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111 Mock Final
111 Mock Final
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Nursing Final Exam Prep
Flashcards
146 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Some growth & development trends are predictable. One trend is cephalocaudal growth, meaning:
Head and brain develop first.
Legs and feet develop first.
Both sides of the body develop equally.
Gross motor skills are learned last.
2
Which model of health & illness places health and death on opposite ends of a graduated scale?
Health Promotion Model
Agent-Host-Environment Model
Health-Illness Continuum
Health Belief Model
3
Which of the following when caring for patients with limited income is most important?
Risk for increased incidence of disease
Limited access to reliable transportation
Decreased access to health care services
Basic human needs may go unmet
4
Which of the following most accurately defines an infection?
the result of lack of knowledge about food preparation
an illness resulting from living in an unclean environment
a disease resulting from pathogens in or on the body
an acute or chronic illness resulting from traumatic injury
5
A client has been prescribed a clear liquid diet. What food or fluids will be served?
Jell-O, carbonated beverages, apple juice
High-calorie, high-protein supplements
Hot cereals, ice cream, chocolate milk
Milk, frozen dessert, egg substitutes
6
What negative effects does immobilization have on the musculoskeletal system?
Demineralization of bone
Increased muscle oxidation
Increase in aerobic capacity
Lengthening of muscle fibers
7
Which of the following statements is true of the older adult population?
Older adults are not interested in sex.
Incontinence is not a part of aging.
Old age begins at 65 years of age.
Most older adults live in nursing homes.
8
A patient asks to see his medical record (chart). How would the nurse respond?
I can’t let you do that without a doctor’s order.
Our hospital policy is that you can’t do that.
Why do you want to do that? It will only make you worry.
I will get your chart and provide you with privacy.
9
Which of the following individuals is likely to require more hours of sleep?
a 43 year old
a 25 year old
a 15 year old
a 75 year old
10
Erikson’s task of autonomy vs. shame and doubt occurs during which stage of development?
Early childhood
Infancy
Early adolescence
Late childhood
11
Which of the following laboratory results indicates the presence of malnutrition?
Hemoglobin (Hgb) 11.3 g/dL
Hematocrit (Hct) 56%
Creatinine 1.9 mg/dL
Serum albumin 2.8 g/dL
12
Bedrest affects the whole body. What is one effect it has on the musculoskeletal system?
impaired gas exchange
increased risk for venous thrombosis
decreased sensory stimulation
increased risk for contractures
13
What nursing action can be used to facilitate sleep in hospitalized pts who are on bedrest?
administering prescribed sleep medications
giving a back massage
encouraging naps during the daytime
changing the bed with fresh linens
14
Which of the following best describes a primary prevention method for colon cancer?
Hemoccult testing
Laparoscopy
High fiber diet
Colonoscopy
15
It is important to assess what when using the health belief model as a framework for teaching?
Motivation to learn
Developmental level
Source of information
Family support
16
What does documentation of type of care, time of care, and signature of the person prove?
The person who signed the documentation did all work noted.
The patient’s response to the intervention was positive.
Interventions were implemented to meet the patient’s needs.
No litigation can be brought against the person who signed.
17
A RN is caring for a Native American. The person most important to include in the care is:
Family
Physician
Tribal medicine man
Physical therapy aide
18
In contrast to holistic health care, Western or allopathic medicine focuses on the:
physical aspects of health deviations.
environmental impact on health.
mind-body connection.
impact of family relationships on health-seeking behaviors.
19
A patient who has bleeding tendencies has a deficiency in which vitamin?
Vitamin B
Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Vitamin C
20
A RN caring for pts with diabetes knows that ___ is a characteristic of a chronic illness:
It is a temporary change.
It requires special patient education for rehabilitation.
It requires a short period of care or support.
It causes reversible alterations in A&P.
21
The RN knows that pain threshold and pain tolerance are different in that pain threshold is:
the point at which signs such as groaning are observed.
the point at which pain is perceived.
the point at which the person responds to pain.
the point at which pharmacologic intervention is required.
22
Which of the following best describes a client who has an illness?
Someone with hypercholesterolemia
Someone who has well-controlled diabetes
Someone with a headache
Someone with coronary artery disease without angina
23
Healthy People 2010 objectives provide a framework for:
prevention
treatment
diagnosis
assessment
24
In addition to other benefits, how does fiber affect cholesterol?
Raises blood cholesterol levels
Increases fecal excretion of cholesterol
Decreases fecal excretion of cholesterol
Facilitates intake and use of trans fat
25
A student has influenza. At what stage of the infection is the student most infectious?
incubation period
full stage of illness
convalescent period
prodromal stage
26
An appropriate topic on secondary prevention & health maintenance for middle-aged adults is
Prenatal checkups
Pregnancy prevention
Medication safety
Medical checkups
27
Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?
Blood pressure screening
Diagnostic cardiac catheterization
Informational session about healthy lifestyles
Interventional cardiac catheterization
28
When giving care to a 30-year-old Hispanic male, a RN is aware that the man will most likely:
be stoic about pain.
ignore somatic interventions such as heat and massage.
confess to pain, but refuse pain medication.
prefer a pill to an injection.
29
A child with a leg cast tells the RN that he has pain inside his cast. This pain is most likely
mechanical
thermal
electrical
chemical
30
A body uses 22 common amino acids. 9 of them must be obtained from protein. These proteins are:
Essential
Basic
Primary
Fundamental
31
A RN is teaching an older adult about activity. What info would be included in the teaching?
the recognition that exercise is not important
the requirement of frequent inactivity
the importance of regular exercise
the possibility of exercise-induced fractures
32
Which of the following illustrates that health education & counseling objectives are being met?
Diabetic who attends a diabetes education program
Diabetic who is admitted in diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetic who starts taking his medications regularly
Diabetic who watches a video about administration of insulin
33
Which of the following alternative therapies is based on the “Law of Minimal Dose”?
Ayurveda
Homeopathy
Traditional Chinese
qi Gong
34
A nurse gives a back massage to relieve pain. What theory is behind this intervention?
large/small fiber theory
prostaglandin stimulation
neuromodulation
gate control theory
35
Which aging theory describes a chemical reaction that produces damage to the DNA & cell death?
free radical theory
immunity theory
genetic theory
cross-linkage theory
36
Which of the following is the leading cause of death among women?
stroke
cancer
accidents
coronary artery disease
37
Which of the following medications is least likely to affect sleep quality?
Ambien
diuretic
antidepressant
steroid
38
What orderly pattern of changes results in part from learning from formal/informal experiences?
growth
aging
maturity
development
39
A nurse is assessing the muscles of an older adult. What will be assessed?
degree of flexion, associated pain
temperature, turgor, moisture
reflexes, range of motion
mass, tone, strength
40
What is an example of a system barrier to cultural competence?
A strict policy against more than one visitor in the ICU
No kosher diet options on menu
No privacy curtains in exam rooms
No sinks in every patient room
41
A teen stating “Old people don’t need the same things that young people do” is an example of:
racism
knowledge
ageism
indifference
42
A woman over age 40 years has an annual mammogram. What level of prevention does this represent
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
Medical prevention
Primary prevention
43
A pt is on bed rest, which leads to immobility. What is bed rest considered in this situation?
Difficult to maintain
A nursing responsibility
Contributing to the patient’s recovery
A risk factor
44
The concept of holism is based on the belief that
Health is achieved by treatment from physicians
Individuals cannot be seen apart from the environment
Health is achieved through medical care
Individuals can be seen in an atomistic fashion
45
Which nursing roles are primarily performed during the working phase of a helping relationship?
researcher
teacher and counselor
provider of care
leader and manager
46
What natural chemical does the body produce at night to decrease wakefulness and promote sleep?
Melatonin
Seratonin
Endorphins
Dopamine
47
A child describes intense pain in the head while eating a popsicle. This type of pain is:
Hyperalgesia
Fear
Allodynia
Thermal stimulation
48
Vivid dreaming occurs in which stage of sleep?
Stage II non-REM
Stage I non-REM
Rapid eye movement (REM) stage
Delta stage
49
How is culture learned by each new generation?
belonging to a subculture
ethnic heritage
involvement in religious activities
formal and informal experiences
50
The RN is delivering a meal tray to a female Muslim pt. What intervention is most appropriate?
Offering her bacon and eggs
Providing her with a female nurse
Providing her with a male nurse
Offering her a ham and cheese sandwich
51
What is the primary purpose of an incident report?
Basis for staff evaluation
Basis for disciplinary action
Means of identifying risks
Format for audiotaped report
52
Which of the following foods is considered a complex carbohydrate?
brown sugar
syrup
molasses
bread
53
A nurse is documenting the intensity of a client’s pain. What would be the most accurate entry?
“Client states pain is a 9 on a scale of 1 to 10.”
“Client appears to be in a lot of pain and is crying.”
“Client states has pain; walking in hall with ease.”
“Client complaining of severe pain.”
54
A patient has an injury with damage to the liver and colon. What type of pain will predominate?
Cutaneous pain
Visceral pain
Psychogenic pain
Neuropathic pain
55
Who is the legal owner of the patient’s medical record?
Patient
Institution
State
Physician
56
Which of the following is an essential component of the definition of learning?
Increases self-esteem
Cannot be measured
Can be measured
Decreases stress
57
How long should a nurse scrub hands that are not visibly soiled for effective hand hygiene?
1 minute
5 minutes
30 seconds
15 seconds
58
What phrase best describes health?
the opposite of illness
the absence of disease
experienced by each person in exactly the same way
individually defined by each person
59
What characteristic is used to describe racial categories?
food likes and dislikes
skin color
language
music preferences
60
Which of the following groups of terms best describes sleep?
decreased state of activity, refreshed
altered consciousness, relative inactivity
alert, responsive
comatose, immobility
61
An assessment reveals erythema on an immobilized pt’s sacrum. What is the first nursing action?
Rub the area with alcohol.
Apply a wet-to-dry dressing.
Massage the reddened area.
Reposition the patient.
62
In general, what is the focus of care for nurses who work with older adults?
Referring clients for needed emotional support
Providing all necessary physical care
Establishing goals and expected outcomes for the client
Assisting clients to function as independently as possible
63
A patient begins snoring and is sleeping lightly. The stage of sleep is
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 2
Stage 1
64
What is the nurse’s primary role in promoting health?
implementing stress reduction activities
avoiding smoking or drinking in public
educating others about health promotion activities
being a role model for health promotion
65
A RN calls to report he has the flu & will not be at work. This stage of illness behavior is:
assuming a dependent role
experiencing symptoms
achieving recovery and rehabilitation
assuming the sick role
66
Which of the following postural deformities might be assessed in a teenager?
kyphosis
rickets
osteoporosis
scoliosis
67
What is an important consideration when developing the care plan?
Ensure interventions will be easy to implement
Ensure the number of interventions is limited
Ensure evaluation of the nursing diagnoses is possible
Ensure the patient is involved in the process
68
A RN is assessing vital signs of a pt who is moaning with pain. What are the expected findings?
no change from usual results
increased pulse and blood pressure
increased temperature
decreased pulse and respirations
69
What is the rationale for using CPAP to treat sleep apnea?
positive air pressure holds the airway open
delivery of oxygen facilitates respiratory effort
alternating waves of air stimulate breathing
negative air pressure holds the airway closed
70
What philosophy underlies the use of CAT?
The mind, body, and spirit function as a unified whole.
Traditional medicine is most effective for chronic illnesses
The mind and the body are separate and distinct.
Parts of an organism rarely interact or change.
71
What information do anthropometric measurements provide in adults?
Indirect measure of protein and fat stores
Reflection of social interaction with others
Direct measure of degree of obesity
Indication of degree of growth rate
72
Which would be an appropriate topic for a nurse to present at an elementary school PTA meeting?
prevention of congenital anomalies
dangers of smoking and drinking during pregnancy
importance of bonding and attachment
commonality of communicable diseases
73
In Maslow’s hierarchy of physiologic needs, the human need of greatest priority is:
oxygen
nutrition
love
elimination
74
A college-aged pt has influenza. At what stage of the infection is the pt most infectious?
Prodromal stage
Full stage of illness
Incubation period
Convalescent period
75
A male RN is preparing to take vitals of a female pt. Which ethnicity would find this improper?
Native American
White
Arab Muslim
African American
76
Which of the following statements accurately describes the concepts of disease and illness?
The focus of nurses is the person with an illness.
A person with an illness cannot be considered healthy.
Illness is a normal process that affects functioning.
A disease is traditionally diagnosed and treated by a nurse.
77
A RN organizes pt data using the SOAP format. What would be recorded under “S” of this acronym?
Client’s chief complaint
Client history
Client complaints of pain
Client interventions
78
A pt has pain in the left arm secondary to coronary insufficiency. This is what type of pain?
Subacute pain
Referred pain
Chronic pain
Acute pain
79
A 16 year old child is hospitalized. According to Erikson, what is an appropriate intervention?
tell the friends to visit the child
encourage patient to help child learn lessons missed
tell the child’s girlfriend to visit the child.
call the priest to intervene
80
Which element in the circular chain of infection can be eliminated by preserving skin integrity
reservoir
host
portal of entry
mode of transmission
81
A child gains weight and becomes taller each year. What is this process called?
progression
orderly change
growth
development
82
The most common injury among elderly persons is:
Atheroscleotic changes in the blood vessels
Increased incidence of gallbladder disease
Hip fracture
Urinary Tract Infection
83
A nurse uses Therapeutic Touch to decrease a pt’s nausea. A principle of this CAT modality is:
Humans do not have the ability to transform.
A human being is a closed energy system.
A human being is bilaterally asymmetric.
Illness is an imbalance in a person’s energy field.
84
During her education session, a RN teaches the parents on a newborn’s sleep patterns. Newborns:
Are inactive when awake
Have shorter periods of REM sleep
Will nap two times per day
Sleep 16 to 17 hours per day
85
Where does the digestion of carbohydrates begin?
pharynx
stomach
small intestine
mouth
86
Which age group is asking patients about loneliness a particularly significant assessment?
Young adults
Old young adults
Older adults
Old middle-aged adults
87
An orthopedic pt is instructed to tighten the gluteus muscles & relax. This is an example of an
Anaerobic exercise
Isotonic exercise
Isometric exercise
Aerobic exercise
88
When a RN teaches a pt about breast self-examination, the primary purpose of the education is
Illness prevention
Wellness promotion
Promotion of coping
Restoration of function
89
Which of the following strategies might a nurse use to increase compliance with education?
Provide verbal instruction at all times.
Maintain clear role as the authority.
Include the client and family as partners.
Use short, simple sentences for all ages.
90
Which vitamin is found only in animal foods?
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12
Vitamin A
91
The term for when members of an ethnic group believe their beliefs and practices are best is:
Prejudice
Ethnocentrism
Bias
Separatism
92
Why is communication important to the assessing step of the nursing process?
The major focus of assessing is to gather information.
Assessing involves only nonverbal cues.
Written information is rarely used in assessment.
Assessing is primarily focused on physical findings.
93
Educating women on the need for calcium to prevent bone loss is what level of prevention?
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
Residual prevention
Primary prevention
94
A RN is assessing a pt’s pain. The RN notes which finding that is indicative of acute pain?
Decreased respiratory rate
Pupil constriction
Decreased pulse rate
Increased blood pressure
95
How may a nurse demonstrate cultural competence when responding to patients in pain?
Know the action and side effects of all pain medications.
Treat every patient exactly the same, regardless of culture.
Avoid stereotyping responses to pain by patients.
Be knowledgeable and skilled in medication administration.
96
What intervention should be included to prevent pressure ulcer development in health care?
Do not turn; use pressure-relieving support surface.
Implement a turning schedule every two hours.
Change position at least once each shift.
Use ring cushions for heels and elbows.
97
A physician orders a placebo for a patient. What is a placebo?
an inactive substance given in place of a drug
an analgesic with no known side effects
an intravenous form of a potent analgesic
a smaller than usual dose of an analgesic
98
According to the World Health Organization, what is the best definition for “health”?
Simply the absence of disease
Status of pathological state
Strictly personal in nature
Involving the total person and environment
99
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of poor nutritional status?
Firm hair that is resistant to plucking
Firm, pink nailbeds
Tongue is a deep red in color with surface papillae present.
Flaky facial skin, facial edema, pale skin color
100
Which one of the following is one of the main, overreaching goals for
Healthy People2010
?
Determination of acceptable morbidity rates.
Elimination of health disparities.
Reduction of health care costs.
Investigation of substance abuse.
101
Constipation is a common problem for immobilized patients because of:
Increased colon motility
Decreased peristalsis and positional discomfort
An increased defacation reflex
Decreased tightening of the anal sphincter
102
Which of the following misconceptions is common in patients in pain?
“I need to ask for pain medications.”
“The nurses are here to help relieve the pain.”
“I will get addicted to pain medications.”
“I do not have to fight the pain without help.”
103
According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which of the following is correct?
A child’s greatest task is to make sense of their world.
Cognitive function becomes refined throughout life.
Culture plays a major role in cognitive development.
Learning precedes development.
104
When assessing an older adult. The nurse may expect an increase in:
Nerve conduction
Nail growth
Skin turgor
Urine residual
105
What subjective data does the nurse record following a head-to-toe examination?
Rash on back
White blood cell count of 19,000
Blood pressure of 190/100
Prolonged nausea
106
A mainstay of therapy for the management of chronic diseases is:
surgery.
lifestyle changes.
occupational and physical therapy.
medications.
107
A flexion contracture occurs because of inactivity and
Cartilage and bone changes occurring inside the joints
Extensor muscles being stronger that flexors
Flexor muscles being stronger than extensors
Synovial fluid decreases related to age
108
Which of these RNs is caring for patients who are trying to resolve identity vs role confusion?
A nurse who provides care in a large junior high school
A nurse who works in a long-term care facility
A pediatric nurse
An occupation health nurse based at a lumber mill
109
A nurse is assessing a pt with a stage IV pressure ulcer. What assessment would be expected?
full-thickness skin loss
skin pallor
blister formation
eschar formation
110
What is the term for range of motion (ROM) when it is performed by the patient?
Passive
Coordinated
Assisted
Active
111
A RN is assessing the activity level of a 5-month-old. What normal findings would be assessed?
ability to pick up small objects
ability to sit and head control
progress toward running and jumping
progress toward unassisted walking
112
Which of the following is a guiding principle of holistic care?
The body is the sum of its parts.
The body is a unified, dynamic whole.
Holism is focused on reductionism.
All living organisms exist independently.
113
What framework does prioritization of care during the planning phase of the nursing process use
Piaget’s cognitive table
Freud’s classifications
Erikson’s developmental tasks
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
114
Which factor is
least
significant when gathering information about cultural practices?
Language, timing
Pain perception, management expectations
Touch, eye contact
Biocultural needs
115
What action by the nurse would indicate cultural competence?
Prioritizes care based on cultural needs
Displays no favoritism
Wants to learn more about other ethnic groups
Tries to treat all patients the same
116
Which cultural group defines illness as a price that is being paid for the past or the future?
Asian
African
Arabian
Native American
117
Which of the following conditions is most impacted by inadequate calcium intake?
anemia
dental caries
osteoporosis
dry eyes
118
A RN documents the finding of purulent drainage. What is the composition of this drainage?
clear, watery blood
white blood cells, debris, bacteria
large numbers of red blood cells
mixture of serum and red blood cells
119
Developing an education plan is comparable to what other nursing activity?
Performing a complex technical skill
Formulating a nursing care plan
Using a standardized form or format
Documenting in the nurses notes
120
___ is information provided by a family when a pt is unable to provide data during assessment.
secondary
primary
unreliable
biased
121
What is a fixed concept of how all members of an ethnic group act or think?
Ethnic stereotypes
Variations within a cultural group
Identical practices
Holistic nursing
122
Of all possible nursing interventions to break the chain of infection, which is most effective?
providing good skin care
practicing hand hygiene
wearing gloves at all times
administering medications
123
Which of the following procedures always requires surgical asepsis?
Nasogastric tube insertion
Colostomy irrigation
Urinary catheterization
Vaginal instillation of conjugated estrogen
124
What is a RN required to do to adhere to the concept of confidentiality of a medical record?
Provide information only to another nurse
Have a clinical reason for reading the recordd.
Share information only with the family
Provide information only to an attorney
125
A RN asks a pt to tell him the side effects of a med. What learning domain is the RN evaluating
emotional
psychomotor
cognitive
affective
126
In what type of documentation method would a RN document narrative notes in a nursing section?
PIE charting system
Source-oriented record
Problem-oriented medical record
Focus charting
127
What is a set of learned values, beliefs, customs, and practices shared by a group?
Ethnicity
Religion
Culture
Race
128
Which signs & symptoms would a RN expect to find when assessing an Asian pt for postop pain?
Immobility, diaphoresis, and avoidance of deep breathing
Decreased BP and heart rate and shallow respirations
Changing position every 2 hours
Quiet crying
129
A nurse is discussing sleep problems with a patient. What type of foods would promote sleep?
a carbohydrate snack
one cup of hot chocolate
a high-protein snack
three glasses of red wine
130
What is the most critical element of documentation of education?
the client’s need for learning
The implementation of the education plan
Evidence that learning has occurred
A summary of the education plan
131
Which of the following illustrates the effect of the sociocultural dimension on health/illness?
I used biofeedback to lower my blood pressure.
My mother has sickle cell anemia, and so do I.
I know I have heart problems, so I have changed my diet.
Why shouldn’t I drink and drive? Everyone else does.
132
A physician’s order reads “up ad lib.” What does this mean in terms of client activity?
May be up as desired
May only go to the bathroom
Must remain on bed rest
May walk twice a day
133
What is the route of administration for TPN?
Subcutaneous
Intravenous
Oral
Intramuscular
134
What is one belief of Native American healing practices?
Energy flows through meridians throughout the body.
A balance of yin and yang is important to health.
Healing takes time, time contributes to healing.
Modern life facilitates potential healing agents.
135
In Stage 4 sleep, the
Temperature increases
Blood pressure is elevated
Respirations are irregular
Pulse rate is slow
136
What are elements found in food and necessary for good health but that the body cannot make?
Life-saving nutrients
Important nutrients
Necessary nutrients
Essential nutrients
137
Educating women on diet and exercise is an example of what type of patient education?
Health promotion
Disease prevention
Health protection
Health restoration
138
A nurse correctly differentiates race from ethnicity by noting that race is based on
Biological
Social
Spiritual
Religious
139
Which of the following statements is true of chronic pain?
It interferes with normal functioning.
It is always present and intense.
It disappears with treatment.
It lasts for less than 6 months.
140
Why is acute pain said to be protective in nature?
As an objective experience, it aids diagnosis.
As a subjective experience, it serves no purpose.
It warns an individual of tissue damage or disease.
It enables the person to increase personal strength.
141
Which of the following nursing pioneers established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882?
Florence Nightingale
Jane Addams
Dorothea Dix
Clara Barton
142
A nurse practitioner uses integrative care in his practice. What does this mean?
He uses allopathic medicine to treat all clients.
The nurse provides care for clients of all age groups.
He uses both allopathic medicine and CAT.
The nurse uses CAT, a physician-prescribed medication.
143
Which of the following most accurately defines “illness”?
The inability to carry out normal activities of living
A pathologic change in mind or body structure or function
Achieving maximum potential and quality of life
The response of a person to a disease
144
According to Freud, the name given to the part of the mind that represents one’s conscience is:
ego
superego
unconscious mind
id
145
What is the goal of the nurse in a helping relationship with a patient?
to provide hands-on physical care
to ensure safety while caring for the patient
to facilitate the patient’s interactions with others
to assist the patient to identify and achieve goals
146
Understanding patient feelings but remaining objective to help achieve positive outcomes is:
empathy
caring
competency
honesty
