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Quiz Bowl Quiz
Quiz Bowl Quiz
100 terms
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StudBud Administration
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Rad 152, Rad 254, Rad 255
Flashcards
100 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
100
Answers
1
The primary function of filtration is to reduce
scattered radiation
patient skin dose
operator dose
image noise
2
What should be done to increase the number of shades of gray on an image?
decrease window level
Decrease window width
Increase Window width
Increase Window Level
3
Total filtration for a general purpose x-ray tube must be
5.0 mm Al
.5 Al
1.0 mm Al
2.5 mm Al
4
All of the following are essentially the same term except
intensity
penetrability
quantity
mAs
5
Less than 1% of electrons striking the anode change kinetic energy into
x-rays
heat
recoiled electrons
gamma rays
6
A representation of pixel values on a graph is called what?
MTF
DQE
Histogram
Window Level
7
A bucky slot cover should be what lead thickness?
0.25 mm Pb
2 mm Pb
1.0 mm Pb
.50 mm Pb
8
Imaging systems operate on 220 V of power. What adjusts incoming voltage to precisely this?
line compensator
autotransformer
rectifier
mA selector
9
Control monitors..
serve as a basis for comparison with OSL's
all of the above
are kept in a radiation-free area
should not be worn by an occupational worker
10
Which of the following works on the principle of self induction?
autotransformer
step-down transformer
filament transformer
step-up transformer
11
The high-voltage transformer _____ voltage while _____ current.
increases; increasing
increases; decreasing
decreases; increasing
decreases; decreasing
12
Effective energy of the beam is increased by increasing
small filament
mAs
exposure time
added filtration
13
Which system is responsible for tracking workflow and collecting radiology specific data?
DICOM
PACS
RIS
HIS
14
Which of the following systems is responsible for storing images?
HIS
DICOM
RIS
PACS
15
Rad tech students under the age of 18 are limited to how much radiation exposure a year?
5 mSv
1 mSv
100 mSv
50 mSv
16
The x-ray beam and light beam must coincide to within ___ of SID
5%
10%
1%
2%
17
In comparison with 60kv, 90kv will (choose 2)
Produce more scatter
Increase spatial resolution
Have greater exposure latitude
Produce shorter scale contrast
18
There are 2 types of AEC, the ionizing chamber is located
in front of the IR
behind the IR
in front of the patient
behind the window
19
What is the purpose of shuttering?
To increase spatial resolution
To reduce patient dose
To replace collimation
To black out areas of light and allow fine details to be seen
20
Protective fluoro curtains are required to be what lead thickness?
.25 mm Pb
.50 mm PB
1.0 mm Pb
2.0 mmPb
21
If we increase distance, what do we need to do to mAs in order to maintain image density?
adjust the kVp
increase mAs
keep mAs the same
decrease mAs
22
Which of the following statements about histograms is/are true?
There is a default histogram for each body part
A histogram is representative of the image grayscale
A histogram illustrates pixel value distribution
All of these are true
23
To improve the detail/sharpness of an image you could
increase the mAs
increase OID
utilize a small focal spot
angle the anatomy
24
Why should a tech use a small focal spot when imaging extremities?
decrease patient dose
decrease contrast
increases spatial resolution
increases tube life
25
If SID increases, the ESE will
change color
remain the same
decrease
increase
26
Which of the following is associated with magnification fluoroscopy?
Decreased kVp
A larger portion of the input phosphor is used
A smaller portion of the input phosphor is used
Decreased mA
27
TLDs are accurate & sensitive, detecting radiation as low as 5 millirem
true
false
28
What interfaces with the RIS and HIS and plays a key role in populating image formation to EMR?
Image Storage
DICOM
PACS
Image Manager
29
Dual-focus x-ray tubes have two
anodes
focal spots & filaments
filaments & windows
envelopes
30
True or False: High kVp should be associated with a short scale of contrast
false
true
31
Primary barriers required a thickness of
1/32-in lead
1/8th-in lead
1/4th-in lead
1/16th-in lead
32
When a electron interacts with the nuclear field of a tungsten atom, it creates
bremsstrahlung radiation
characteristic radiation
Compton scatter
leakage radiation
33
Oversees program daily operations to ensure radiation safety guidelines are met
radiologist
RSC
RSO
lead technologist
34
The relationship between the height of a grid's lead strips and the distance between them is:
Grid Focus
Grid Frequency
Grid Ratio
Grid Radius
35
The average effective energy of a k-shell characteristic photon is
12 keV
1 keV
50 keV
69 keV
36
When calculating barrier thickness in an x-ray room all the following are considered except
control
environmental factors
use factor
occupancy
37
Which waveform has the lowest precentage voltage ripple?
high-frequency
three-phase,12-pulse
three-phase, 6-pulse
single-phase
38
OSL dosimeters can be worn for 1 - 3 month intervals & are the most common monitoring device
false
true
39
The image intensifier's input phosphor differs from the output phosphor in that the input
emits electrons, whereas the output phosphor emits light photons
is the same size as the output phosphor
absorbs electrons, whereas the output phosphor absorbs light photons
Is much larger than the output phosphor
40
Which of these fluoroscopy components will reduce exposure to the patient?
Deadman Switch
Lead curtain
Bucky slot cover
Automatic Brightness control
41
The term pixel is associated with all of the following except:
two demensional
picture element
measured in xy direction
how much of the part is included in the matrix
42
A cumulative whole-body DL is the recommended lifetime radiation exposure.
true
false
43
At 50 in SID, how closely must the x-ray beam & light field be aligned?
1.5 in
5 in
1.0 in
0.5 in
44
PACS is responsible for which of the following? (choose 2)
Transmitting images to remote workstations
Maintaining billing information
Ordering radiology exams
downloading images from multiple modalities
45
A device that measures the quantity of radiation that reaches the IR
small & large filaments
anode
high ratio grid
AEC
46
NCRP requires minimum lead apron thickness of
0.25 mm Pb
0.5 mm Pb
1.5 mm Pb
1.0 mm Pb
47
In digital imaging, as image matrix size increases:
Resolution decreases
Pixel Size increases
Pixel depth decreases
Pixel Size decreases
48
Which of these will have the least exposure to the image receptor?
75 mAs
50mAs
25 mAs
100mAs
49
xray intensity across the beam can vary as much as 45%, describes..
line-focus principle
transformer law
anode heel effect
inverse square law
50
Which of these factors will INCREASE signal to a digital IR? (choose 2)
Longer SID
Lower mA
Longer exposure time
Shorter SID
51
A continuous horizontal white line across a CR cassette would most likely indicate what?
Static Electricity
Dirt on the light guide
Incomplete Erasure
Backscatter
52
Annual general public radiation dose limit
1 mSv
5 mSv
50 mSv
100 mSv
53
A nomogram chart is used to calculate
ESD
GSD
MMD
DL's
54
The main difference between direct capture and indirect capture is that:
Direct capture uses a PSP
In direct capture, light is detected by TFTs
Direct capture has no scintillator
In direct capture, light is detected by CCds
55
What affect will a LOW Signal to Noise Ratio have on the appearance of the digital image?
Decreases dynamic range
Decreases Brightness
Decreases spatial resolution
Decreases contrast resolution
56
The voltage supplied to an x-ray unit from the power company may vary by as much as
5%
1%
3%
10%
57
Rotating anodes allow for electrons to interact with a larger target area, therefore heat is
confined to only one set spot
spread out over a larger surface area
not able to be produced
produced but the target cannot withstand the temperature
58
In an x-ray room, what is considered a secondary protective barrier?
ceiling
floor
cafeteria walls
wall behind upright bucky
59
As its difficult to calculate MMD directly,an estimate is made from the
ESD
MMD
occupational DLS
GSD
60
Possible responses to irradiation in utero include all the following
except
spontaneous abortion
congenital anomalies
organogenesis
childhood malignancies
61
Where should the Image Intensifier be placed in fluoroscopy in order to reduce patient dose?
None of these apply
As close to the radiologist as possible
As far away from the patient as possible
As close to the patient as possible
62
Occupational dose monitoring is required when they might receive
10 mrem
5 mrem
1/4th annual DL
1/10th annual DL
63
The x-ray beam & light beam must coincide to within ____ of the SID
2%
10%
5%
1%
64
How efficiently a system converts the x-ray input signal into an output image is known as:
Dynamic Range
Edge Enhancement
MTF
DQE
65
The term effective dose is referring to
localized organ dose
somatic & genetic effects
whole-body dose
genetic effects
66
Grids help to control the production of scattered radiation
True
false
67
Most heat generated at the target is a result of
outer-shell excitation
nuclear field interaction
inner-shell ionization
inner-shell excitation
68
Inherent filtration,aka the tube window, is required to be of what alumium equivalence?
0.5 mm Al
2.5 mm Al
5.0 mm Al
2.0 mm Al
69
Which unit could be seen on the registry?
Roentgen
rad
gray
rem
70
Uniform lines across a CR image is most likely caused by what?
Background radiation
Wrong side of the cassette exposed
Grid lines running parallel to the reader
Double exposed cassette
71
The light emitted by the PSP is transformed into the image on the monitor by the
Helium-neon laser
PSP
Scanner-reader
ADC
72
In digital imaging, as DEL size decreases
spatial resolution increases
brightness decreases
spatial resolution decreases
brightness increases
73
What target interaction involves the ejection of a k-shell electron?
Compton scactter
characteristic radiation
photoelectric effect
bremsstrahlung radiation
74
A cumulative whole-body DL should never exceed 10mSv multiplied by the individuals …
eye color
weight
height
age
75
If an IR is underexposed or overexposed, it can still be displayed as acceptable. This is…
Automatic Rescaling
DQE
MTF
Edge Enhancement
76
True or False: Quantum mottle can be controlled by the radiographer
true
false
77
What is the annual occupational effective dose limit?
50 mSv
5 mSv
1 mSv
100 mSv
78
Maximum leakage radiation from the tube housing measure at 1 meter away is
50 mR/hour
500 mR/hour
10 mR/hour
100 mR/hour
79
Compared to film-screen systems, digital imaging has which of these? (choose 2)
Greater dynamic range
Improved contrast resolution
Higher spatial resoution
Less sensitivity to scatter
80
Decreasing the pixel bit depth will have what effect on the image?
Spatial Resolution will increase
Contrast will be decreased
Brightness will increase
Image noise will be decreased
81
Resolution in CR increases as: (choose 2)
pixel size increases
matrix size decreases
Laser beam size decreases
PSP crystal size decreases
82
Gonadal shielding decreases the likelihood of genetic mutations and should be used..
all of the above
when anatomy of interest is not obscured
when pt is of reproductive age
when gonads lie within 5cm of beam
83
Decreasing the field size from 14x17 to 8x10 with no other changes, will
Decrease the amount of scattered generated within the part
Increase the amount of scatter generated within the part
Decrease the penetration of the part
Increase the penetration of the part
84
For the same FOV, spatial resolution will be improved using
A larger matrix
fewer pixels
Shorter SID
A smaller matrix
85
A high Tissue Weighting Factor indicates a tissue or organ with
high radiosensitivity
low radiosensitivity
high radioresistanciey
moderate radiosensitivity
86
The output phosphor can be coupled with the TV camera or CCD via: (choose 2)
Closed circuit TV
ADC
Fiber Optics
Lens Coupling system
87
If SID is halved, the receptor exposure..
is halved
is quadrupled
doubles
remain the same
88
Which of the following has the greatest impact on contrast in digital imaging?
mAs
LUT
kVp
MTF
89
Quantum noise on an image is directly related to what?
Too little mAs
High kVp
Little filtration
High mA
90
With a fixed kVp, an increase in pt thickness of 4-5 cm requires the mAs be increased by 2xs.
false
true
91
Which organ has the highest tissue weighting factor?
gonads
liver
big toe
lung
92
Quality Control testing for electronic display resolution is commonly done by:
Image Transfer Speed
Repeat Analysis
SMPTE Test Patterns
DQE
93
LD 50/60 states that whole-body dose of radiation that can be lethal to _____ within 60 days.
50% of the cells
50% of eggs
50% of sperm
50% of the population
94
A measure of the rate in which radiation energy is transferred to soft tissue is
ESD
RBE
LET
OER
95
Increasing the window level of an image will have what affect?
Increases brightness
Increases Contrast
Decreases brightness
Decreases Contrast
96
a nonlinear threshold dose-response relationship represents all the following except
ARS
skin erythema
leukemia
hematologic depression
97
Which of these systems would produce images with the highest spatial resolution?
Indirect Capture - Amorphous Silicon
Direct Capture - Amorphous Selenium
Indirect Capture - Cesium Iodide
Photostimulable Phosphor - CR
98
Quantity of radiation exiting the tube is affected by
all of the above
mAs
kVp
filtration
99
Photoelectric absorption results in an ejected photoelectron and
0.51 MeV photons
scatter radiation
characteristic photon/secondary radiation
nuclear fragmentation
100
A high atomic number increases the probability of
coherent scatter
photoelectric effect
characteristic radiation
space charge effect
