Initiative and independence are fostered by

parents encouraging when child plans and carries out a task

period of growth & hormonal change leads to sexual maturity

Heavy alcohol use by the mother during pregnancy can lead to which condition in the child?

problems with academic achievement

What are Erik Erickson's theories?

identity crisis, pyschosocial development

A child who is starting school, trying to learn good habits & do well, is in Erikson's stage

of industry versus inferiority.

What is the primary disadvantage of case studies?

inability to generalize conclusions

Mary Ainsworth investigated attachment disorder through which assessment technique

strange situation classification

From the perspective of the life-span psychologist, life stages are important because

they present a set of developmental tasks to be mastered.

Girls who mature early are more likely

to engage in earlier sexual relations.

Kohlberg studied moral development by

posing moral dilemmas to children of different ages.

understanding that things exist even when out of sight

Developmental psychology is the study of:

continuity and change across the life span.

Kohlberg identified the three levels of moral development as the

preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.

Carol Gilligan’s critique of Lawrence Kohlberg’s stages of moral development focuses primarily on

differences between males and females in the course of moral development

Generativity refers to

concern for welfare of others and society as a whole.

The primary advantage of survey research is that it

gives researchers a wealth of information quickly and easily

Toddler who is toilet training and at times feels bad when he messes up is at Erikson's stage

autonomy versus shame and doubt.

Which of the following has shown to be an effective intervention to reduce teen pregnancy?

Participation in service learning programs

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Unit 9

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Questions 97

Answers

1
With aging there is a decline of __________ intelligence, but not of __________ intelligence.
fixed; fluid
fluid; fixed
crystallized; fluid
fluid; crystallized
2
Initiative and independence are fostered by
mastering psychomotor skills.
identity versus role confusion
parents encouraging when child plans and carries out a task
3
Which theorists believed that people develop through a series of stages related to age?
all of the above
Erickson
Piaget
kohlberg
4
Puberty
occurs earlier for boys than for girls.
period of growth & hormonal change leads to sexual maturity
is the same as adolescence.
5
Heavy alcohol use by the mother during pregnancy can lead to which condition in the child?
deformed limbs
problems with academic achievement
enlarged heart
6
What are Erik Erickson's theories?
child analyst
identity crisis
psycho sexual development
pyschosocial development
7
In Pavlov's original experiment, the bell served as the
conditioned response
nuertal stimulus
unconditioned stimulu
unconditioned response
8
Which of Erickson's stages deals with initiative vs guilt?
Preschoolers
School-age children
Toddlers
Infants
9
A child who is starting school, trying to learn good habits & do well, is in Erikson's stage
of industry versus inferiority.
of generativity versus stagnation.
of integrity versus despair.
of initiative versus guilt.
10
Piaget-the cognitive process that interprets new information in light of existing schemas is:
accommodation
assimilation
object permanence
conservation
11
Which is the ultimate goal of all individual, according to Maslow's theory of motivation?
optimal levels of arousal
self-actualization
reduction of drives and needs
homeostasis
12
The ____ sense helps us keep our balance and sense of equilibrium.
kinestetic
auditory
vestibular
olfactory
13
What is the primary disadvantage of case studies?
reliance on rigid experimental control
use self-report data to draw conclusions
inability to control the behavior of iterest
inability to generalize conclusions
14
Mary Ainsworth investigated attachment disorder through which assessment technique
bobo doll
MacArthur Story Stem battery
attachment disorder questionnaire
strange situation classification
15
What is the prenatal developmental sequence?
zygote, embryo, fetus
zygote, fetus, embryo
fetus, zygote, embryo
fetus, embryo, zygote
16
Erikson's developmental stage _______ results in the experience of a unified sense of self.
identity versus role confusion
generativity versus stagnation
autonomy versus shame and doubt
trust versus mistrust
17
From the perspective of the life-span psychologist, life stages are important because
represent the outcome of major biological changes.
provide insight into values & aspirations of a culture.
they present a set of developmental tasks to be mastered.
their beginning & end are perfectly correlated with age.
18
What do we call an optimal window of opportunity for proper development?
a critical period
a parenting style
a social period
attachement
19
Harlow's experiment with monkeys and surrogate mothers emphasized the importance of
aesthetic needs
feeding
gender schema
contact comfort
20
A baby looks under the sofa for a ball that has just rolled underneath it. Piaget says the baby shows development of
conservation
object permance
logical thinking
egocentrism
21
Girls who mature early are more likely
to engage in earlier sexual relations.
to withdraw and become socially isolated.
to be socially ostracized in middle and high school.
o become tall and thin.
22
Kohlberg studied moral development by
evaluating criminal and delinquent person's court records.
having subjects perform various legal or illegal behaviors.
posing moral dilemmas to children of different ages.
having subjects keep a daily journal of their actions.
23
Which of the following parenting styles has been found to be the best approach?
authoritative
democratic
permissive
authoritarian
24
Conforming to expectations of others/socially accepted rules & values defines the _____
postconventional morality level
obediencemorality level
conventionalmorality level
concretemorality level
25
Ty's mother takes him out for ice cream each time she brings home a good report card. This is
negative reinforcement
positive punishement
secondary reinforcer
postive reinforcment
26
Object permanence is
understanding that things exist even when out of sight
understanding that tall and short beakers hold the same amt
the belief that all objects have life
27
Developmental psychology is the study of:
adulthood, from the twenties through old age.
prenatal growth, from conception until birth.
continuity and change across the life span.
the child, from birth to adolescence.
28
According to Erikson, failure to resolve the tasks of middle adulthood leads to a sense of ___
stagnation
self-absorption
apathy
despair
29
Which of the following would meet the criteria of creativity?
convergent thinking
algorithms
divergent thinking
both convergent thinking and algorithms
30
The _________ serves as a relay station for vision, hearing, taste, and touch.
hippocampus
thalamus
amaygdala
hypothalamus
31
Kay, age 1, exhibits object permanence but doesn't have symbolic thought. Which Piaget stage?
concrete operational
sensorimotor
formal operational
preoperational
32
Kohlberg identified the three levels of moral development as the
preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.
self-interested, social, and personal.
conditional, unconditional, and postconditional.
premoral, conventional, and postethical.
33
How many stages does Erikson have?
6
😍😍
8
4
34
Ty cheats in his math class, even though he knows it is wrong, because "everyone else is doing it". Kholberg stage?
conventional
formal operational
precovential
post conventional
35
What did Piaget believe children are incapable of during the preoperational stage ?
Conservation
Abstract thought
All of the above
Hierarchical classification
36
Which phenomenon is best explained by Opponent-Process Theory?
color blindness
light and dark adaptation
afterimages
the blind spot
37
Erikson's stage -success is achieved by having a secure social attachment with a caregiver is
integrity versus despair
trust versus mistrust
autonomy versus shame and doubt
generativity versus stagnation
38
The menopause and climacteric are to aging as
activity is to ageism.
birth is to death.
puberty is to adolescence.
integrity is to autonomy.
39
The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically in the late 1800s was
Herman Ebbinghaus
Franz Gall
Wilhelm Wundt
George Sperling
40
According to Kohlberg theory, post conventional morality requires thinking at Piaget's
concrete operational level
sensorimotor level
preoperational level
formal level
41
Elizabeth Kübler-Ross is known for her research in the area of
adolescent behavior.
death and dying.
coping with stress
eating disorders.
42
In late 40s, if I don't reach out to others, notably young people. I'm in what Erikson stage?
shame
isolation
stagnation
guilt
43
Carol Gilligan’s critique of Lawrence Kohlberg’s stages of moral development focuses primarily on
the order in which stages of moral development occur
the number of stages in moral development
the key events that mark the transitions between stages of moral developmen
differences between males and females in the course of moral development
44
Generativity refers to
the ability to establish adequate social & money security
concern for welfare of others and society as a whole.
active acceptance of aging and the social changes it brings.
45
Lawrence Kohlberg is known for his research in the area of __________ development.
physical
moral
cognitive
motor
46
A research design where the same group of subjects is tested/observed repeatedly over time is
experimental research
correlational research
cross-sectional research
longitudinal research
47
Piaget proposed four stages of what development?
- Intelligence
- Social
-Cognitive
-Moral
48
The primary advantage of survey research is that it
gives researchers a wealth of information quickly and easily
gathers accurate and extensive data on one person
does not require a representative sample
allows determination of cause and effect
49
Toddler who is toilet training and at times feels bad when he messes up is at Erikson's stage
identity versus role confusion.
intimacy versus isolation.
autonomy versus shame and doubt.
initiative versus guilt.
50
As children begin their elementary school years, they enter Erikson's stage of
initiative versus independence.
autonomy versus conformity.
industry versus inferiority.
education versus indolence.
51
Which of the following has shown to be an effective intervention to reduce teen pregnancy?
increasing guilt related sexual activity
increased media exposure to sexual content in the media
Participation in service learning programs
Abstinence
52
The three steps in Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome are
stress, coping, and exhaustion
alarm, coping, and resitance
alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
biological, cognitive, and emotional coping
53
Ashley's best frined got a new phone number 2 weeks ago. Today, she dialed the old number.
state-dependent learning
proactive interference
retroactive interference
source amensia
54
Maturation explains why
we stand before we walk
we like familiar people
the brain shuts down unused connections (pruning)
we learn the lance accents of our peers
55
Piaget preoperational stage, the inability to perceive reality from another's perspective is
accommodation
egocentricism
assimilation
transitive inference
56
When we have no idea how to solve a problem, we often rely on
insight
a heuristic
an algorithm
trial-and-error
57
Ray has a difficult time understanding his mother's facial expressions and engages in repetitive actions. Suffering from
metacognition
ASD
FAS
menopause
58
Kevin's parents rarely set or enforce rules, and they are far more responsive than demanding.
autoritative
traditional
permissive
authoriatrian
59
Kübler-Ross states the most common order of emotional reactions in preparing for death is
anger, depression, bargaining, denial, acceptance.
anger, depression, denial, bargaining, acceptance.
depression, anger, denial, bargaining, acceptance.
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance.
60
From the perspective of Erik Erikson, life stages are important because
each signals a new stage of cognitive development.
each is an expression of biological programming.
their failure to appear is evidence of psychopathology.
each involves a crisis or dilemma.
61
Alcohol is a teratogen that can slip through the __------_ and damage the fetus or embryo.
placenta
brainstem
womb
zygote
62
Many people in the U.S. stated "I knew that was going to happen" after the events of 9/11.
hindsight bias
availability heuristics
representative heuristics
overconfidence bias
63
According to Erickson, preschoolers are faced with the need to achieve
industry
autonomy
trust
initiative
64
If your teacher is a fan of essay exams, which method of memory is he/she using?
imagery
recall
relearning
recongition
65
According to __________, we face a specific psychosocial dilemma at each stage of life.
James Coleman
Sigmund Freud
Lawrence Kohlberg
Erik Erikson
66
The first emotional reaction to impending death is usually
anger.
bargaining.
depression.
denial.
67
Conformity to peer values often
assures an individual of acceptance.
inhibits personal growth.
inhibits a member-of-society perspective.
peaks in late adolescence.
68
The brain and spinal cord together comprise the
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
somatic nervous system
central nervous system
69
Sam will recover from a head injury due to a fall from a high place because brain tissue adapts
This is called lateralization.
This is called plasticity
This is called brain specialization
This is called accommodation.
70
Identification with peer groups
decreases during adolescence.
gives adolescents a measure of security & sense of identity
reduces self-esteem and self-worth.
seems to always lead to incredibly destructive behaviors.
71
Activation of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system results in
increase in digestion
increase perspiration
decrease in digestion
decrease in judgement
72
The period of human development that extends from birth until the onset of puberty is known as:
infancy
childhood
prenatal stage
embryonic stage
73
Jim had a 90th birthday and is excited to about a visit from his grandchildren. Erickson stage
despair
integrity
industry
isolation
74
is an inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in anxiety, seizure disorders, and sleep disorders
serotonin
ACH
dopamine
GABA
75
Ty stole candy from a store when he was hungry. He doesn’t think he was wrong since no saw him
Kohlberg's Conventional stage
Piaget's concrete operational stage
Kohlberg's Preconvential stage
None of the above
76
Sexual orientation is most likely developed as a result of
a combination of genetics, prenatal hormones, and social influences
a combination of developmental norms, socialization, and gender constancy
77
Vocabulary and stored knowledge
re examples of fossilized intelligence.
are examples of fluid intelligence.
are examples of crystallized intelligence.
each their peak a few years after high school or college.
78
What are the stages in order?
sensorimotor, preoperational, formal, concrete.
preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete, formal.
preoperational, sensorimotor, formal, concrete.
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, formal.
79
What did Watson discover in his study with "Baby Albert"?
emotions such as fear can be classically conditioned
classical conditioning studies do not generalize to infants
animals could learn complex behavior using classical conditi
children could be taught to behave using operant condition
80
A failure to develop a consistent identity results in
inferiority.
stagnation
role confusion.
isolation.
81
Teachers, peers, & adults become important in shaping attitudes about self in Erikson's stage
industry versus inferiority.
integrity versus despair.
trust versus mistrust.
initiative versus guilt.
82
The rooting reflex is a neonate's tendency to
grasp nearby objects
throuw out its arms and legs and quickly retract them
open it mouth and turn it head when its cheek is touched
explore the world through sucking objects
83
In Erickson's stages of psychosocial development a teenager experiences
competence vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
intimacy vs. isolation
identity vs role confusion
84
In Piaget's Sensorimotor stage, the ability to flexibly alter existing schemas into new schemas
accommodations
equilibrium
adaptation
assimiliation
85
What is a fertilized egg called?
embryo
fetus
zygote
teratogen
86
Which of the following cognitive abilities is possible only at formal operation stage?
using theory of mind to predict the behavior of others
using hypothetical situations as the basis or moral reasoning
reversing arithmetic operations
using symbolic thinking for pretend play
87
The process of altering ones existing schemas as a result of new information or experiences is
assimilation
chaining
accommodation
denial
88
Gender stereotypes are developed as a result of
heredity and other biological factors
societal norms and other environmental factors
both environmental and biological factors
the development of gender identity
89
The word teratogen refers to the:
specific pattern of motor response triggered bya stimulus.
substance that forms a fatty sheath around axons-brain cells
cephalocaudal rule of development.
agent that can damage the process ofdevelopment.
90
An 18 month old typically recongizes herself in a mirror. This self-awareness contributes to
self-esteem
self-concept
self-assurance
self-actualization
91
John is 40 years old who snores loudly and sometimes wakes up grasping his breath. He has
sleep deprivation
night terrors
insomnia
sleep apena
92
According to Erikson, a major conflict in the first year of life is that between
relatedness versus isolation
trust versus mistrust.
autonomy versus shame and doubt.
initiative versus guilt.
93
The Atkinson-Shiffrin three-stage model of memory includes
encoding, storage, and retrieval
semantic memory, episodic memory, and working memory
sensory memory, short-term memory, and long term memory
expllicit memory, implicit memory, and consolidation
94
ADHD in children is most often treated with the drug
Ritalin.
Haldol.
Thorazine.
Valium.
95
The Yerkes-Dodson law related to the optimum level of ___needed to perform a task successfully.
effort
arousal
motivation
difficulty
96
The most basic units of language are
sematics
phonemes
syntax
morpheme
97
In the nature vs. nurture controversy, "nature" refers to
all of the above
the environment
plants and animals
heredity

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