stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
AP Psych Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
163 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
27 plays
#appsychology
Flashcards
163 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
163
Answers
1
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
specific changes in the brain
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
2
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
antisocial personality disorder
3
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
social learning theory
latent learning
4
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
write with a pencil
clap their hands
cut with a knife
5
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
secondary drives and needs
6
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
retroactive memory
recall
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
7
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
substance abuse and dependence
8
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
95
68
84
50
9
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
inferential statistics
standard deviation
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
10
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
biomedical interventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
talking to a patient
secondary preventions
11
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
latent learning
sublimation
mirror neurons
12
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
personality
dissociative
schizophrenic
13
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : increase
remove : decrease
add : decrease
remove : punish
14
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
15
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
risk of psychological harm
lack of debriefing
16
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
humanistic
psychodynamic
biological
evolutionary
17
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
William James
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
18
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
19
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
placebo effect
size of the group
20
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
21
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
22
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
individualism
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
23
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
principle of continuity
the social role hypothesis
gender schema theory
24
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex
medulla
25
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
need for achievement
26
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
27
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
low experiential intelligence
a mental set
belief perseverance
divergent thinking
28
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
hypothesis testing
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
29
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
30
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
increasing group polarization within different groups
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
responding to deindividuation among group members
31
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
just world bias
false consensus effect
self-serving bias
Barnum effect
32
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate has a lack of conservation
33
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
performing a task and receiving food
movement and electrical shocks
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
34
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
35
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
sight
touch
smell
36
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
37
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
balance
touch
hearing
38
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
39
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
antagonists
activation-synthesis
dissociation
40
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
counterconditioning
latent learning
observational learning
41
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
42
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
43
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
developmental study
44
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
45
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
46
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
47
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
content validity
split-half reliability
predictive validity
48
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
phoneme
holobase
grapheme
49
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
prefrontal lobotomy
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
gestalt therapy
50
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
51
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
52
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
53
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
54
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
55
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
56
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
57
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
be able to take another person's perspective
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
58
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
internal
fundamental
situational
59
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
normally distributed
modes
outliers
variances
60
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
theory Y
postconventional
approach-avoidance
61
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
a strong superego
high self-efficacy
62
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
Down syndrome
mental retardation
fetal alcohol syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
63
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
language acquisition device
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
64
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
alpha waves
beta waves
delta waves
sleep spindles
65
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
health psychology
social psychology
psychometrics
66
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
a theory
overconfidence
self-serving bias
67
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
serotonin system
68
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
closure
convergence
linear perspective
69
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
deindividuation
social facilitation
groupthink
group polarization
70
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
71
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
72
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
behavioral
structuralist
pharmacological
cognitive
73
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
evolutionary
humanistic
cognitive
psychodynamic
74
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
family
temperament
culture
environment
75
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
76
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
she does not have a conflict
avoidance-avoidance
approach-approach
approach-avoidance
77
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
learned associations
unhealthy attributional styles
78
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
triarchic
standardized
achievement
projective
79
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
universal ethical principles
attachment
object permanence
conservation
80
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
Babinski
rooting
Moro
81
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
82
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
role theory and dissociation theory
manifest content and latent content
83
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a probability of chance less than 5%
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a correlation coefficient close to .75
84
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
PET
EEG
MRI
rTMS
85
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
range
mean
standard deviation
86
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
87
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
behavioral
social
situational
88
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
phallic stage
latency period
oral stage
89
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
extraversion
openness
conscientiousness
neuroticism
90
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
achieving physiological homeostasis
91
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
relearning effect
brain injury
proactive interference
leading questions
92
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
variable interval
fixed ratio
fixed variable
continuous
93
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
sound localization
94
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
random sampling
random assignment
assignment to conditions
95
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
environmental factors that influence intelligence
nonessential subjects like art and music
96
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
episodic memory
97
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
98
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
client-centered therapy
REBT
token economies
99
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
100
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
Hawthorne effect
counterbalancing
single blind study
double blind study
101
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
functional fixedness
102
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
interference with memory tasks
sleep apnea and night terrors
heightened manifest dream content
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
103
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
difference threshold
bottom up processing
104
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
optic nerve
cornea
rods
105
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
opponent process theory
social facilitation theory
James-Lange theory
106
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
panic disorder
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
bipolar disorder
107
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
attachment
parenting style
motor development
108
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
adrenaline
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
109
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
110
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
psychoanalytic
cognitive
humanistic
111
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
inattentional blindness
framing effects
confirmation bias
112
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
primary
partial
continuous
113
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
mean
range
standard deviation
114
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
daily activities
sleep cycles
personalities
circadian rhythm
115
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
psychoanalyst
humanist
trait
social-cognitive
116
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Alzheimer's disease
autism
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
117
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
EQ test
IQ test
achievement test
118
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic chiasm
fovea
optic nerve
feature detectors
119
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
psychoanalytic
humanistic
trait
biological
120
light enters the eye through an opening in the
blind spot
iris
retina
fovea
121
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
lithium
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
122
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
123
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are unable to detect motion
respond more quickly to colors
are located in the center of the retina
have a lower absolute threshold for light
124
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
naturalistic observation
correlation study
experiment
125
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
out-group homogeneity
self-fulfilling prophecy
126
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
a desk and/or table
127
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
128
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
behavior shaping
higher-order conditioning
token economy
law of effect
129
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
understanding what was said to her
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
130
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
131
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
terminal button
neurotransmiters
synaptic cleft
myelin
132
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
133
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
id, ego, and superego
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
134
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
135
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
136
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
137
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
138
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
139
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
140
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
141
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
142
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
long-term memory
short-term memory
sensory memory
procedural memory
143
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
processing sensory information
planning for the future
regulating emotion
144
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social facilitation
disinhibition
social roles
conformity
145
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
sublimation
reaction formation
projection
146
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
cognitive psychologist
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
147
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
top-down and bottom-up processing
148
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
central route persuasion
deindividuation
149
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
go for a run
150
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
frequency theory
151
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
accommodation
assimilation
habituation
152
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
modeling
positive reinforcement
153
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
early 20s
mid 30s
late 40s
puberty
154
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
semantic encoding
155
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
superordinate goals
group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
deindividuation
156
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
medulla
cerebellum
amygdala
157
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
standardization
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
construct validity
158
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
social cognitive theroy
159
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
defense mechanisms
factor analysis
unconditional positive regard
secondary central dispositions
160
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
evolutionary
behavioral
psychoanalytic
161
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
162
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
cerebellum
163
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
aversion therapy