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2025 Ultimate STAAR Review!!! Flashcards | StudBud
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2025 Ultimate STAAR Review!!!
2025 Ultimate STAAR Review!!!
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Answers
1
What is natural selection?
populations move into new areas with resources that best fit their traits
population gene pools change over time due to reproductive fitness
individuals leave and start a new population, isolating their traits
individuals acquire favorable mutations and pass them to fit offspring
2
Fill in the blanks: Active Transport______________ and Passive Transport________________
is osmosis; is diffusion
requires energy; does not require energy
Does not require energy; requires energy
does not use a protein; does use a protein
3
How many traits do the salamander and the turtle share?
2
3
5
4
4
When humans eat it needs to move through 900cm worth of organs. What 2 systems are working?
digestive and muscular
skeletal and nervous
muscular and excretory
excretory and digestive
5
What are the
reactants
of Photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide, carbohydrates
carbon dioxide, water, sunlight
oxygen, carbohydrates
Carbon dioxide, ATP, water
6
What is the internal transport of water, minerals, and food in plants?
Xylem and Phloem
Transpiration
Stomata
Photosynthesis
7
What type of mutation would not affect the amino acid chain therefore making the same protein?
Frameshift
Insertion
Deletion
Silent
8
What are the complementary bases in DNA?
Adenine-Guanine; Cytosine- Thymine
Thymine- Uracil Cytosine-Guanine
Adenine-Cytosine Guanine-Uracil
Adenine- Thymine Cytosine- Guanine
9
Nonliving particles that invade cells in order to reproduce; made of genetic material and protein coat (capsid)
Prokaryotes
Pathogens
Eukaryotes
Viruses
10
Fill in the blank: Mitosis makes___________and Meiosis makes__________
Diploid somatic cells Haploid gametes
Diploid egg cells Haploid sperm cells
Haploid gametes Diploid somatic cells
Haploid sperm cells Diploid egg cells
11
What is TRUE about Aerobic Cellular Respiration?
carbon dioxide is a required reactant
ATP is required reactant
oxygen is a required reactant
happens in the nucleus of cells
12
Mono
mer (subunit) of a Protein
Polysaccharide
Amino acid
Lipid
Monosaccharide
13
What process is modeled below?
Replication
Translation
Mitosis
Transcription
14
Quick source of energy, contains CHO in a 1:2:1 ratio
lipid
carbohydrate
protein
nucleic acid
15
how does a
deletion
mutation change the rest of the mRNA strand
It changes the amino acids so that just that one will be not be translated
It reverses the order of the codon sequences and resulting amino acids
It shifts the codon frames, which will change all the amino acids following
It causes an early STOP, so no more amino acids will be translated
16
The
male
reproductive organ on a flower; composed of the filament and the anther; produces pollen
stigma
carpal (pistil)
stamen
ovary
17
What happens during the Synthesis phase of the cell cycle?
cytoplasm divides
DNA Replication
nucleus divides
The cell grows
18
A plant that contains chlorophyll produces glucose from which of the following?
ATP and H2O
CO2 and O2
O2 and ATP
CO2 and H2O
19
What two body systems work together to keep your body at homeostasis by preventing infection
integumentary & immune
endocrine & reproductive
digestive & circulatory
nervous & endocrine
20
The stomata's response by CLOSING would most likely be caused by-
a reduced supply of oxygen
long periods of rainfall
high concentration of glucose
little available water
21
How would you distinguish between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?
Euk-Larger and contains organelles
Euk-No nucleus and smaller
Pro- No nucleus and larger
Pro- Larger and contains organelles
22
Which characteristic do Kingdom Fungi and Kingdom Plantae share?
Autotrophic
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Mobile
23
How many
codons
are in the following mRNA strand? 5'-AUG ACC UAU-3'
none
9
3
1
24
What is natural selection?
new genes in a gene pool
survival of the fittest
every gene in a population
individuals leave and start a new population
25
What function do bacteria have that is HELPFUL to the environment?
Yogurt
Illness
Digestion
Decomposers
26
Changing shape of the cell membrane requires ATP. What type of transport is here?
Osmosis, which is active transport
Exocytosis, which is passive transport
Endocytosis, which is active transport
Facilitated diffusion, which is passive transport
27
A
type
of protein that CATALYZES (speeds up) chemical reactions in living things.
Enzyme
Competitive Inhibitors
Hormone
Amino Acids
28
What do we call a
monomer
subunit of nucleic acids, such as DNA or RNA?
fatty acid
nucleotide
amino acid
codon
29
What is the term for your body staying balanced and equal?
equal
catalyst
homeostasis
metabolism
30
What cellular process enables cells to divide and make more tissue?
binary fission
meiosis
mitosis
cellular respiration
31
Parrotfish swim with rabbitfish for protection and the parrotfish does not mind.
Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutualism
Predation
32
What is true about
incomplete
dominance inheritance patterns?
Dominant masks recessive
Trait is carried on the X chromosome
Heterozygous will show blending of the two alleles
heterozygous will show both alleles simultaneously
33
What biomolecule is not listed on this food label?
Protein
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleic Acid
34
Human body cells have 46 chromosomes in their nuclei. Meiosis ensures that the cells have-
12 chromosomes
92 chromosomes
23 chromosomes
46 chromosomes
35
The type of
vascular tissue
in plants that moves water from roots into stems, then up the stems into the leaves?
Stomata
Phloem only
Xylem and Phloem
Xylem only
36
What are ALL nucleotides made up of?
Phospholipids, amino acids, and nitrogenous bases
Proteins, lipids, and a nitrogenous base
Phosphate, 5-sided sugar, nitrogenous base
Carbohydrates and proteins
37
What is the oldest layer in this rock layer?
B
C
A
D
38
What biomolecule is made up of a carbohydrate and phosphate?
Protein
Only Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acid
Lipid
39
Which of these is the correct order for Protein Synthesis?
RNA → DNA → Protein
DNA To mRNA (Transcription) → mRNA to protein (Translation)
Translation→ Transcription
Protein-->DNA-->RNA
40
Oxygen and CO
2
transport throughout your body is an example of what
2
systems working together?
muscular and skeletal
nervous and immune
Immune and circulatory
Respiratory and circulatory
41
The body system that includes all glands and tissues producing HORMONES.
Endocrine
Circulatory
Integumentary
Lymphatic
42
What is this step of Mitosis called?
Anaphase
Metaphase
prophase
telophase
43
Skin, muscle, and stomach cells all have the same DNA but different functions. What process allows this?
Genetic drift
Genetic variation
DNA replication
Gene expression
44
Which of these is a mutualistic relationship?
Bee pollinating a flower
Leech feeding from a human host
Wolf consuming a rabbit
Cow sharing a pasture with a goat
45
Examine the diagram closely. Will this process require ATP energy or not?
Energy required; molecules go from LOW to HIGH concentration
No energy required; molecules go from HIGH to LOW concentration
Energy required; molecules go from HIGH to LOW concentration
No energy required; molecules go from LOW to HIGH concentration
46
A virus is currently making more viruses and the host is showing symptoms. What cycle is it in?
Lysogenic
Binary
Lytic
Mitosis
47
What type of Osmosis is occurring from left to right
isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic
hypertonic, isotonic, hypotonic
hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic
48
What is the purpose of crossing-over?
Identical body cells
Making energy for active transport
Genetic variation in future offspring
Making multiple copies of proteins
49
What are the genotypes of the
parents
?
Both heterozygous
Both homozygous dominant
1 heterozygous and 1 homozygous
Both recessive
50
What are the
products
of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide, ATP, water
Carbon dioxide, water
Oxygen, glucose
oxygen, ATP
51
Which structure is part of the Respiratory
AND
Digestive System
pharynx(throat)
trachea(windpipe)
bronchi & alveoli
esophagus
52
If the brown beetle leaves to mate with the green beetle it would increase genetic diversity.
natural selection
non-random mating
genetic drift
gene flow
53
Characteristics of
Prokaryotes
, such as this bacteria:
have membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus
contain DNA and make proteins ribosomes
produce ATP with mitochondria
must infect a host cell in order to reproduce
54
Which of the these is a genotype?
brown hair
temperature
long hair
Aa
55
All cells in your body...
Have a cell wall
Contain a complete set of DNA
Have the same function
Have cilia and flagella
56
If brown eyes are dominant to blue, what would be the result of crossing two heterozygotes?
75% blue 25% brown
100% blue eyes
75% brown 25% blue
50% blue 50% brown
57
How is information for a specific protein carried on this molecule?
In the ratio of adenines to thymines
In the double-helix shape of the condensed chromosome
As a sequence of nucleotides
As a pattern of phosphates and sugars
58
We use nucleotide sequences to compare organisms & this is possible because all organisms share
Nuclei
DNA Bases
Cells
Organelles
59
Who is the
secondary consumer
?
Grasshopper
Frog
Eagle
Python
60
Which of these is a phenotype?
temperature
chromosomes
AA
black hair
61
What is the purpose of the glycoproteins on this HIV virus?
Help obtain food
Used for attachment
Used for defense
Provide support for the cell
62
Fleas and Dogs show what type of ecological relationship?
Predation
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
63
What role do
bacteria and fungi
play in the food web?
Primary Consumers that also facilitate biomagnification
Secondary Consumers that also facilitate detritivores
Decomposers that also facilitate the Nitrogen Cycle
Producers that also facilitate the Carbon Cycle
64
Which organisms can be
Tertiary
Consumers?
mouse and rabbit
Insect-eating bird and snake
Owl and mouse
Hawk and snake
65
Similarities in embryo development suggests evidence of a :
mutations
common ancestory
cross breeding
Hybrid species
66
Flexible barrier, controls what enters and exits the cell, made of lipids
cell wall
DNA
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
67
What type of response it this plant showing?
thigmotropism
phototropism
gravitropism
photosynthesis
68
A mutation that causes less-mature cells to divide too rapidly, aka uncontrollable mitosis
Silent Mutation
Meiosis
Cancer
Tay-Sachs
69
location where energy (ATP) is created during Cellular Respiration
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Nucleus
chloroplast
70
The observation of an XY set in chromosome pair 23 is...
extra autosomes
chromosomal mutation
karyotype of a male
karyotype of a female
71
Uncontrolled cell division can result in the formation of
Cancer/tumors
Immune deficiencies
Mutations
Allergies
72
Transcribe and Translate TAC AGG GTG
met ser his
met pro his
met phe his
met leu his
73
Makes Proteins in the cell
Chloroplast
Golgi body
Ribosome
Mitochondria
74
When stem cells mature into various types of specialized cell.
Cell cycling
Cellular respiration
Cellular propagating
Cell differentiation
75
What happens in the S phase of the Cell Cycle
the cell divides
the DNA is split
the amount of DNA doubles
the cell grows
76
When a virus inserts their DNA into the host cell and then go
dormant,
allowing the host to replicate the viral DNA
.
lytic cycle
lysogenic cycle
77
Which is
not
true about viruses?
Viruses do not obtain energy
Viruses are not made of cells
Viruses require a host cell
Viruses are alive
78
Where in the cell do the parts of protein synthesis occurs?
Transcription- nucleus Translation-ribosomes
Transcription-mitochondria Translation- cell membrane
Transcription- cytoplasm Translation- nucleus
Transcription-ribosomes Translation-cytoplasm
79
What part of the flower receives the pollen and is the location of fertilization?
Pistil
Anther
Sepals
Filament
80
An
inherited
characteristic
that improves an individuals ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
Adaptation
Mutation
Competition
Predation
