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PHYSICS EXAM 2 PART 2 Flashcards | StudBud
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PHYSICS EXAM 2 PART 2
PHYSICS EXAM 2 PART 2
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1
What is a decimal number?
A group of eight bits
A term for the resolution of analog images
A series of digits ranging from 0 to 9
A series of zeroes and ones
2
What is a byte?
A series of digits ranging from 0 to 9
A series of zeroes and ones
A group of eight bits
A term for the resolution of analog images
3
How does the number of pixels or scan lines in the ROI image compare to the original image during write magnification?
It remains the same
It fluctuates
It decreases
It increases
4
Where does coded excitation occur in the ultrasound system?
Receiver
Pulser
Scan converter
Transducer
5
What is the purpose of temporal compounding in image processing?
To increase temporal resolution
To reduce signal-to-noise ratio
To improve image quality
To reduce image noise
6
Why are modern flat panel computer monitors preferred over traditional televisions for ultrasound displays?
They provide higher frame rates and more lines per image
They have larger screen sizes
They are heavier and sturdier
They are more affordable
7
How does the image quality of analog scan converters deteriorate over time?
Due to the use of advanced materials
Image quality degrades as the device ages
Due to the absence of electron guns
Image quality improves with age
8
What process do digital scan converters use to convert images into numbers?
Digitization
Transposition
Translation
Analogization
9
What does the prefix "bi-" signify in the context of bistable images?
It denotes the use of two different imaging techniques
It refers to images with only two shades: black and white
It represents the incorporation of binary coding in image processing
It indicates the presence of two primary colors
10
How does the scan converter translate ultrasound information?
By converting sound waves into digital data
By emitting ultrasound pulses
By altering the format from spoke format to video format
By organizing multiple penetrations into horizontal lines
11
What are three major advantages of PACS?
Rapid image transmission, manual data entry, and increased storage capacity
Access to archived studies, no degradation of data, and remote image trans.
Quick access to archived studies, degradation of data, and teleconferencing
Incr. security, limited access to archived studies, and improved encryption
12
What happens to the image used to identify the region of interest (ROI) in write magnification?
It is resized to match the resolution of the new image data
It is converted from digital to analog form
It is discarded, and all new image information is acquired
It is preserved and kept alongside the new image data
13
What are the two different forms of magnification in ultrasound imaging?
Enlarge and shrink magnification
Linear and radial magnification
Read magnification and write magnification
Zoom and crop magnification
14
If an image has more bits per pixel then it has: (
choose 2
)
improved contrast resolution
degraded contrast resolution
fewer shades of gray
more shades of gray
15
How are the images created in frequency compounding combined?
They are compounded into a single image
They are overlaid with transparency
They are compared side by side
They are stacked on top of each other
16
What is true regarding read magnification?
larger pixel size
preprocessing
acquires new data
uses old data
identical pixel size
postprocessing
17
What are the limitations of compound imaging?
Reduced spatial resolution
Reduced frame rates and reduced temporal resolution
Increased frame rates and increased temporal resolution
Increased speckle and shadowing artifacts
18
What does the term "bistable" mean in relation to a bit?
It can only have a value of 0
It can have either a value of 0 or 1
It can have multiple values
It can only have a value of 1
19
What does DICOM stand for?
Digital Imaging and Computers in Medicine
Digital Information and Communication for Medical Imaging
Digital Imaging and Computerized Medical Observations
Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine
20
What does edge enhancement do to the image contrast around sharp edge boundaries?
Does not affect it
Decreases it
Increases it
Inverts it
21
What must be done prior to displaying digital information on an analog monitor?
The analog monitor must be replaced with a digital monitor
The digital information must be transmitted wirelessly
The digital information must be converted back to analog form
The digital information must be converted into electrical noise
22
How is pixel density defined?
The resolution of analog images
The size of individual pixels
The brightness of pixels in a digital picture
The number of pixels per square inch
23
In the analog scan converter, where are the electrons containing image information stored?
In the electron gun
In the dielectric matrix or silicon wafer
In the vacuum tube
In the charged particles
24
Which of the following best describes analog numbers? (choose 2)
They have continuous values
They are "real world" numbers with a continuous range of values
They are associated with computer devices
They have only discrete values
25
If an image has fewer bits per pixel then it has: (
choose 2
)
degraded contrast resolution
fewer shades of gray
improved contrast resolution
more shades of gray
26
High pixel density causes:
low spatial resolution
high spatial resolution
27
What is the term for processing of the image information
before
storage in the digital scan converter?
Preprocessing
Postprocessing
Analog conversion
Digital translation
28
What happens in high pixel density? (Choose 3)
smaller pixels
larger pixels
less detailed image
few pixels per inch
more detailed image
many pixels per inch
29
What is true regarding write magnification?
unchanged temporal resolution
unchanged spatial resolution
improved spatial resolution
more pixels than in the original ROI
same # of pixels as in the original ROI
may improve temporal resolution
30
What is true regarding write magnification?
preprocessing
uses old data
acquires new data
larger pixel size
identical pixel size
postprocessing
31
What does a 3 dB increase in output power represent?
Doubling the output power
Increasing the output power by a factor of 2
Increasing the output power by a factor of 10
Increasing the output power by a factor of 3
32
Spoke format =
ultrasound penetration
scan lines
interlaced display
horizontal lines
33
In which transducer type is electronic steering of the sound beams used in compound imaging?
Phased array transducers
Curvilinear array transducers
Convex array transducers
Linear array transducers
34
When is persistence most effective in temporal compounding?
When imaging structures with low signal-to-noise ratio
When imaging structures with high spatial resolution
When imaging slowly moving structures
When imaging rapidly moving structures
35
What was the primary contribution of the analog scan converter to medical imaging?
It improved image resolution
It introduced color imaging
It reduced the size of imaging equipment
It enabled gray scale imaging
36
What is DICOM primarily used for?
Sharing medical images on social media platforms
Allowing imaging systems to communicate and share information on a network
Storing images on physical film reels
Analyzing medical images for diagnostic purposes
37
How does persistence work in temporal compounding?
It displays only the most current frame
It adjusts the brightness and contrast of the image
A number of previous frames are superimposed by the most current frame
It discards information from older frames
38
What are two important elements of digital scan converters?
Brightness and contrast
Pixel and bit
Hue and saturation
Color and resolution
39
How does coded excitation distribute energy over the frequency range?
By concentrating energy around its main frequency
By creating short pulses with high intensity
By creating long pulses with a wide range of frequencies
By keeping energy confined to narrow frequency ranges
40
What is the process called when image information is stored in the scan converter?
Reading
Converting
Writing
Displaying
41
What is spatial compounding in ultrasound imaging?
It is a method of focusing the ultrasound beam
A method of using sono info from different angles to produce a single image
It is a method of adjusting the gain of the ultrasound system
It is a method of color-coding different tissue types in the image
42
What effect does compound imaging have on speckle and shadowing artifacts?
It has no effect on speckle and shadowing artifacts
It varies the appearance of speckle and shadowing artifacts
It increases speckle and shadowing artifacts
It minimizes speckle and shadowing artifacts
43
What does the contrast control on video monitors determine?
The resolution of the displayed image
The sharpness of displayed images
The range of brilliancies within the displayed image
The range of colors within the displayed image
44
In the context of bioeffects, what regulations does the FDA impose on sound beams?
Regulations on sound beam resolution
Regulations on sound beam intensity
Regulations on sound beam duration
Regulations on sound beam frequency
45
What effect do images with many gray shades have on contrast resolution?
They have no effect on contrast resolution
They decrease contrast resolution
They have better contrast resolution
They have poorer contrast resolution
46
What does the brightness control on video monitors determine?
The resolution of the displayed image
The range of colors within the displayed image
The sharpness of displayed images
The brilliance of the displayed image
47
What is a binary number?
A series of zeroes and ones
A group of eight bits
A series of digits ranging from 0 to 9
A term for the resolution of analog images
48
How does edge enhancement work?
By blurring the image
By reducing image contrast
By making pictures look softer
By identifying and emphasizing sharp edge boundaries
49
What is the primary function of a scan converter in ultrasound imaging?
Converting spoke format into video format
Converting digital images into analog format
Translating video format into spoke format
Digitizing ultrasound images
50
What is a bit in computing?
The smallest amount of computer memory
A type of computer program
A unit of measurement for file size
A term for pixel density in digital images
51
What limitation of analog scan converters is the dissipation of stored charge on the silicon wafer over time?
Image fade
Deterioration
Image flicker
Instability
52
What is the term for processing of the image information
after
storage in the digital scan converter?
Preprocessing
Digital translation
Postprocessing
Analog conversion
53
Which is an advantage of digital scan converters regarding nearly-instant processing?
Accuracy
Stability
Durability
Speed
54
What is a primary limitation of persistence in temporal compounding?
Reduction in displayed frame rate
Increase in displayed frame rate
Increase in temporal resolution
Decrease in spatial resolution
55
What is a pixel?
A term for the resolution of analog images
A unit of measurement for digital images
A type of computer software for image editing
The smallest building block of a digital picture
56
Which is an advantage of digital scan converters regarding being error-free?
Accuracy
Durability
Stability
Speed
57
Why does the analog scan converter offer excellent spatial resolution?
Due to the presence of the electron gun
Due to its use of digital storage elements
Because of the small number of storage elements within the matrix
Because of the large number of storage elements within the matrix
58
Why is converting information from analog to digital form advantageous in image data reception?
Digital info is far less susceptible to contamination by electrical noise
Analog information is easier to transmit wirelessly
Digital info is more susceptible to contamination by electrical noise
Analog signals are more robust than digital signals
59
What component of the analog scan converter emits a stream of charged particles containing image information?
Dielectric matrix
Funnel-shaped vacuum tube
Silicon wafer
Electron gun
60
What is the technical term for a funnel-shaped vacuum tube with an electron gun located within its smaller end?
Digital scan converter
Funnel electron emitter
Electron vacuum tube
Analog scan converter
61
How is the image stored in computer memory in digital scan converters?
As a series of zeroes and ones
As a series of analog signals
As a series of letters
As a series of colors
62
What factor contributes to the instability of picture quality in analog scan converters?
The length of use, room temperature, and humidity
The use of digital storage elements
The type of transducer used
The length of the room
63
Which of the following best describes digital numbers? (
choose 2
)
They are associated with computer devices
They are "real world" numbers with a continuous range of values
They have only discrete values
They are limited to whole values
64
What is the primary purpose of magnification in ultrasound imaging?
To improve visualization by enlarging a portion of the image
To reduce the size of an image
To distort the image for artistic effect
To decrease the resolution of an image
65
What is true regarding read magnification?
unchanged spatial resolution
same # of pixels as in the original ROI
may improve temporal resolution
more pixels than in the original ROI
improved spatial resolution
unchanged temporal resolution
66
Video format =
scan lines
ultrasound penetration
horizontal lines
interlaced display
67
Which is an advantage of digital scan converters regarding consistent gray scale quality throughout an image?
Accuracy
Durability
Stability
Uniformity
68
Which example illustrates an analog number?
163.48 pounds
164.004432 pounds
163.12 pounds
163 pounds
69
What is the primary purpose of coded excitation in ultrasound imaging?
To decrease image quality
To improve image quality
To reduce penetration
To increase peak intensity of ultrasound pulses
70
How is each pixel's shade of gray determined in digital images?
By the size of the pixel
By the type of monitor displaying the image
By the number of neighboring pixels
By the cluster of bits assigned to it
71
What is the significance of displays in ultrasound systems?
They regulate the power consumption of ultrasound machines
They control the scanning depth of ultrasound waves
They determine the quality of sound produced
They establish a connection between the ultrasound system and medical staff
72
How many possible shades of gray are displayed with 5 bits of memory?
16
64
32
10
73
Which is an advantage of digital scan converters regarding the lack of fading or drifting?
Uniformity
Stability
Accuracy
Durability
74
What occurs after the numerical representation of the image is processed in a digital scan converter?
The image is transmitted wirelessly
The image is stored in computer memory
The image is converted into analog signals
The image is re-translated into an image displayed on a monitor
75
When is write magnification applied in ultrasound imaging?
After the image data is stored in the scan converter
Before the image data is stored in the scan converter
During the conversion of image data from analog to digital form
During the scanning of anatomy
76
What happens in low pixel density? (Choose 3)
less detailed image
many pixels per inch
smaller pixels
more detailed image
few pixels per inch
larger pixels
77
What is the characteristic feature of read magnification regarding the number of pixels or scan lines?
It keeps the number of pixels or scan lines the same as the original image
It varies the number of pixels or scan lines randomly
It increases the number of pixels or scan lines
It decreases the number of pixels or scan lines
78
How is the maximum number of different gray shades represented by a cluster of bits calculated?
By adding the number of bits
By dividing the number of bits by 2
By multiplying 2 by itself the same number of times as there are bits
By subtracting the number of bits from 2
79
In what form of image processing does fill-in interpolation typically occur?
Acquisition
Preprocessing
Postprocessing
Reconstruction
80
How much does a 20 dB increase in output power represent?
Increasing the output power by a factor of 10
Doubling the output power
Increasing the output power by a factor of 100
Increasing the output power by a factor of 20
81
What is one of the limitations of analog scan converters regarding image flicker?
It's absent in analog scan converters
It is caused by excessive humidity
It occurs due to the inability to switch between read and write modes
It's caused by low room temperature
82
What is the term used for the selected part of the image when using magnification?
Area of interest (AOI)
Section of interest (SOI)
Zone of interest (ZOI)
Region of interest (ROI)
83
Low pixel density causes:
lower spatial resolution
higher spatial resolution
84
What is the goal of fill-in interpolation in ultrasound imaging?
To fill in the gaps of missing data that cannot be detected by the observer
To increase the frame rate of ultrasound images
To decrease the line density in ultrasound images
To reduce the spatial resolution of ultrasound images
85
What advantage do gray scale displays offer in terms of ultrasound imaging?
They provide sharper images
They simplify the process of image interpretation
They eliminate the need for echo amplitudes
They allow differentiation of biologic tissues based on reflectivity
86
Why are computer hard drives preferred for digital storage in PACS?
They are prone to degradation over time
They are fast and offer high data retrieval speed
They are slow and unreliable
They have limited capacity and high cost
87
How is the reflected signal processed in frequency compounding?
It is left intact with all frequencies included.
It is divided into sub-bands of limited frequencies
It is converted into analog form
It is focused to increase resolution
88
What is the function of scan converters in ultrasound imaging?
To convert sound waves into digital data
To store and later display image information
To enhance the resolution of ultrasound images
To emit ultrasound pulses from the transducer
89
How does fill-in interpolation predict the missing information in ultrasound images?
Increasing the line density and spatial resolution of the image
Analyzing neighboring pixels and predicting the GS levels of missing data
Discarding the missing data and reducing the image resolution
Randomly assigning gray scale levels to the missing data
90
What does PACS stand for?
Patient Archive and Computerized System
Picture Archiving and Communication System
Picture Assessment and Communication System
Patient Assessment and Communication System
91
What is the primary purpose of frequency compounding in ultrasound imaging?
To increase reflection frequencies
To reduce speckle artifact and noise
To increase speckle artifact and noise
To decrease spatial resolution
92
When does read magnification occur in ultrasound imaging?
Before the image data is stored in the scan converter
During the scanning of anatomy
After the image data is stored in the scan converter
During the conversion of image data from analog to digital form
93
What is a word? (choose 2)
one byte
8 bits
16 bits
two bytes
94
What is the purpose of edge enhancement in image processing?
To decrease image contrast
To blur the image
To make pictures look sharper
To make pictures look softer
95
How does compound imaging start?
By color-coding different tissue types in the image
By focusing the ultrasound beam
By adjusting the gain of the ultrasound system
By acquiring multiple frames from different viewing angles
