What was the Meiji Restoration?

Reform movement that returned power to the emperor & embraced western ideas

Which of the following was a major reason for the internal weakness of the Chinese state in the nineteenth century?

Its bureaucracy had not kept up with its population growth.

Which nation(s) had carved out “spheres of influence” in China by the end of the nineteenth century?

Western nations plus Russia and Japan

Which of the following was a reason for the failure of the Taiping Uprising?

Provincial military leaders mobilized troops to put down the rebellion.

Which of the following statements is true of both China and the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century?

Both launched efforts of defensive modernization to protect themselves

Which of the following was a factor in creating China’s internal crisis in the nineteenth century?

China's increasing population wtihout an indusiral revolution

How was Japan’s relationship to the larger world affected by its modernization at the turn of the twentieth century?

Japan was accepted as a Great Power by the states of Europe.

Which of the following was a reason for the success of Japan’s Meiji Restoration?

The US, the western power most likely to intervene in Japan, was occupied

What were Janissaries?

Members of the Ottoman military elite

What was Japan’s reaction to Commodore Perry’s 1853 demand that Japanese ports be opened to foreigners?

Capitulation to the demands, leading to a civil war

Which of the following statements accurately describes China’s Taiping Uprising (1850–1864)?

It was a radical rebellion influenced by a uniqure form of Christianity

Which of the following points was a characteristic of the Young Turk movement?

A militantly secular view of public life

Which of the following statements best describes the Meiji Restoration?

It involved large–scale borrowing from the West, combining with Japanese.

Which of the following was enacted in the course of the Meiji reforms of Japan?

A strong central state was created.

How did the Opium Wars get their name?

Western gov'ts wanted to force China to allow them to import opium freely

Which of the following points was a result of the Opium Wars?

China was forcibly opened to European trade, including in opium.

How devastating was the Taiping conflict relative to other nineteenth–century conflicts in the world?

It caused largest loss of life of any conflict in the nineteenth century.

Which of the following statements is true of Japan in the period 1600–1850?

Japan’s samurai evolved into a bureaucratic and administrative class.

Which of the following steps did the Ottoman government take in the nineteenth–century Tanzimat Reform?

The Ottoman government created western–style factories

What was the Taiping rebels’ attitude toward women?

The rebels' attitude toward women was inconsistent.

Which of the following steps did China take toward modernization in the nineteenth century?

Adopted a policy of conservative modernization that borrowed from the West.

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Chapter 19 Review

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Questions 28

Answers

1
Which nineteenth–century non–western state accomplished the most sweeping program of modernization?
India
Japan
The Ottoman Empire
China
2
The agreements by which the Ottoman Empire was forced to grant legal and tax exemptions to westerners were known as
Tanzimat.
free trade agreements.
unequal treaties.
capitulations.
3
In what country did militias known as “Boxers” kill numerous Europeans & Christian converts, besieging foreign embassies
The Ottoman Empire
Iran
China
Japan
4
What was the Meiji Restoration?
A Chinese attempt to end Christian influence and re–impose Confucian values
A Sudanese reform movement that advocated return to a pure form of Islam
Reform movement that returned power to the emperor & embraced western ideas
An Ottoman reform movement that attempted a program of industrialization
5
Which of the following was a major reason for the internal weakness of the Chinese state in the nineteenth century?
Its working class went on strikes too often.
Its tax collectors lacked effective methods of forcing tax payment.
It became too dependent on European imports.
Its bureaucracy had not kept up with its population growth.
6
Which nation(s) had carved out “spheres of influence” in China by the end of the nineteenth century?
Russia and Japan
Western nations only
Russia only
Western nations plus Russia and Japan
7
Which of the following was a reason for the failure of the Taiping Uprising?
Provincial military leaders mobilized troops to put down the rebellion.
The rebel forces disbanded peacefully after the gov't addressed grievances
The Taiping’s leader defected to the Qing army, disheartening the rebels.
The Japanese invaded China and succeeded in putting down the rebellion.
8
Which of the following statements is true of both China and the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century?
Both lost their independence to European imperial powers.
Both successfully fended off western efforts to interfere
Neither succeeded in establishing a nationalist movement.
Both launched efforts of defensive modernization to protect themselves
9
Which of the following was a factor in creating China’s internal crisis in the nineteenth century?
An overly strong central bureaucracy that stifled innovation
Major epidemics that led to population decline
Massive wars with neighbors that depleted their army and tax base
China's increasing population wtihout an indusiral revolution
10
Which of the following regions did the Ottoman Empire lose to western imperialism in the nineteenth century?
Egypt
Iran
Afghanistan
Turkey
11
Who spearheaded Japan’s industrialization program?
The daimyo
The Japanese government
Foreign investors
The samurai
12
How was Japan’s relationship to the larger world affected by its modernization at the turn of the twentieth century?
The US, alarmed by Japan’s growing power, launched a war against it.
Western powers, alarmed by Japan’s success, cut their economic ties to them
Japan was accepted as a Great Power by the states of Europe.
Despite its successes, westerners refused to accept Japan as an equal.
13
Which of the following was a reason for the success of Japan’s Meiji Restoration?
The US, the western power most likely to intervene in Japan, was occupied
Japan’s strategic location made westerners willing to invest in Japan.
In a brief but bloody civil war, emperor Meiji’s forces destroyed dissent
Japan’s modernization was so gentle that few people were affected by it.
14
What were Janissaries?
Members of the Ottoman military elite
Chinese rebels
Turkish rulers
Members of the Japanese military elite
15
What was Japan’s reaction to Commodore Perry’s 1853 demand that Japanese ports be opened to foreigners?
Capitulation to the demands, leading to a civil war
Rapid democratization of Japan thanks to U.S. influence
War with the United States
Eager and immediate acceptance of what the West had to offer
16
Which of the following statements accurately describes China’s Taiping Uprising (1850–1864)?
It was a modest revolt that primarily sought tax relief for peasants
It was a Confucian uprising whose goal was to re-establish old ways
It was a rebellion inspired by foreign socialist agitators
It was a radical rebellion influenced by a uniqure form of Christianity
17
What nineteenth–century state was known as the “Middle Kingdom” to its populace?
Japan
China
Ottoman Empire
Iran
18
Which of the following points was a characteristic of the Young Turk movement?
A militantly secular view of public life
Affirmation of the traditional view that a woman’s place is in the home
A return to Islamic fundamentals
Rejection of western values and modernity
19
Which of the following statements best describes the Meiji Restoration?
It involved limited and cautious borrowing from the West.
It involved uncritical adoption of everything the West had to offer.
It involved a return to traditional values, with a firm rejection of west.
It involved large–scale borrowing from the West, combining with Japanese.
20
Which of the following was enacted in the course of the Meiji reforms of Japan?
A strong central state was created.
Travel and trade restrictions were imposed to prevent rebellions.
Most of the samurai class was executed as a measure to stabilize the state
Special privileges were given to a new merchant elite.
21
How did the Opium Wars get their name?
Chinese leaders were completely ineffective because they were opium addicts
Western forces invaded China to destroy crops of opium poppies.
Troops became less effective during the war as they began using opium
Western gov'ts wanted to force China to allow them to import opium freely
22
What is the scornful title that western commentators gave to the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century?
“The Cripple of Asia”
“The Strong Sword of Islam”
“The Land that Time Forgot”
“The Sick Man of Europe”
23
Which of the following points was a result of the Opium Wars?
China adopted a policy of isolationism, closing its ports to Europe
Trade in opium was made illegal everywhere in the world.
China was forcibly opened to European trade, including in opium.
The Qing dynasty gained in prestige after stand against foreign aggression.
24
How devastating was the Taiping conflict relative to other nineteenth–century conflicts in the world?
It was the worst conflict in Asia during the nineteenth century.
It was a medium–scale affair.
It was ultimately a minor clash.
It caused largest loss of life of any conflict in the nineteenth century.
25
Which of the following statements is true of Japan in the period 1600–1850?
Class system collapsed because the samurai no longer had a military role.
Japan was a strongly centralized state under the rule of the shogun
Japan’s samurai evolved into a bureaucratic and administrative class.
Japan in this period was characterized by a number of civil wars.
26
Which of the following steps did the Ottoman government take in the nineteenth–century Tanzimat Reform?
The Ottoman government created western–style factories
Ottomans invited a large number of foreign advisors to run their country.
The Ottomans abolished the sultanate in favor of a democratic government.
Launched a massive campaign to reaffirm Islam as the state religion.
27
What was the Taiping rebels’ attitude toward women?
The rebels proclaimed that all women should be equal to men.
The rebels' attitude toward women was inconsistent.
The rebellion refused to give women any role in their movement.
The Taiping rebellion reaffirmed the traditional Chinese beliefs on women.
28
Which of the following steps did China take toward modernization in the nineteenth century?
China eagerly adopted western industrial techniques but not other elements
Adopted a policy of radical modernization, embraced all things Western
China rejected all modernization as un–Chinese.
Adopted a policy of conservative modernization that borrowed from the West.

Chapter 19 Review Flashcards | StudBud