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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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AP Psych Review
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1
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
sensory cortex
cerebral cortex
medulla
cerebellum
2
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
3
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
hippocampus
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
4
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
5
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
84
68
95
50
6
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
psychoanalyst
trait
social-cognitive
humanist
7
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
lack of debriefing
lack of informed consent
8
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
early 20s
puberty
mid 30s
late 40s
9
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
variable interval
continuous
fixed variable
fixed ratio
10
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
11
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
central route persuasion
deindividuation
12
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
overconfidence
a theory
hindsight bias
13
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
gate-control theory
14
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
15
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
optic chiasm
optic nerve
feature detectors
16
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
mean
range
median
standard deviation
17
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
18
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
19
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
phallic stage
oral stage
latency period
anal stage
20
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
openness
neuroticism
conscientiousness
extraversion
21
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
lithium
22
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
23
light enters the eye through an opening in the
blind spot
fovea
retina
iris
24
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
presence of an authority figure
placebo effect
25
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
cut with a knife
write with a pencil
say a sentence
26
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
deindividuation
social facilitation
groupthink
group polarization
27
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
28
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
29
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
30
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
phoneme
grapheme
morpheme
holobase
31
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
sleep spindles
alpha waves
delta waves
beta waves
32
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
sight
touch
smell
33
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
cognitive
trait
psychoanalytic
humanistic
34
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
standardization
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
construct validity
35
What is the purpose of the DSM
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
36
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
leading questions
proactive interference
brain injury
relearning effect
37
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
38
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
just world bias
Barnum effect
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
39
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
40
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
extrinsic motivation
primary drives
need for achievement
intrinsic motivation
41
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata
42
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
psychiatrist
43
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
learned responses; physiological reactions
44
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
45
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
46
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
personalities
daily activities
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
47
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
48
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
language acquisition device
phonemes and morphemes
49
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
internal
fundamental
situational
50
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
51
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a probability of chance less than 5%
52
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
token economies
REBT
systematic desensitization
client-centered therapy
53
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
social learning theory
54
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
55
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
disinhibition
social facilitation
social roles
conformity
56
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
universal ethical principles
attachment
object permanence
conservation
57
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
assignment to conditions
random assignment
random sampling
representative assignment
58
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
projection
reaction formation
sublimation
displacement
59
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
in-group bias
60
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
61
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
have been exposed to good, moral role models
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
62
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
63
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
acetylcholine
serotonin
adrenaline
64
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
tolerance
antagonists
dissociation
65
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
66
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
assimilation
discrimination
habituation
67
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
linear perspective
convergence
closure
retinal disparity
68
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
longitudinal study
developmental study
cross-sectional study
69
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
70
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
71
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
72
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
neuroplasticity
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
73
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
absolute threshold
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
74
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
diffusion of responsibility
deindividuation
group polarization
superordinate goals
75
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and low control
76
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
outliers
normally distributed
modes
77
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
sensory adaptation
hearing high frequencies
78
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
79
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
id, ego, and superego
80
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
situational
social
dispositional
81
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
autism
Alzheimer's disease
82
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
dissociative
schizophrenic
personality
83
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
standard deviation
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
84
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
a mental set
belief perseverance
85
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex
86
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
87
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
psychoanalytic
biological
humanistic
88
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
89
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
reciprocity norm
90
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
rods
optic nerve
cornea
91
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
EEG
rTMS
MRI
PET
92
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
synaptic cleft
neurotransmiters
myelin
terminal button
93
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
principle of continuity
the social role hypothesis
linguistic relativity hypothesis
94
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
95
the limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
planning for the future
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
96
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
triarchic
projective
standardized
achievement
97
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
single blind study
98
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
99
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
100
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
101
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
retroactive memory
episodic memory
recall
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
102
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
mental retardation
Down syndrome
103
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
104
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
sublimation
modeling
mirror neurons
105
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
106
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
unconditioned response
107
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
speaking aloud
understanding what was said to her
solving a logic problem
108
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
stepping
rooting
Moro
109
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
110
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
predictive validity
content validity
111
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
social psychology
psychometrics
positive psychology
health psychology
112
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
secondary central dispositions
factor analysis
113
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
difference threshold
bottom up processing
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
114
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
115
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
behavioral
structuralist
pharmacological
cognitive
116
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
117
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
118
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
short-term memory
long-term memory
procedural memory
sensory memory
119
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
serotonin system
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
120
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : increase
remove : punish
remove : decrease
add : decrease
121
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
cognitive
psychodynamic
humanistic
evolutionary
122
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
123
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
pons
cerebellum
hypothalamus
124
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
role theory and dissociation theory
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
125
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
IQ test
achievement test
EQ test
126
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
assimilation
parenting style
attachment
127
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
128
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
partial
continuous
secondary
129
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
are located in the center of the retina
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion
130
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
131
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
William James
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
132
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
balance
touch
sight
hearing
133
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
talking to a patient
134
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
theory Y
postconventional
James-Lange
approach-avoidance
135
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
a strong superego
high self-efficacy
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
136
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
latent learning
observational learning
counterconditioning
insight learning
137
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
138
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
four legs and a seat
pens, pencils, and a computer
139
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
140
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
free association
prefrontal lobotomy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
141
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
correlation study
experiment
naturalistic observation
case study
142
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
143
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
archetypes
functional fixedness
144
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
145
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
146
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
top-down and bottom-up processing
binocular and monocular cues
proximity and similarity
147
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
out-group homogeneity
scapegoating
stereotyping
superordinate goals
148
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
biological
humanistic
149
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
amygdala
hypothalamus
medulla
cerebellum
150
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
standard deviation
median
range
mean
151
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
secure attachment with parents
152
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
153
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
make new friends
go for a run
154
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
counterconditioning
rational emotive behavior therapy
aversion therapy
155
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
environment
temperament
culture
family
156
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
157
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
158
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the serial position effect
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the rate at which people forget information
159
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
evolutionary
cognitive
behavioral
psychoanalytic
160
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that language is a uniquely human skill
the importance of physical contact to development
161
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
law of effect
behavior shaping
higher-order conditioning
162
which structure is part of the inner ear
tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
basilar membrane
auditory canal
163
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
heightened manifest dream content
interference with memory tasks
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep