Metrics Final Exam (Part 1)

The three forms of reliability are:

The correlation reflected in the scatterplot below is most likely….

The null hypothesis implies that there are no data to test.

See the picture!

The variable “age” is best described as being

The formula for the median is: Σx/N

Generally speaking, one way to increase reliability of a scale is to add more items measuring the scale construct

See question on image

A skewed distribution is symmetrical

The greek term sigma ( ∑ ) is an abbreviation used to signify that values should be summed

Assume normal distribution. Take a range that goes ± 1 SD, what % data will be covered by lower+ upper end of the range?

Convergent validity is established by testing whether 2 or mor measures of the same/similar construct are highly related

A(n) __ provides the logical connections between decisions about a resource & the strategic success of the organization.

In a normal curve, the point at which the curve begins to turn outward will be one standard deviation away from the mean

As sample size goes up, the critical value of t goes (up/down).

The correlation between X and Y is always the same as the correlation between Y and X

In HR, effectiveness and impact get a lot of attention, but efficiency is often unmeasured

The estimated standard deviation of the sampling distribution of mean differences is called the __________

In a standardized normal curve, the values on the x-axis ALSO represents z-values

If the t-value is greater than the critical value, we accept the null hypothesis.

The critical value of t is always 2.0.

LAMP stands for Logic, Analytics, Measures and Process

You can calculate t from the means and standard deviations of two samples, with no additional information.

If a curve is a normal curve, the total shape is defined by the mean and standard deviation.

“X” variables always are placed on the vertical axis

Google’s People Analytics Group describes 4 levels of sophistication in HR Analytics: Counting,__, Insight & influence.

There is a single definitive test that can be used to establish validity.

A normal curve or distribution (not standard normal) can have any mean and standard deviation

In a graph, the Y-axis is the horizontal line

When we have a nominal variable (ex: race), the only measure of central tendancy that makes sense to report is

Cohesion has both a kinship and a task-focused component. These items are dificent in respect to measuring the construct

Stronger correlations have higher values

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Cascio and Boudreau believe that familiarity with analytic principles is increasingly essential for all HR professionals

Correlation does not imply causation

The EXCEL function for a test is TTEST()

If the correlation between X and Y is 0.64, then the correlation between Y and X will be:

Reliability indices range from -1 to 1

Evidence-based HR management requires creating a _ that encourages & teaches managers to think more critically

The squart-root of the variance is the ___

Your company presents data as Z-scores. A store has a Z-score of -2.33 on engagement. Is the store:

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_____Statistics are used to describe or summarize data; ____ statistics are used to make inferences about a population.

The null hypothesis is represented by H0

What part of the 1-2-3 rule would you use to test against 99%?

Use N-1 in the deminator of the variance estimate when you have a sample&plan to apply the estimate to a larger populat.

What is/are the mode(s) of the vector [3,4,6,3,4,3,8,4,9]?

A standardized normal curve always has a mean equal to 0 and a standard deviation of 1

The variable “state” is best described as being

Engagement is a scale score based on 3 items asked using the 5-point response:Strongly disagree(1) to strongly agree (5)

The variables “job level” is best described as being

See the picture!

A frequency distribution is a table or graph that indicates how many times a value or score appears

A correlation coefficient (r) can take on any value between -1.00 and 1.00.

See the picutre!

Correlations range from 0 to 1

See the picture!

The two levels of measurement upon which mathematical operations can be carried out are:

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A major limitation w/ variance is that variance causes you to lose sight of original units of measurement

It is possible to have a highly reliable score that is still deficient.

In a standardized normal curve, the values on the x-axis represent Standard Deviations.

To answer the significancy of this question, what part of the 1, 2, 3 rule can you use?

If I want to test the difference in pay between men and women, I would use a t-test for (related/unrelated) means.

The function EXCEL function VAR.S estimates the variance for a population

The EXCEL function SKEW returns:

The figure below has (a) a positive skew or (b) a negative skew

What is the mode of the vector [4,5,4,6,7,9,4,8]?

Could you be at least 99% certain that the store’s score of 4.3 was higher than expected?

What is the median of the vector [11,12,13,14,15,16,17]?

The mean, median, and mode all share the same value in a standardized normal curve

Leadership support is a common assumed driver of employee attitudes such as commitment.

What is the median of the vector [23,25,27,2000]?

A Cronbach Alpha (or coefficient alpha) value of 0.60 or greater is generally considered acceptable reliability.

Deviations from the mean will ALWAYS sum to zero

The excel function to estimate the mean is MEAN

According to Cascio and Boudreau, analytics is about drawing the right conclusions from data

Standard deviations provide ambiguous information when distributions are asymmetrical

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Per C&B, leaders in HR are often aware of existing scientifically supported ways to measure& evaluate decisions about HR

If you follow the construct validation steps you can decisively conclude that your construct has been “validated”.

A negative association is the same as an inverse association

If X causes Y, their correlation will be ___________ if they are not causally related

On a scatterplot, the Y variable is always placed on the vertical axis

Face validity is a form of validity.

According to C&B, many assumptions about the link b/w HR programs & benefits of these programs are based on naïve logic

If the correlation between two variables is zero, they can still be related in a way that is not linear.

Reliability indicates the degree to which measurement scores are free of random error

Across the board layoffs are a best practice because they spread the pain equally

The Descrip. Stat. option under the Data Analysis tab is a quick way to get summary statistics such as mean,median,mode

Content validity is often established using subject matter experts.

A scatterplot that trends up (from left to right) reflects a positive correlation

A correlation takes a value between 0 and 1

A dictionary-like statement that describes a construct is the _________.

We would expect the correlation between height and weight among all UofSC students to be

Inferential Statistics are used to make statements about a sample when we know the characteristics of a population

If you have a z-value of 0.71, how much of the area under the curve is between the mean and the z-value?

If X and Y are related such that Y increases when X increases, their correlation is

It is often practical and feasible to collect data from an entire population

The mean is more sensitive to extreme values than is the median