervous system

A name is given that reflects the chemical structure of a drug.

Sac-like compartments that contain a number of powerful degradative enzymes

A chemical that is bio-transformed by a particular enzyme in the liver causes increased activity of that enzyme system.

Synthetic chemicals used to interfere with the functioning of foreign cell populations, causing cell death.

The net movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

It is a federal agency responsible for regulation and enforcement of drug evaluation.

Used directly or indirectly inhibit the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cancer cells

The following are a responsibilities that describes Nurse is in a unique position except one:

Specific areas on cell membranes that react with certain chemicals to cause an effect within the cell.

It is a route that most frequently used in drug administration in clinical practice.

Continuous evaluation of a drug after it has been released for marketing

The original designation that a drug is given when a drug company that developed applies for the approval process.

Chemicals that may have therapeutic value are tested on laboratory animals.

Specific information that identifies a specific drug.

Movement of substances across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; requires the use of energy

You cannot combine chemotherapeutic angets with other drugs or treatments

Referred to as antineoplastic agents

Human volunteers to the test of drugs. More tightly controlled than preclinical trials

Caused by allergens that come into contact with the skin, nose, eyes, respiratory tract, and GI Tract.

Is a substance that binds to the receptor and prevents the action of the agonist on the receptor

It is the most important area during biotransformation of drugs

Where is the most common and preferred area of injection for SQ route?

The amount of drug that is needed to cause therapeutic effect

One of the factors influencing responses to drugs is due to lack o enymesystem necessary for metabolism called

Pre-existing conditions are covered by the HMO card

Mandated tests for drug toxicity, provided means for recall of drugs; established procedures for introducing new drugs.

Refers to uses of a drug that are not part of the therapeutic indications approved by the DNA

Source of drug that are used to replace human chemicals that fail to be produced because of disease or genetic problems.

Designed to target foreign organism that have invaded and infected the body of a human host

It is the amount of drug in the body to decrease one of the peal level it previously achieved

Common measuring system found in the recipe books

It is the diffusion of solutes through channel protein in the plasma membrane

A branch of Pharmacology that uses drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease

The collective movement of substances in the same direction in response to a force

Made of threadlike proteins, helps cells maintain their shape and allows cells and their contents to move

These are pediatric considerations, EXCEPT:

The intracellular structures of the hepatic cells are lined with enzymes packed together.

Helpful strategies in dealing pharmacology are very important except one

Most widely used conversion in drug calculations

Available without a prescription for self-treatment of a variety of complaints, deemed to be safe when used as directed.

It pertains to the study of the biological effects of chemicals.

Removal of Drug from the body; primarily occurs in the kidneys, but also occur through the skin, lungs, bile, or feces.

It involves the study of absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation), and excretion of drugs.

Process of generating DNA, usually of bacteria, to produce a chemical to be used as a drug.

Pregnancy is covered by the HMO card

Penicillin can only kill gram positive bacteria

The way a drug affects the body.

Movement of substances across a semipermeable membrane with the concentration gradient; does not require energy.

Known to have underlying blood conditions like hyperviscosity of the blood

It secretes products directly into the bloodstream instead of through a duct

Drugs discovered but not be profitable for a company to develop; Would treat only a small under number of people.

Provided incentives for the development of orphan drugs for treatment of rare diseases

It regulates the manufacturing, distribution, and dispensing of drugs that are known to have abuse potential.

In preclinical trials, some of the chemicals are being discarded for the following reasons except one

Which of the following has low potency

Prescribers are informed of all the known reactions to the drug and precautions required for its safe use.

Allows clinical investigators to try out drug in patients who have the disease that the drug is to designed to treat.

Formula for Oral, (D/S) parenteral drugs?

The cytoplasm holds all of the cellular organelles outside of the nucleus

The process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell

Which of the following are the reasons why Phase II studies removed?

It is a name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical company who developed it.

Also known as anaphylactic response.

The nurse knows that medication that could promote abnormality should be best avoided at what stage of pregnancy?

Involves the movement of drug to the body’s tissues.

It is the Federal Legislation that legislated the marketing of adulterated drugs.

The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.

Serves as a protective system of cellular activity that keeps many things away from the CNS.

The movement of solutes against a gradient and requires the expenditure of energy

Pertains to having adverse effects in the fetus.

These are drugs that are available anytime

Documented effect of the mind on drug therapy.

High abuse potential, and no accepted medical use

The body forms antibodies to a particular drug, causing immune response when the person is reexposed to the drug.

Drugs taken orally absorbed by the small intestine directly back into the portal venous system blood.