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Memory (Introduction)
Memory (Introduction)
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#cognition #psychology
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1
The process of grouping items in order to make them easier to remember by making more room in your working memory.
mnemonic device
rehearsal
recall
chunking
2
This type of memory is our knowledge of things like multiplication tables, word meanings, state capitals, etc.
Procedural memory
Episodic memory
Declarative memory
Semantic memory
3
Which of the following periods of time
most
accurately states how long information is held in your STM/working memory?
less than a second
a few hours
a few minutes
a few seconds
4
The process of transforming incoming information into a usable form that can be stored in your LTM
Transfer
Organization
Encoding
Retrieval
5
Multiple choice type questions make the greatest use of which of the following types of memory?
reintegration
recall
relearning
recognition
6
Research has shown that the more we media-multitask the better we get at it.
False
True
7
A ____ is a mental concept built by experience that helps organize information about the world
Schema
Chunking
Mnemonic
Acronym
8
Which is the correct order information travels through the
three stages of the Information Processing Model
are:
sensory memory - STM/Working - LTM
STM/Working - LTM - retrieval
STM/Working - sensory memory - LTM
STM/Working memory - sensory memory - LTM
9
Working memory
is
most
associated with which of the following?
implicit memory
sensory memory
long-term memory
short-term memory
10
Dave met a intriguing girl yesterday and is trying to remember her name. Which of the following is Dave attempting?
Selective attention
Rehearsal
Google search
Retrieval
11
Who is Mr. DeMarzo's celebrity man crush & look-a-like?
Chris Evans (aka Captain America)
Chris Pratt (aka Star Lord)
Chris Hemsworth (aka Thor)
Chris Pine (aka Captain Kirk)
12
Emily asks Aaron 12 questions about psychology. Aaron only remembers the first 2 and last 2. This is because
Decay effect
I'm in full effect
Primary memory effect
Serial-position effect
13
Shown a pic of a tree, then asked to define "
bark"
, a person is more likely to say "part of a tree" than "sound of dog"
this is because of priming
this is because of spacing effect
this is because of rehearsal
this is because of iconic memory
14
In which of the following stages of memory can information be lost (i.e. forgotten)?
All stages
Sensory memory
STM
LTM
15
The majority of sensory inputs that enter our sensory memory are quickly forgotten.
False
True
16
Echoic
encoding is the encoding of
Sensations
Images
Sound
Symbols
17
What is the
most
important factor in encoding information and improving one's memory?
being organized
paying attention
limit interference
attach meaning
18
Stores information over a lifetime and has an unlimited capacity (in theory)
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
Working memory
Sensory memory
19
Joan continually repeats a list of words for a Spanish test in an attempt to move them from STM to LTM. She is using
Elaborative Rehearsal
Maintenance Rehearsal
Chunking
Encoding
20
Information that is remembered without needing any memory cues is called ____.
Recall
Reintegration
Recognition
Relearning
21
Type of mnemonic that works by having you take a “mental walk” & placing information to be remembered in familiar places
Chaining (Story)
Mental palace (Loci Method)
Acrostic
Acronym
22
"Muscle memory" is an example of ____ memory.
Proactive
Implicit
Reactive
Explicit
23
What is the most common reason for forgetting?
Not trying hard enough
Failing to pay attention in the first place
Studying in small chunks of time
Being completely incompetent
24
Carol can't remember things that happened before her accident. This is generally known as:
insomnia
amnesia
short-term memory loss
implicit memory
25
What
type of mnemonic
used to remember the planets of the solar system, for example, is on this tee shirt?
Loci method
Acrostic
Chaining
Acronym
26
Which type of rehearsal only keeps information in your STM until it is used or lost?
Maintenance rehearsal
Elaborative rehearsal
Distributed practice
Musical rehearsal
27
Which of the following statements about media-multitasking is
FALSE
?
We tend to underestimate just how much we are actually distracted
Mediamultitasking degrades and diminishes or short-term/working memory
When switching your attention, it takes a few moments to reorient thoughts
Media-multitaskers proved better at focusing attention on relevant info
28
The kind of memory that lasts for less than a second and is quickly forgotten...
olfactory memory
iconic memory
eidetic memory
echoic memory
29
L.A.S.E.R.
("
l
ight
a
mplification by
s
timulated
e
mission of
r
adiation
") is an example of which type of mnemonic?
Acronym
Acrostic
Loci Method
Keyword
30
The Loftus studies on eyewitness memory showed memory can be altered by information encountered after an event. This is
the Misogamy Effect
the Misinformation Effect
the Misremembering Effect
the Butterfly Effect
31
Joe recently got a new lock, but he finds that he keeps putting in his old combination instead of his new one. This is
Encoding confusion
Amnesia
Retroactive interference
Proactice interference
32
Your memories about your last birthday are stored in your _____ memory
short-term
semantic
episodic
retroactive
33
Unless we pay close attention, we miss even obvious events & info. in our environment. What concept best explains this?
inattentional blindness
pseudo-memory effect
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
cocktail party effect
34
Which type of rehearsal results in the deeper processing of information, making it more likely to be remembered?
Maintenance rehearsal
Dress rehearsal
Musical rehearsal
Elaborative rehearsal
35
Visual (iconic) memory lasts much longer than auditory (echoic) memory.
True
False
36
When new information makes it hard to remember old information...
motivated forgetting
proactive interference
retroactive interference
confabulation
37
The process of encoding information from ST/Working memory is most efficient when it
does not use repetition
involves some kind of association
uses semantic memory
uses repetition
38
Research on media-multitasking shows our attention
cannot
be evenly divided, but instead rapidly switches back & forth.
True
False
39
Which of the following is an example of “
procedural memory”
Putting on a pair of shoes
What the musical note "c" sounds like
One's high school graduation
The capital of Pennsylvania
40
Which of the following is an example of proactive interference?
Can't recall last year's Super bowl winner, just this year's winner
Recalling your new locker number, but not recalling your old locker number
Recalling your new home address, but not recalling your old home address
Can't recall your new cell phone # because your old cell phone # interferes
41
What is the
first stage
of the
Information Processing Model
of memory.
Working memory
Sensory memory
Short-term Memory
Long-term memory
42
What does the
Ebbinghaus Curve
tell us about memory and forgetting?
Memory loss declines at a steady rate
Memory loss goes through periods of decline and improvement
Memory loss improves rapidly over time, then levels off
Memory loss is rapid at first, but levels off over time
43
____ is the input, storage, and retrieval of information that has been learned & experienced over time.
Learning
Information
Cognition
Memory
44
On average
, your working memory can only hold ___ # of items
7
12
16
unlimited
45
Which type of memory retrieval process would involve remembering an old classmate's face & name in a yearbook?
recall
relearning
recognition
interference
