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APES FINAL 2024
APES FINAL 2024
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1
*Which of the following has the greatest Global Warming Potential (GWP)?
Nitrous Oxide
Carbon Monoxide
Hydroflurocarbons
Methane
2
What forms when continental crust converges with continental crust?
Folded Mountains
Volcanoes
Islands
Rift Valleys
3
The number of years it takes to double a population
double-double
doubling time
HDI double
spaghetti forgetti
4
R-selective species have _____; while K-selective species have _____.
a population near the carrying capacity; rapid population growth
long life spans with many offspring; shorter life spans and fewer offspring
short life spans with many offspring; longer life spans and fewer offspring
no fluctuations in population size; many fluctuations in population size
5
Type 1 survivorship indicates which type of reproductive strategy?
r-selected
K-selected
6
Which method of timber harvesting has the least impact on ecosystems?
Seed-tree approach
Clear-cutting
adaptive management
Selection system
7
What are two carbon sinks that store carbon for millions of years? (Two answers, choose one)
Fossil Fuels
Plants
Limestone
Animals
8
Acid precipitation is caused by...
Carbonates
oxygen
nitrogen and sulfur oxides
Carbon dioxide
9
Solar panels (photovoltaic cells) are made from what material?
calcium
silicon
sodium
chromium
10
A consequence of human population growth
A decrease in natural resources
An increase in biosphere stability
A decrease in deforestation
An increase in numbers and kinds of animals worldwide
11
Found at subduction zones
Shield
Composite Volcano
Cinder Cone
Caldera
12
Name a landform that forms from a continental-continental convergence.
island arcs
rift valleys
mountains
mid-ocean ridges
13
Which of the following describes
denitrification
?
Changes N2 gas to ammonium
Changes nitrates into plant biomass
Changes ammonium to nitrates
Changes nitrates to N2 gas
14
A house that uses passive solar heating in the Northern Hemisphere will
have large north facing windows
have large south facing windows
have little insulation
have an overhang to shade the house
15
Tropical rainforest biomes...
do not play a role in peoples lives
help maintain global weather patterns and rain
experience the least amount of precipitation
have very dry climates
16
Tragedy of the Commons
Shakespearean Play
The persecution of a person or group over resources
Depletion of a shared resource
Negotiations over a resource rich land
17
Persistent Organic Pollutants
are very rare in the ocean
do not break down in the environment
do not dissolve in seawater
are a natural occurrence
18
what causes coral bleaching?
cyclones
oil spills
acid rain
high water temperatures
19
___________ is the study of human population growth.
Biology
Demography
Ecology
Geography
20
layers of atmosphere
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
crust, mantle, core
lithosphere, medophere, inner core and outer core
tropsophere, mesaphere, thermospere, core
21
Concentrated Solar Power
Uses a solar collector to heat air or water
Cell that converts solar energy into electricity
Energy derived from the suns radiation
Use of parabolic mirrors to concentrate sunlight into a beam
22
Wet and dry scrubbers are used to:
Clean dishes
Remove air pollutants from automobile exhaust
Remove oil from polluted waters
Remove air pollutants from industrial exhaust
23
Coal, the dirtiest of all the fossil fuels, releases all but the following when burned.
Sulfer oxides
Lead (Pb)
Mercury (Hg)
CO2
24
When was the Demographic Transition Model created?
1933
1929
2017
1967
25
What might cause a population to exceed carrying capacity?
slow growth rate
mild winter where food is plentiful
forest fire which destroys habitat
newly protected forest area in different region
26
How would you compare specialist vs generalist species in their ability to respond to ecosystem disturbances?
Generalists are > at adapting to ecosystem disturbances than specialists
Neither specialists/generalists cannot adapt to ecosystem disturbances
Specialists = generalists at adapting to ecosystem disturbances
Specialists are > at adapting to ecosystem disturbances than generalists
27
Conventional natural gas is often found in deposits above what other resource?
water
coal
oil
peat
28
What island would be least biodiverse according to the theory of island biogeography?
a large island that is close to the mainland
a small island that is close to the mainland
A small island that's far from the mainland
a large island that's far from the mainland
29
Of sand, silt, & clay, which has the highest permeability?
Sand
Clay
All are equal
Silt
30
_____ drives the water cycle
Lakes
Grass
Clouds
Sun
31
At transform plate boundaries, two plates....
...rub against each other up and down
....subduct
...move away from each other diagonally
...move past each other horiztonally
32
_______________ can combine with volitile organic compounds to form ground-level ozone.
lead
carbon monoxide
nitrogen oxide
sulfur dioxide
33
The layer of the atmosphere between the stratosphere and the thermosphere is called the
mesosphere
exosphere
troposphere
ionosphere
34
The Paris Agreement is
a treaty aimed at reducing co2 emissions
a treaty aimed at increasing production levels
a new location for development
a treaty for the US and Canada only
35
As altitude increases, temperature
Stays the Same
None of the above
Increases
Decreases
36
An example of an organism with a type 1 survivorship curve is:
human
squirrel
oyster
37
r-selected species characteristics include
produce fewer, larger offspring
short lifespans
long gestation period
little to no parental care
38
Nitrogen Fixation is when bacteria combines nitrogen gas with hydrogen to make ammonia.
True
False
39
What have the highest GWP?
Chlorofluorocarbons
Water vapor
Methane
Sulfur hexafluoride
40
Catalytic converters reduce
nitrogen oxides
carbon monoxide
hydrocarbons
all of these
41
Which of the following describes transpiration?
When water is released by plants after respiration
When water enters the ground
When water is moved to a different geographic area
When water accumulates in bodies of water
42
What is made from ground level ozone combining with vehicle exhaust?
potable water
CFCs
smog
acid rain
43
Which of the followings not true about temperate deciduous forest
Both 1 and 2
trees grow green leaves in spring & loose them in summer
soil is rich and plants cover forest floor
animals like squirrels find food like berries and nuts
44
Carrying capacity is...
All the living organisms in an area.
The amount of organisms an ecosystem can provide resources for.
Maximum organisms that can FIT in an area.
How many organisms living in an area.
45
What is the difference between Gross and Net Primary Production (GPP vs NPP)?
GPP is always less than NPP.
GPP deals with light energy while NPP deals with chemical.
GPP is NPP minus the energy producers use for respiration.
NPP is GPP minus the energy producers use for respiration.
46
Which of the following describes runoff in the hydrologic cycle?
When water travels underground into aquifers
Water moving on surface of the earth towards rivers/lakes
When water is heated and transformed into a gas
When water is released by plants after respiration
47
Terrestrial biomes are those that are
in the water
in the air
on the land
over all the planet
48
Defne Endocrine Distributer
a chemical that interferes with the cardiovascular system of humans
a chemical that assists the endocrine system of humans and wildlife
a chemical that assists a humans nervous system
a chemical that interferes with the endocrine system of humans and wildlife
49
Which of the following describes infiltration?
when water accumulates in rivers and lakes
when water is released from the leaves of plants
when water is moved into a new geographic area
when water enters the ground
50
What is the doubling time for a population with a growth rate,
R,
of 5%?
70 years
14 years
5 years
35 years
51
As a result of bioaccumulation and biomagnification, which trophic level would suffer the greatest risk?
tertiary consumers
primary consumers
producers
secondary consumers
52
Which of the following would have the highest albedo?
Soil
Tropical Rainforest
Snow
Asphalt
53
Continental-Continental,Oceanic-Oceanic,Continental-Oceanic are what plate boundary type?
Divergent
Transform
Convergent
54
Flood irrigation
uses less water than spray irrigation
uses pumps to make water flow across a paddock
uses gravity to allow water to flow down a paddock.
55
Infant Mortality Rate
# of births/ year
# of babies that die before age 1
# of babies born/ year
# of deaths/ year
56
Biomagnification vs. Bioaccumulation
biomagnification-species bioaccumulation-ecosystem affected
Biomagnification and Bioaccumulation- No effect on the ecosystem or species
Biomagnification-ecosystem affected bioaccumulation-species
Biomagnification and Bioaccumulation- all are affected
57
Which of the following organisms are herbivores?
ladybugs and grasshoppers
white grubs and caterpillars
owls and dragonflies
finches and mosquitoes
58
Non-native, or invasive species tend to have a negative effect on an ecosystem because
they have little or no predators
they eat the native species reducing their numbers
all of these are correct
they can outcompete native species
59
Which non-renewable source of energy produces the most CO2?
Nuclear
Oil
Natural Gas
Coal
60
Which biome would have the highest net primary production?
savanna
coral reefs
desert
boreal forest
61
Which of these descriptions matches the Desert Biome?
Hot year round, humid with heavy rainfall
Hot and dry summer; mild but humid winter
Average rainfall, warm summers and cold winters
Very hot and dry; little to no rainfall
62
Drip irrigation
reduces weed growth.
all of these answers are correct.
is 95% water efficient.
involves dripping water near the roots of a plant.
63
If a population doubles every 23.3 years, what is the growth rate?
3%
2%
1%
4%
64
eutrophication is caused by
excessive nutrients
thermal pollution
CFCs
acid rain
65
What gas makes up most of the Earth's atmosphere?
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Oxygen
66
Which best explains point source vs. non point source pollution?
point source has a single origin
point source can't be traced
point source is from humans, non point source from animals
non point source has a single origin
67
Nuclear power
is nonrenewable.
is made from petroleum.
is renewable.
is a type of fossil fuel.
68
Which method of timber harvesting cuts an entire stand of forest at one time?
old growth harvesting
deforestation
clear cutting
selective cutting
69
What are factors that affect infant mortality rate?
Infectious disease rates and poverty rates
Access to healthcare and infectious disease rates
Educational opportunities and poverty rates
Access to healthcare & good nutrition
70
What is biodiversity?
How many different organisms are in one ecosystem
Organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
One species in an ecosystem
The variations of alleles in a population
71
What is the region within the mesosphere and thermosphere that contains ions called?
radiation
convection
exosphere
ionosphere
72
What can cause habitat destruction?
disease
weather
fire
all of these
73
Disadvantage of Biofuel.
Causes removal of rainforest by using agricultural land.
Produces radioactive waste
Causes acid rain
Produces smog
74
What forms when oceanic crust diverges?
New crust
Mountains form
Islands are created
Creates mid-ocean ridges (seafloor spreading) & new crust
75
The montreal protocol....?
set NOx emission standards in deforestation
identified point source pollution sites and regulated them
involved the invention of the electrostatic precipitator
required participants to phase out ozone depleting chemicals
76
Creates funds to reclaim abandoned coal mines.
Surface Mining Reclamation and Control Act
NEPA
Federal Land Policy and Management Act
Soil Conservation Act
77
Environmental problem associated with abandoned coal mines?
Acid mine drainage due to the leaching of spoil heaps
Released nutrients that cause eutrophication into streams
Thermal pollution of streams in the area
Air pollution caused by smog from ozone formation
78
Biomes with higher temperatures and less precipitation tend to have
taller and denser vegetation
taller and less dense vegetation
shorter and less dense vegetation
shorter and denser vegetation
79
Most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas.
CH4
CFC
CO2
H2O
80
Planting trees can prevent sediment pollution.
False
True
81
As altitude increases in the stratosphere, temperature ______________
increases
decreases
82
Two factors that affect climate?
Temperature and Vegetation
Temperature and Precipitation
Precipitation and Vegetation
Species and Temperature
83
Which of the following would have the highest level of dissolved oxygen in the water?
Bog
salt marsh
Stream
swamp
84
Who is a Primary Consumer?
Seal
Sea Urchin
Gull
Lobster
85
Indoor air pollutants
All of the above
Carbon monoxide
Asbestos
Nitrogen oxides
86
Ocean acidification is caused by __________ and can significantly affect _______
carbon dioxide, shellfish
sea level rise, baby seals
mining, coral reefs
dissolved oxygen, fish
87
Which is a problem related clearcutting?
Wildlife loses large areas of habitat
Soil is turned up
timber companies save money
Erosion of soil stops
88
An r-selected species has
significant parental care
a type I survivorship curve
fast population growth rate
few offspring
89
Oceanic/oceanic convergence
Himalayas
Aleutian Islands
California
Mid Ocean Ridge
90
What kind of climate does the tundra have?
Hot
Temperate
Cold
Both hot and cold
91
Which body of water has the highest level of salinity?
river
marsh
lake
ocean
92
What forms when an ocean plate and continental plate converge?
Seafloor Spreading
Subduction creates volcanic mountain ranges.
Subduction creates volcanic island arcs.
Rift Valleys
