The Big Criminology Unit 2 Quiz of 2022

Question 1

These theories emerged with modern criminology in the early 1700s

Accepted Answer

genetic

Question 2

The body type that's associated with criminal behaviour because they are aggressive/adventurous

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mesomorph

Question 3

His left frontal lobe was damaged after an accident which changed his personality/behaviour

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Phineas Gage

Question 4

Custodial/community sentences, fines and discharge are examples of

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Court sanctions

Question 5

Biological theories have scientific evidence e.g. twin studies (naturally-occurring variables)

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This enables credible evidence (falsifiable)

Question 6

This type of study was used by Sheldon to identify mesomorph's as more violent

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correlational

Question 7

A behaviour that is considered deviant is

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adultery

Question 8

Freud's theories have been criticised because case study evidence

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is subjective and lacks quantitative data

Question 9

A sentence of the court that involves a probation order and a community service order is

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a combination order

Question 10

Another act of deviance is

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prostitution

Question 11

Bolwby found that there was a link between

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maternal deprivation & juvenile delinquency

Question 12

Lombroso studied this 383 dead criminals and 3,839 living ones, concluding that

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40% of criminal acts link to atavistic features

Question 13

A strong superego develops due to

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feelings of excessive guilt

Question 14

Christiansen (1977) studied 3,586 twin pairs & found concordance rates of

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35% Mz & 13% Dz (males) AND 21% Mz & 8% DZ (females)

Question 15

Hutchings & Mednick (1975) studied 14,000 adopted children & found a high number of boys with

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biological parents with criminal convictions

Question 16

Positively, psychodynamic theories are credible because Freud's personality parts link to

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different parts of the brain

Question 17

Sheldon's theory of somatotypes ignores

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the fact that body type is not fixed

Question 18

An example of a law that changes from culture to culture is

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FGM

Question 19

Scerbo & Raine's (1993) meta-analysis found that this linked to anti-social behaviour

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neurochemical serotonin (low)

Question 20

Eysenck identified that such personality traits link to criminality -

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psychotocism, extraversion, neuroticism

Question 21

Another criticism of Freud's theories of offending is that they are no longer

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accredited by psychologists (difficulty of falsification)

Question 22

Criminality is heritable & criminals have primitive features which are otherwise known as

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atavistic

Question 23

Positively, DeYoung found a link between PEN scores and brain processes e.g.

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dopamine is linked to extraversion

Question 24

Capital punishment is an example of a law that changes

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over time

Question 25

Diminished responsibility and automatism are examples of how laws change

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according to circumstance

Question 26

The suggestion of chromosomal abnormality being the root of criminal behaviour is

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xyy theory

Question 27

There are some circumstances of when laws are applied differently. One example is

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age

Question 28

Learning theories have support from replications of the Bobo Doll study. This means

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the evidence has reliability

Question 29

When a crime is detrimental to the community at large, or one or more people within it, this is

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a social definition of crime

Question 30

He is the 'father of modern criminology'

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Lombroso

Question 31

Possession of cannabis is an example of a law that changes

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in different places

Question 32

We are more likely to imitate a model's inappropriate behaviour if they're rewarded. This is

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Vicarious reinforcement

Question 33

Cumberbatch found that children who had not played with a bobo doll before were more likely to

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imitate the model (5x)

Question 34

A deviant superego develops due to

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identifying with unacceptable morals from parents

Question 35

Raine et al (1994) used PET scans to identify damage to what brain parts in murderers?

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Pre-frontal cortex

Question 36

XYY theory ignores that

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genetic abnormalities are widespread across the population

Question 37

Biological theories have been criticised for being

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both of these

Question 38

Lombroso's theory has been criticised for

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scientific racism

Question 39

Over-representation of XYY syndrome in the prison population was identified by

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Jacob et al (1965)

Question 40

Prostitution is an example of laws that change

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over time

Question 41

Lombroso examined these sorts of features

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facial and cranial

Question 42

Bandura named this theory

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Social Learning Theory

Question 43

A real-life example of observational learning explaining criminal behaviour is

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Jamie Bulger (Thompson & Venables)

Question 44

One of the easiest ways to evaluate a theory of crime is (who was listening to me??):

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contrast with an opposing theory (nature/nurture)

Question 45

The bobo doll study is regarded as unethical because there are issues of

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protection from psychological/physical harm

Question 46

Based on a study of 700 soldiers, he suggested certain personality types are

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slow to learn consequences (impulsive) & thrill-seeking

Question 47

Frowning, labelling, grounding, name-calling, stigma are

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Informal sanctions against deviance

Question 48

Cautions (including conditional) and penalty notices are

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Non-court sanctions

Question 49

Another example of laws that change across culture is

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Homosexuality

Question 50

Early childhood experiences/trauma and guilt best explains criminality, says...

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Freud

Question 51

A weak superego develops due to

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abnormal family relationships

Question 52

He believes that criminal behaviour is linked to a person's body type.

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Sheldon

Question 53

He believes that people learn aggression by observation, imitation and modelling.

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Albert Bandura

Question 54

Which part of the personality when dominant leads to impulsivity/instant gratification desires?

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id

Question 55

When a crime has an actus reus and mens rea, this constitutes...

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a legal definition of crime

Question 56

The additional y chromosome leads to

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increased aggression and violence

Question 57

Behaviour that goes against the dominant norms/values & moral codes of a group or society is

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deviance

Question 58

Eysenck's criminal personality type fails to consider that

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personality may change over time

The Big Criminology Unit 2 Quiz of 2022

Questions 58

The Big Criminology Unit 2 Quiz of 2022

Questions 58