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Unit 2 Cognition AP Psych Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 2 Cognition AP Psych Review
Unit 2 Cognition AP Psych Review
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1
Which phenomenon explains why people tend to remember first and last items in a list better than those in the middle?
Misinformation effect
Retroactive interference
Encoding failure
Serial position effect
2
What is the primary focus of Goleman’s theory of emotional intelligence (EQ)?
Academic and standardized test performance
Understanding and managing emotions in oneself and others
Problem-solving and logical reasoning
Creativity and divergent thinking
3
A child with a mental age of 12 and a chronological age of 10 would have an IQ of:
80
140
100
120
4
Which mnemonic device pairs locations with information to enhance memory recall?
Chunking
Method of loci
Spacing effect
Phonological loop
5
Forgetting the details of a lecture over time due to lack of review demonstrates:
Retroactive interference
Decay theory
Encoding failure
Retrieval failure
6
What type of memory is assessed when a student answers multiple-choice questions?
recall
recognition
procedural memory
implicit memory
7
The calculation of IQ in early intelligence tests used which formula?
Chronological age ÷ Mental age × 100
Mental age ÷ Chronological age × 100
Chronological age ÷ Mental age × 2
Mental age × 2 ÷ Chronological age
8
What is the availability heuristic?
Using prior experiences to solve new problems
Recalling information based on vivid examples that come to mind easily
Using logical analysis to make decisions
Judging a situation based on how well it matches a prototype
9
Chunking information is an effective strategy because:
It avoids interference during retrieval
It simplifies encoding by grouping related items
It increases the capacity of sensory memory
It relies solely on visual processing
10
What does Spearman’s theory of intelligence propose?
Intelligence is measured only by emotional skills.
Intelligence is composed of eight distinct abilities.
Intelligence consists of a general factor (g) and specific factors (s).
Intelligence is defined solely by academic performance.
11
What is a typical standard deviation for modern IQ tests?
1 point
10 points
100 points
15 points
12
Using Quizlet to test your knowledge of terms is an example of:
Retrieval practice
Primacy effect
Context-dependent learning
Maintenance rehearsal
13
What is an example of a heuristic?
Organizing a to-do list by priority
Estimating which store will have the lowest prices based on a past visit
Solving a math problem by using a step-by-step formula
Using flashcards to memorize vocabulary
14
Which statement best describes functional fixedness?
Using an object only in the way it is traditionally intended
Preferring creative solutions over logical ones
Relying on past strategies to solve a new problem
Focusing on irrelevant details in problem-solving
15
The framing effect refers to:
Overestimating the importance of first impressions
Making decisions based on how information is presented
Distortion in memory due to suggestive questions
Prioritizing tasks using a mental framework
16
Which of the following best demonstrates the sunk-cost fallacy?
Avoiding a difficult decision by flipping a coin
Investing in a failing project because of past time and resources spent
Choosing an option framed as a gain rather than a loss
Assuming a slot machine will pay out soon after many losses
17
What process strengthens synaptic connections to support long-term memory formation?
Encoding failure
Chunking
Long-term potentiation
Maintenance rehearsal
18
Which memory process is most disrupted by retrograde amnesia?
Recalling procedural knowledge
Encoding new information
Using working memory
Retrieving long-term memories from before an injury
19
A person who scores two standard deviations above the mean on an IQ test has an IQ of approximately:
85
130
100
115
20
What is the role of the central executive in the working memory model?
Stores visual and spatial data
Retrieves long-term memory
Processes auditory information
Integrates information and allocates attention
21
A witness mistakenly recalls seeing a blue car when the actual car was red due to misleading questions
Repression
Constructive memory
Misinformation effect
Source amnesia
22
Which strategy is most likely to enhance encoding for long-term retention?
Listening to a recording while sleeping
Creating a detailed mental image of the material
Writing notes word for word from a lecture
Using massed practice to focus on a topic in one session
23
A student finds it easier to recall vocabulary words in the same classroom where they learned them. This illustrates:
Context-dependent memory
State-dependent memory
Mood-congruent memory
Procedural memory
24
Why is understanding the standard deviation of IQ scores important?
It explains why IQ is fixed and immutable.
It determines whether someone has above-average EQ.
It identifies specific areas of intelligence.
It allows comparison of individual scores to the population average.
25
Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence includes which three components?
Spatial, kinesthetic, and emotional intelligence
General, specific, and situational intelligence
Verbal, mathematical, and logical intelligence
Analytical, creative, and practical intelligence
26
On a standard IQ test with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, what % of individuals score within 85 and 115?
68%
34%
14%
50%
27
Which example demonstrates elaborative rehearsal?
Rereading a list of definitions repeatedly
Relating new material to personal experiences
Highlighting key phrases in a textbook
Grouping related terms into categories
28
What type of memory allows a pianist to play a song without consciously recalling the notes?
semantic memory
episodic memory
prospective memory
procedural memory
29
Which of the following best describes standard deviation in IQ scores?
The percentage of people scoring above 130
A measure of the spread of IQ scores from the mean
A fixed measure of emotional intelligence
A measure of the average IQ score in a population
30
If someone remembers the details of their last birthday, what type of memory are they using?
implicit memory
Procedural memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
