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BASICS OF CHEMISTRY
BASICS OF CHEMISTRY
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CHAPTER 7
Flashcards
48 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
48
Answers
1
The letters pH denote ______ , which is the relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance
potential hydroxide
partially hydrophilic
partial hydrogen
potential hydrogen
2
Metals, minerals, water, air, and ammonia are all examples of _______.
natural
Inorganic
organic
Alive
3
chemical reaction requiring absorption of energy of heat from an external source 4 the reaction 2 actually occur?
Acid-Alkali neutralization
Redox
Exothermic
Endothermic
4
An example of a chemical change is
the oxidation of haircolor products
Temporary haircolor
Ice melting to water
Water changing to ice
5
The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and alkaline _____solutions.
liquid
hydrogen peroxide
water-based
unstable
6
What type of shampoos are mild formulations designed to prevent the stripping of haircolor from the hair?
Claryfying
pH-balanced
Color-enhancing
Balancing
7
An example of an elemental molecule is _______
The oxygen in the air
water
hydrogen peroxide
common table salt
8
Organic chemistry is the study of substances that contain the element __________
carbon
hydrogen
sulfur
oxygen
9
Among the possible ingredients in wrinkle treatment creams are hormones and ____________
starch
collagen
glycerin
hydrolyzed protein
10
There are 118 different elements known to science today. How many of these are naturally occurring on Earth?
98
50
116
76
11
What common cationic ingredient is used in dandruff shampoos?
Amphoteric I-20
Sodium laureth sulfate
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Cocamide
12
What is the most common element found in the known universe?
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
Sodium
13
A(
n
) ______charged ion is called an anion.
naturally
positively
ionized
negatively
14
product 2 stimulate the scalp's surface circulation remove dandruff or impart hair's manageability shine & control
Medicated conditioners
instant conditioners
Thermal protectors
Hair tonics
15
When using a permanent wave neutralizer, ____________.
Hair is oxidized by removing hydrogen
H2 O2 loses oxygen
haircolor gains oxygen from H2O2
the waving solution is oxidized
16
Which of the following is defined as anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass ( weight)?
Atoms
Molecules
Carbon
Matter
17
__________________, also known as alkalis, are compounds of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen.
Acids
Bases
oxides
Salts
18
Acidic solutions tend to ________the hair.
swell
soften
harden
relax
19
Which of the following allows water and oil to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension?
Solution
Suspension
Emulsion
Surfactant
20
Concentrated protein conditioners are used to ___________
help equalize the porosity of the hair shaft
help the cuticle scales
Increase the tensile strength of the hair
help control dandruff and scalp conditions
21
Styling aids typically consist of polymer and resin formulations that are designed to five the hair body and texture.
cleansing creams
scalp lotions
pomades
mousses
22
uniform mixture of 2 or more substances made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance.
Solvent
Suspension
solution
solute
23
Which of the following remove hair by pulling it out of the follicle?
Depilatories
Masks
Epilators
Packs
24
_____________ refers to either the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.
Reduction
Oxidation
Reaction
Application
25
Acid-balanced shampoos & normalizing lotions associated w/ hydroxide hair relaxers work to create what type of reaction
Endothermic
Redox
Acid-alkali neutralization
Exothermic
26
What term applies to all living things and those things that were once alive?
Inorganic
Element
Matter
Organic
27
_________Shampoos are formulated to make the hair smooth and shiny and to avoid damaging chemically treated hair.
Balancing
Medicated
Conditioning
Clarifying
28
What does a pH below 7 indicates?
An acidic solution
A neutral solution
A logarithmic solution
An alkaline solution
29
Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously and are referred to as a(n) ___________ reaction.
exothermic
rapid oxidation
endothermic
redox
30
In hair lightening processes, what substance oxidizes the melanin pigments in hair, leaving the hair a lighter color?
Ammonium thioglycolate acid
water
Sodium chloride
Hydrogen peroxide
31
which of the following are chemical compounds that attract & retain moisture from the atmosphere?
Fatty Alcohols
Humectants
Mineral oils
Silicones
32
When oxygen is combined with a substance, the substance is ___________
blended
united
reduced
oxidized
33
What chemical compound can exist in all 3 states of matter depending on its temperature?
Hydrogen
Oxygen
water
Carbon Dioxide
34
A(
n
) _______is a suspension of one liquid dispersed in another.
surfactant
emulsion
solvent
solution
35
______ are examples of emulsions used in barbering services
Shampoos and conditioners
Hair tonics
Powders
soaps
36
What is the average pH for hair and skin?
3.5
5
9
7.5
37
Moisturizing creams are designed to treat ______________
oilaccumulation
dryness
wrinkles
dandruff
38
Gasoline, synthetic fabrics, plastics, and pesticides are all considered organic because they are manufactured from?
natural gas and oil
ammonium thioglycolate acid
sodium chloride
subatomic particles
39
Which of the following are the basic building blocks of all matter ?
Electrons
Atoms
Molecules
Protons
40
Astringents may have an alcohol content of up to what percentage?
35 percent
50 percent
20 percent
15 percent
41
An example of an instant conditioner is a _____________.
dandruff rinse
Blow drying spray
detangling rinse
permanent wave product
42
Rusting iron and burning wood are examples of a change in what type of properties?
Electrical
Chemical
Mechanical
Physical
43
An example of a water-in-oil emulsion is ________
calamine lotion
mayonnaise
witch hazel
Cold cream
44
Nonaqueous solutions, such as alcohol or oil, do not have _______.
their own distinct physical and chemical properties
mass
pH
volume or shape
45
What color do acids turn blue litmus paper?
Green
Yellow
Red
A darker blue
46
An example of physical change is ____________.
Ice melting to water
rusting iron
burning wood
oxidation
47
Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?
Powder
Salt Water solution
Aluminum foil
Concrete
48
As the basic unit of matter, _______ cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.
atoms
molecules
water
oxygen