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Criminology
norms/standards of behaviour are not fixed/absolute
relative deprivation
Criminology
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Criminology CC100 Exam
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1
relative deprivation
perception of fair disparity between situation and others
perception of no disparity between situation and others
perception of unfair disparity between situation and others
perception of disparity between situation and others
2
norms/standards of behaviour are not fixed/absolute
moral relativism
moral absolutism
moral fixation
morals
3
money laundering
dishonest act about obtaining money
theft of money or corporate property
revealing source of illegitimately obtained money
concealing source of illegitimately obtained money
4
public health policy designed to reduce harmful consequences of behaviours with known risks
informal sanctions
harm reduction
prohibition
rehabilitation
5
correlation
when two things cause each other
when two things occur together and cause each other
when two things occur together but don't cause each other
when two things are related
6
serotonin
neurochemical that is involved in bipolar disorder
neurochemical that is involved in brain development
neurochemical that is not involved in depression
neuochemical that is involved in depression
7
Ronald V Clarke
Focused on rational choice and situational crime prevention
showed how choice theory informs crime control policy
examined crime using an economic approach
believed that criminals are born
8
interpersonal violence
violence against oneself
violence
violence between two groups of people
violence between one person and another
9
consensus theories
hold that society runs on social dysfunction
opposite of conflict theories
hold that society runs through social bonds & beliefs
similar to conflict theories
10
post colonial theory
study of colonial rule and its effects on a nation
study of social factors contributing to the colonial rule
study of after colonial rule was introduced
study of social political and culture of colonial rule
11
sub-lethal violent victimization
violent victimization that causes death
victimization of a person through the media
victimization without lethal weapons
violent victimization that doesn't cause death
12
dopamine
controls the reward and pleasure centres the brain
controls nothing
controls everything
controls negative and dissatisfaction in the brain
13
certain actions are absolutely right/wrong regardless of other circumstances
over criminalization
harm principle
moral relativism
moral absolutism
14
formal sanctions
examines crime using economic approach
punishments taken by official organizations
influence of environment facts on human behaviours
factors that are associated with or related to crime
15
critical race Theory
ways that race and racial power are constructed by society
ways that racial power are destructed by society
ways that race is constructed by society
16
Phrenology
study of shape and size of skull
study of the brain
study of shape of body
study of feet
17
Institutional anomie theory
institutional balance and cultural goals have a pos impact
Caused by cultural goals and failure of social institutions
institutions enforce positive social norms and values
institutional imbalance
18
General Strain Theory
delinquent acts by neither adults nor teens
delinquent acts by adults - more immediate strain than teens
delinquent acts by adults and teens
delinquent acts by teens - more immediate strain than adults
19
strain theories
no social stressors increase likelihood of crime
all social stressors increase likelihood of crime
certain social stressors increase likelihood of crime
certain social stressors decrease likelihood of crime
20
A non criminal penalty issued by regulatory body without court approval (violation of a law)
corporate social responsibility
Administrative monetary penalty
regulatory capture
embezzlement
21
factors that shape the impact of a certain cause or correlation of crime
positivist factors
conditioning factors
cost/benefit factors
contextual factors
22
a culturally idealized form of masculinity
masculinization theory
radicalized masculinity
hedonistic masculinity
hegemonic masculinity
23
Somatyping: what doesn't belong?
Mesomorph
Ectomorph
Mendomorph
Endomorph
24
notion that processes and behaviours are gender based
gender stratification
gendered
spousal violence
gender bias
25
Moral panic
widespread public alarm of society
when one person panics
panic if ur morals are right
small scale private alarm or society
26
focused on rational choice way of thinking development of scripts, &stages of criminal activity
Beccaria
Becker
Cornish
Kahneman
27
Freud
was a sociologist
focused on psychology
focused on criminology
was a philospher
28
feeblemindedness
described individuals with high IQs
described criminals
described individuals with low IQs
described teenagers
29
theory that a breakdown of norms among residents of neighbourhoods can lead to crime & violence
social process theory
social disorganization theory
social breakdown theory
social network theory
30
Chicago School: what doesn't belong?
symboli interactionism
subcultural theory
learned behaviour theory
disorganization theory
31
What did Mike Feeners do?
strangled his mother after becoming intoxicated
shot and killed ex-wife's entire family
one of the last men executed in Canada
told a woman he killed someone, panicked and killed her
32
life-course development theory
notion that social events are differently interpreted
individuals can stop criminal behaviour by "turning points"
individuals are incapable of quitting criminal behaviour
study of victims and their contributionary role
33
social bond theory
study of relationship btw human body and criminality
criminals are interactional and reciprocal
reduction or abolishing criminal sanctions
belief that came is cause of underlying problems
34
Classical school
people are irrational
people are rational
35
Bounded rationality
decisions made as best guesses & r limited by info provided
decisions made on a cost-benefit basis
hedonistic calculus
decisions bound by our environments
36
gender stratification
unequal distribution of resources based on gender
society's tendency to view men as superior to women
theory that men commit more crime than women
society's unequal dis. of wealth, power, and privilege
37
heritability
heritablity
quality of not being heritable
quality of being heritable
38
Corporate Social Responsibility
legal intent that considers how companies act
A theory where companies actively pursue compliance
theory of corruption where regulatory bodies advance
non-criminal penalty issue without court approval
39
atavism
Beccaria - criminals are less evolved
Jesus Christ - evolution does not exist
Bentham - criminals are less evolved
Lombroso - criminals are less evolved
40
Who said that criminals are degenerate, evolutionary throwbacks?
Lombroso
Bentham
Eysenick
Beccaria
41
person industrial complex
people who work in industries are complex
used to attribute increases in incarceration
people who work in industrial env. are likely to b criminal
used to attribute decreases in incarceration
42
Genocide
happens often
is bad
is an attempt to exterminate an entire race/religion/culture
43
lethal violence
violence against yourself
violence that doesn't kill anyone
violence that kills someone
violence against more than one person
44
environment
internal conditions, resources, and stimuli
external conditions, resources, and stimuli
plants
no conditions, resources, and stimuli
45
Kahneman
focused on rational choice way of thinking
believed one should maximize utility
examines crime using an economic approach
psychologist who focused on intuitive choices
46
Anomie
describes periods of heavy law
lawlessness's weaknesses
Durkeim
describes periods of lawlessness
47
etiology
cause of a condition
condition that criminals have
a type of conditioner
result of a condition
48
Beccaria
examined crime using an economic approach
focused on rational choice thinking
People make choices that involve their best interest
people make choices based off best guesses
49
gender gap
men/women have different body parts
men/women have the same experiences with everything
men/women hate each other
men/women have diff. exp. with politics, economics, etc
50
Social justice
often influenced by aboriginal culture
emphasized healing and reconciliation of victims
promotes positive engagement
approach to justice and sentencing
51
utility maximization
humans r rational and make decisions using their rationality
decisions are often made imperfectly as best guesses
choices based on greatest reward and lowest price
criminals make decisions based on what they believe benefits
52
Anomie strain theory
Merton
state of anomie caused by function btw goals and means
state of anomie caused by dysfunction btw goals and means
Beccaria
53
one of these is not an aspect of Freud's theory of personality
Superego
Ego
Superid
Id
54
a groups shard beliefs that it can come together and achieve desired goals
collective efficiency
contextual efficiency
collectivist cultures
social organization
55
goal responses
behaviours to achieve a goal with pleasurable outcome
behaviours to prevent goals with pleasurable outcomes
behaviours that cause goals
behaviours that are pleasurable
56
colonel russel williams
charged with sexual assault and forceable confinement
charged for robbery
charged for breaking and entering
carved with two accounts of first degree murder
57
illegal activities that are against the law because they are regarded as threatening values
crimes of morality
crimes of religion
moral relativism
moral panics
58
trading in stock bond while assessing material, non-public info about company in question
money laundering
price fixing
insider trading
insider trading
59
Who developed the idea of utilitarianism?
Beccaria
Cornish
Lombroso
Bentham
60
Becker
focused on rational choice and situational crime prevention
focused on rational choice way of thinking
believed that events occur as a result of more than 1 factor
examined crime using an economic approach
61
marxism
theory of Karl Marx
argues society must b understood at all times
argues society must b understood by social norms and values
argues that society must b understood by social conflict
62
conflict theory
theories that focus on unequal distribution of power
theories that focus on unequal distribution of wealth
theories that focus on conflicts between groups/classes
theories that focus on conflict of opinion
63
Analysis of environmental harm from a criminological perspective
contextual evidence
contextual effect
collective efficiency
green criminology
64
white collar crime
crime committed targeting certain groups of people
crime committed by wealthy people in order to obtain $$
crime committed within their occupation
Crime committed by white people
65
informal sanctions
actions taken by others that lead to shame/embarrassment
where laws are made
formal punishments of criminals
actions taken by the government and police organizations
66
racialized
murders associated with genocide
marginalizing group of people based on perceived differences
isolating groups of people based on race
targeting people because of socio-cultural differences
67
psychoanalysis
Freud; therapy
Bentham; therapy
Beccaria; therapy
Lombroso; therapy
68
Neurotransmitters
science
substances that carry signals from cell to cell
the amount you have is used to examine IQ
criminals don't have them
69
spatial inequality
unequal dist. of resources from one area to another
inequality of men and women over an area
unequal dist. of job opportunities from one area to another
70
Interactionalist perspective
focuses on relatively small-scale social interactions
focuses on relatively large-scale social interactions
focuses on all social interactions
wtf
71
variation of crimes committed and number of crimes reported to the police
crime variance theory
dark figure of crime
crime secrecy
correlation
72
factors associated with an incident
contextual effects
situational characteristics
causation
figure of crime
73
socialization
kids learn things from their peers/school
kids learn nothing from their peers/school
kids learn nothing from their parents
kids learn everything from their parents
74
Mark Chahal
shot ex-wifes family after she broke up with him
killed his family and himself, after his ex-wife said to
shot his family and his ex-wifes with the help of his exwife
ex-wife cheated so he killed her and her whole family
75
Cultural Transmission Theory
subcultures are forced into the majority's values/norms
Chicago school
cultural subcultures make their own subcultural values/norms
cultural norms/values diminish because of majority's shadow
76
the intrusion of the law into consensual activities to consent activities
crimes of morality
broken window theory
harm principle
over criminalization
77
influence of environment factors on human behaviours
external factors
contextual effect
environmental distress
green criminology
78
Eugenics
improve populations by doing more vasectomies
improve populations by controlling breeding
improve populations by killing all the unwanted
improve populations by breeding with animals
79
proactive of interfering with the proper operation of a market usually by misleading info:
money laundering
price fixing
Market manipulation
insider trading
80
positivist school
everything is learned
nothing is biological or psychological
nothing is learned
biological and psychological
81
Rational choice theory: with doesn't belong?
conscious decisions to commit crime
free will and rational actors
based on cost-benefit analysis
lack of free will and ability to make one's own decisions
82
labelling
labelling theory; describing someone as not deviant
labelling theory; so you know what things are
labelling theory; judging people
labelling theory; describing someone as deviant
83
pleasure principle
maximize pleasure and minimize pain
minimize pleasure and maximize pain
minimize pleasure and minimize pain
maximize pleasure and maximize pain
84
power control theory
parent's power causes development in less risky behaviour
people in power cause crime
parents help development of risk taking in their children
people in power develop super-powers
85
behaviourism
all of the above
some behaviour can be shaped by rewards or punishment
no behaviour can be shaped by rewards or punishment
all behaviour can be shaped by rewards and punishment
86
frustration-agression
frustration prevents aggressive and criminal behaviour
frustration and aggression coincide
frustration causes aggressive and criminals behaviour
87
Combination of parts that make up something
multi-casual effect
combination effect
compositional effect
contextual effect
88
Reality principle
that criminals are the only ones living in reality
that criminals haven't come to terms with reality
people should act according to reality
that criminals live in alternate reality
89
who created the harm principle?
Cesare Lombroso
Derek Cornish
John Mill
Beccaria
90
1 of these is not a technique of neutralization
denial of responsibility
denial of the weapon
condemnation of the condemners
denial of the victim
