Unit 3 - Cell Reproduction & Gene Expression

Question 1

Transcription begins at the ___________, a sequence of DNA that signals the start of a gene.

Accepted Answer

promoter

Question 2

A(n) ______________ point mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are added to the gene.

Accepted Answer

insertion

Question 3

Which of the following actions does NOT occur during G2, the second growth phase?

Accepted Answer

splitting of cytoplasm

Question 4

The synthesis phase, or S phase, is when a cell copies all of its _____.

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 5

Homologous chromosome pairs line up in different formations during metaphase I. This is called _______________________.

Accepted Answer

independent assortment

Question 6

Cells with both sets of chromosomes, like somatic cells, are called ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

diploid

Question 7

In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 8

From what type of monomer are proteins made?

Accepted Answer

amino acid

Question 9

At the G1 checkpoint, it is determined whether a cell will ________ or not.

Accepted Answer

divide

Question 10

Cells with one set of chromosomes, like sperm and egg cells, are called _________ cells.

Accepted Answer

haploid

Question 11

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear membrane dissolve?

Accepted Answer

prophase

Question 12

A _____________ is a photograph of all the chromosomes in a dividing cell used to detect changes in chromosome number.

Accepted Answer

karyotype

Question 13

Which type(s) of RNA is involved in translation?

Accepted Answer

All are correct!

Question 14

During which phase of mitosis do the chromatids separate and are pulled to the poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

anaphase

Question 15

_____________ is a form of cell division that halves the number of chromosomes and consists of two separate divisions.

Accepted Answer

meiosis

Question 16

A _______ mutation results in a codon that codes for the same amino acid, which doesn't affect the protein.

Accepted Answer

silent

Question 17

A ___________ mutation is when a segment of the chromosome is reversed.

Accepted Answer

inversion

Question 18

During which phase of meiosis II do chromatids become separated by spindle fibers?

Accepted Answer

anaphase II

Question 19

The spindle helps move _______________ towards the opposite poles of the cell.

Accepted Answer

chromosomes

Question 20

Bacteria reproduce by ___________________.

Accepted Answer

binary fission

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a possible source of the mutations that cause cancer?

Accepted Answer

being in close contact with someone who has cancer

Question 22

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell?

Accepted Answer

metaphase

Question 23

At the M checkpoint, the __________ of chromosomes is checked.

Accepted Answer

alignment for division

Question 24

The first growth phase, where a cell grows to full maturity and carries out routine functions, is abbreviated as ____.

Accepted Answer

G1

Question 25

Meiosis is important because it allows for the rapid generation of new __________ combinations.

Accepted Answer

genetic

Question 26

In ____________, ribosomes read the instructions in a strand of RNA to construct a polypeptide amino acid chain.

Accepted Answer

translation

Question 27

The promoter region is overlapped by the region called the ___________, which serves as an on/off switch for the gene.

Accepted Answer

operator

Question 28

Proteins associated with DNA are called ____________.

Accepted Answer

histones

Question 29

________________ RNA are a part of the ribosome's structure.

Accepted Answer

Ribosomal

Question 30

The result of meiosis is _____ haploid cells.

Accepted Answer

four

Question 31

Since only one sperm and one egg can fuse, ________ fertilization results in more possible genetic combinations.

Accepted Answer

random

Question 32

When homologous chromosomes exchange segments with multiple genes in meiosis I, it is called ________________.

Accepted Answer

crossing-over

Question 33

Changes in chromosome number happen due to chromosomes failing to separate, a process called __________________.

Accepted Answer

nondisjunction

Question 34

At the G2 checkpoint, the _________ is checked by repair enzymes.

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 35

An organism's reproductive cells, like sperm and egg cells, are called _____________.

Accepted Answer

gametes

Question 36

The production of proteins according to the instructions in an organism's genes is called ______________.

Accepted Answer

protein synthesis, gene expression

Question 37

By what type of bond are amino acids held together in a protein?

Accepted Answer

peptide

Question 38

During which phase of meiosis I do homologous chromosomes get separated?

Accepted Answer

anaphase I

Question 39

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes uncoil and the nuclear membrane reforms?

Accepted Answer

telophase

Question 40

When an individual is missing a chromosome from a pair, it is called _____________.

Accepted Answer

monosomy

Question 41

Which of the following is the START codon, which codes for methionine?

Accepted Answer

AUG

Question 42

Which of the following are human somatic cells? There are three correct choices.

Accepted Answer

muscle cell, brain cell, blood cell

Question 43

A ____________ mutation is when a segment is removed and added to another chromosome that is not the homologous partner.

Accepted Answer

translocation

Question 44

If a mutation occurs which deregulates the cell cycle, __________ can occur.

Accepted Answer

cancer

Question 45

A chromosome is made of two identical __________.

Accepted Answer

chromatids

Question 46

Cytokinesis is the division of the _____________.

Accepted Answer

cytoplasm

Question 47

_______________ RNA attach to an mRNA in the ribosome, bringing in amino acids for a polypeptide chain.

Accepted Answer

Transfer

Question 48

_______________ RNA carries the genetic code in three-nucleotide sequences to ribosomes.

Accepted Answer

Messenger

Question 49

Each chromosome pair shares their size, shape and genetic content. They are called _____________ chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

homologous

Question 50

During which phase of meiosis I do homologous chromosomes line up at the equator together?

Accepted Answer

metaphase I

Question 51

In prokaryotic cells, transcription and translation both occur in the nucleus.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 52

A _________ mutation results in a ‘STOP’ codon, which shortens the protein.

Accepted Answer

nonsense

Question 53

When an individual possesses an extra chromosome in a pair, it is called _____________.

Accepted Answer

trisomy

Question 54

M phase, or mitosis, is the division of the _________.

Accepted Answer

nucleus

Question 55

In mRNA, three nucleotide sequences, called __________, carry genetic instructions to make proteins.

Accepted Answer

codons

Question 56

The process by which genetic information coded in DNA is transferred to a molecule of RNA is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

transcription

Question 57

DNA is replicated ONLY before prophase I of meiosis I.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 58

The _______________ is the point at which two chromatids are attached.

Accepted Answer

centromere

Question 59

No matter what type of cell division is occurring, ALL the information in DNA must be present in each of the new cells.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 60

A(n) ______________ point mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are removed from the gene.

Accepted Answer

deletion

Unit 3 - Cell Reproduction & Gene Expression

Questions 60

Unit 3 - Cell Reproduction & Gene Expression

Questions 60