The Reformation + The Renaissance

Areas of study that focus on human life and culture, such as history, literature, and ethics

granting forgiveness of sin and assurance of no punishment in the afterlife by church officials

a group that has separated from an established church but holds similar beliefs

The everyday speech of the common people

the sacred writings of Christianity contained in the Bible

In Italian city-states, a government run by a lord that replaced republican institutions either by force or by agreement

belief or opinion contrary to religious teachings

A machine with a moveable type used for printing

being subject to death

A judgment by the Church stating that a marriage was invalidly contracted

the rites of baptism, confirmation, the Eucharist, penance, anointing of the sick, ordination, and matrimony

the ritual of public penance of condemned heretics

A state that has its own government and consists of a city and the area around it

a movement that attempted reform of the Catholic Church but resulted in the founding of churches separate from it

A philosophy that tries to value the potential of all people and tries to balance religion and power of the human mind

Dishonest conduct by those in power, typically by bribery

the language or dialect spoken by ordinary people

The headquarters of the Catholic Church

The cultural rebirth that occurred in Europe from 14th century to the 17th

Art influenced by the styles and techniques of ancient Greece & Rome

a member of any Christian church that is separate from the Catholic Church & follows the principles of the Reformation

Relating to earthly life rather than to religion or spiritual matters

The practice, among those with power or influence, of favoring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs

A city in the Tuscany region of northern Italy that was the center of the Italian Renaissance

English Protestant follower of the Church of England

A form of government in which people elect representatives to rule in their name

A person who supports the arts or other activities by supplying money for them

French Protestant follower of Calvinism

A term used to describe a multi-talented person with varied interests and abilities, who tried to excel in all of them

An Italian city-state located on the Adriatic Sea. It's a major trade route between Asia and Europe

One of the richest city-states; controlled trade through the Alps

A person or company involved in trade, especially one dealing with foreign countries or supplying in a specialized trade

Buying or selling of something spiritual

An outbreak of a deadly disease that caused the death of nearly one-third of Europe’s population

the belief that everything that will happen has already been decided by God and fate cannot be changed

a court established by the Catholic Church to try cases of heresy and other offenses against the church

A representative body having supreme legislative (legal) powers within a state or country

a set of beliefs held and taught by the Church

The study of the nature of God and religious belief

The appearance of distance or depth on a flat surface, as in a painting