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H Bio: BSCS - Ch. 19 Flashcards | StudBud
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H Bio: BSCS - Ch. 19
H Bio: BSCS - Ch. 19
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Evolution
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Answers
1
Extinctions occur much more often in modern times than they did in the past.
True
False
2
Which statements are correct?
As individuals evolve, populations containing those individuals evolve
POPULATIONS evolve, NOT individual organisms
INDIVIDUAL organisms evolve, NOT populations
As POPULATIONS evolve, inidividual organisms in it evolve as a whole
3
Microsatellites keep the bacterial population diverse + ensures that some bacteria can survive under changing conditions
False
True
4
Pseudogenes accumulate mutations faster than functional genes in the same family.
False
True
5
What is used to estimate the rates of evolution on different scales?
anatomical data
molecular data
6
study of fossils = paleontology
True
False
7
What is the rapid increase in speciation caused by diff. populations in the same environment evolving to diff. species?
stasis
ecological isolation
adaptive radiation
natural selection
8
Human population affects extinctions of species.
False
True
9
How many fossils of extinct species have been discovered (according to biologists)?
1 in 1,000,000
10 in 100,000
1 in 10,000
100 in 10,000
10
About how many groups of organisms become extinct per million years?
20-50
2-5
10-15
5-10
11
What is the percent difference of DNA sequences between the mammoth and elephant
75%
5%
200%
50%
12
One kind of mutation that provides evidence of the history of evolution is gene duplication.
False
True
13
What indicates that evolution is occuring in populations?
more reproductive success
genetic changes
longer lives for organisms
better eyesight
14
What is the smallest unit of evolution?
ecosystem
population
cell
organism
15
Natural selection is an important part of evolution.
True
False
16
Evolution is faster in large populations than in small populations.
True
False
17
The hypothesis that evolution and speciation occurred by the accumulation of gradual and fairly constant changes is...
evolution
a punctuated equilibrium
gradualism
speciation
18
The long-term change in inherited characteristics in which new species evolve from members of existing species over time
osmosis
mutations
evolution
coevolution
19
How do mutations contribute to evolution?
green box
green box
green box
new alleles could be selected, passed on, or removed if not advantageous
20
What are your thoughts on this quiz?
it helped me alot thanks :)
alot of unecessary info, it sucks
waaay too long but good info
never make a quizlet again
21
What is coevolution?
how plants and animals are becoming more similar
the continuous adaptation of different species to each other
the theory that all life descended from one common ancestor
the definition of evolution with the prefix "co" added to the beginning
22
How do scientists demonstrate the evolutionary process of antibiotic resistance bacteria?
by gradually increasing the exposure of bacteria to certain antibiotics
add ingrdients to blood compounds to ignite fire in a lung to help cells
by extracting it from every organism that is affected
by taking it away completely
23
Few modern species have changed little from their ancient ancestors.
False
True
24
How do microsatellites contribute to evolution?
killing off unnecessary species
increasing genetic variation
increasing human population
more crossing over occurs
25
Mutations are a source of genetic variation.
False
True
26
What happens when a population or species is well adapted to its environment and remains stable?
less reproductive succes
daramtic increase in population
nothing, stasis
more populations arise
27
What is a unit of evolutionary change called?
a darwin
a equilibrium
a fossil
a tetraploid
28
What is the process by which populations of living organisms adapt and change as a result of their environment?
artifical selection
evolution
natural selection
mutations
29
Species in evolutionary
stasis
change dramatically over generations
False
True
30
Polyploidy offspring mating with other polyploidy offspring can create a new species.
False
True
31
What extcint animal was a ancestor to the modern-day elephant?
woolly mammoth
iguana
sheep
blue-footed booby
32
Homologous genes are responsible for the formation of the body plan and organs in every distantly related species.
False
True
33
What produces new combinations of genes?
independent assortment
mating
fertilization
crossing over
34
Duplicated genes support the hypothesis that all vertabrates share a common ancestor.
True
False
35
What are microsatellites?
blue box
blue box
blue box
short, repeated nucleotide sequences where mutations are very common
36
What are diatoms?
single-celled photosynthetic organisms w/ hard shells that live in water
single-celled photosynthetic organisms w/ hard shells that live on land
multi-celled photosynthetic organisms w/ hard shells that live on land
multi-celled photosynthetic organisms w/ soft shells that live in water
37
Parts of proteins that not functionally important accumulate amino-acid changes faster than parts essential for function
True
False
38
What are the raw materials for evolution?
the fossil record and genetic recombinations
mutations and genetic recombinations
diatoms and fossils
mutations and diatoms
39
What does gene duplication produce?
one copy of an identical DNA sequence
one copy of a different DNA sequence
mutiple copies of different amino acid sequences
gene families, multiple copies of nearly identical DNA sequences
40
What's the most common mechanism that separates populations?
geographic isolation
ecological isolation
seasonal isolation
behavioral isolation
41
Homologies help biologists understand the history of evolutionary changes.
False
True
42
How do scientists physically experiment with evolution?
make an explosion and see every species dies off
artificial selection
they mix some chemicals
make more babies
43
What isolation occurs when the gametes of two species are reproductive and mate during different times of the year?
behavioral isolation
ecological isolation
seasonal isolation
geographic isolation
44
What is evidence of evolution?
development of toes and fingers
physical remains
fossils
strata
45
Artificial selection and selective breeding slow down the speciation process.
False
True
46
a few yrs of bacterial growth = hundreds of thousands of yrs for human evolution (reproduction = 15,000x faster)
True
False
47
Pseudogenes are transcribed and translated, as well as subjected to natural selection
False
True
48
Which element is rare on Earth but common in meteorites and debris from space?
potassium
iridium
nitrogen
lithium
49
Who can polyploidy offspring mate with?
themselves (asexual)
anybody
other polyploidy offspring
animals
50
How are mass extinctions good for fortunate few species that remain?
provide advantage to surviving species
habitats vacated by extinctions become available for other species
ensures survival and dispersal of remaining species
51
How do scientists find the degree of relatedness between species?
see if they have the same body structures
they look at them and make an educated guess
compare amino acid sequences of homologous proteins in different species
measure differences in appearance
52
What is a cell that has 4 copies of each chromosome?
diploid
polyploidy
tetraploid
haploid
53
Which type of isolations are pre-zygotic mechanisms?
ecological isolation
seasonal isolation
mismatched mating behavior
geographic isolation
54
What are aspects of homologies?
behavior of organisms
chemical components
anatomical structure
DNA structure
55
What is a segment of DNA that structurally resembles a gene but is not capable of coding for a protein?
mutation
pseudogene
polyploidy
DNA sequence
56
What is the definition of a species?
organisms that can breed together
populations that interbreed
organisms that can't breed together
populations that breed together
57
What is the appearance of new species?
speciation
artificial selection
natural selection
biodiversity
58
Genetic recombination is a type of genetic variation.
False
True
59
How can mating behavior and physical characteristics affect the reproductive success of some organisms?
differences in the size of reproductive organs
sperm is not attracted to the egg
gametes are not chemically compatible
differences in the size of organisms
60
The specific gene biologists are studying to determine whether mutations contribute to the formation of new species:
Pox gene
smallpox gene
Hox gene
Cox gene
61
Bones and shells cannot survive decay.
False
True
62
What do you call a mechanism that fails to fuse gametes?
mutated
zygotic
post-zygotic
pre-zygotic
63
What isolation occurs when 2 populations adapt to different habitats?
geographical isolation
behavioral isolation
ecological isolation
seasonal isolation
64
Polyploidy often results in the formation of new species of plants
False
True
65
In populations, what gives some organisms an improved chance to survive and reproduce?
camoflauge
a long life
depositions
inherited variation
66
What is polyploidy?
the duplication of sister chromatids (2 chromatid sets)
the duplication of chromsomes (more than 2 chromosome sets)
an animal unable to reproduce
failure to duplicate chromsomes
67
What is the frequency of alleles in a gene pool without a change in its equilibrium?
relatively stable
more alleles are added
relatively unstable
# of alleles decrease
68
Punctuated equilibrium helps account for the major gaps in the fossil record.
False
True
69
Which one is accurate?
birds descended from dinos
birds and dinos are not related in any way
birds descended from rhinos
dinos descended from birds
70
What are homologies?
organisms having the same/similar relation, relative position, or structure
organisms that don't do meiosis
organisms having different structures
organisms having the same number of legs
71
What is evidence of coevolution often found in?
Competition between species
symbiotic species
the adaptations of predators and their prey
a food web
72
How many species of fossil organisms have been found?
300,000
3,000,000
30,000
3,000
73
What is the mechanism that produces a zygote, but fails to develop normally?
post-zygotic mechanism
pre-zygotic mechanism
a mutation
behavioral isolation
74
Soft tissues of exctinct species can make a fossil record by leaving preserved impressions.
False
True
75
Why did Darwin have trouble defending his theories about evolution?
he was dumb
Mendel’s study of genetics didn’t come out till years later
he died at age 30
he didn't have the right materials
76
What are lines of evidence to support the conclusion that "all life originated from a common ancestor"?
natural selection
fossil record
genetic data
ecological relationships
77
What are the modern species that haven't changed much compared to their ancient ancestors as a result of stasis called?
"diatoms"
"the fossil record"
"living fossils"
"survival of the fittest"
78
What isolation occurs when groups (of animals) are separated by water, mountain ranges, or impassable canyons?
geographical isolation
ecological isolation
behavioral isolation
seasonal isolation
79
How do populations avoid competing with each other in the same environment?
use different resources in the same habitat
eat all the other species
kill the other organisms
adapt to different habitats
80
The fossil record id complete.
True
False
81
What isolation occurs when the mating pattern of a small group of organisms becomes diff. from that of the main group?
ecological isolation
seasonal isolation
geological isolation
behavioral isolation
82
Speciation in sexually reproducing organisms: when 2 populations are so diff. in genetic makeup -> no more interbreeding
False
True
83
What acts on the raw material of genetic variation to produce heritable, long-term changes in living populations?
natural selection
gradualism
selective pressure
punctuated equilibrium
