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earth science semester a review Flashcards | StudBud
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earth science semester a review
earth science semester a review
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1
Students were surveyed about what their favorite sport. The results are represented on this pie chart. What sport was
soccer (dark blue)
football (orange)
lacrosse (yellow)
basketball (gray)
2
The statement “Heavy objects fall faster than light objects” is an example of a(n) _______.
question
hypothesis
theory
conclusion
3
Seasons are experienced because of the tilt of the Earth & its orbit.
False
True
4
Which observation must be made indirectly, through a scientific instrument?
the movement of a radio signal through the air
the wind moving through the trees
the warmth of infrared waves from the Sun
the ground moving during an earthquake
5
What happens when you see the Moon’s “phases” change? The Moon appears to change ____.
color
shape
distance
location
6
An AU is used to measure distances within the solar system.
False
True
7
When you develop a model, which step in the design process is taking place?
Identify a problem or need.
Implement the design.
Design a solution or product.
Evaluate the solution or product.
8
Which scientists helped deepen our understanding of planetary orbits? Select all that apply.
Galileo Galilei
Carl Linnaeus
Nicolaus Copernicus
Sir Isaac Newton
Robert Hooke
Johannes Kepler
9
Which statement is correct?
Quantitative observations use colors, qualitative uses numbers.
Quantitative observations use the senses, qualitative uses numbers.
Quantitative observations use numbers, qualitative uses the senses.
Quantitative observations use measurement, qualitative uses numbers.
10
What term is used to describe the speed an object needs to travel to leave its orbit?
elliptical velocity
aphelion
perhelion
escape velocity
11
Select the two movements of Earth that are noticeable from Earth due to changing sunlight and the seasons.
rotation
intergalactic movement
revolution
galactic movement
12
Identify the median in this set of numbers:36, 42, 28, 52, 48, 36, 31
48
42
36
31
13
Which planets are less than 2 AU from the Sun? Select all that apply.
Jupiter
Mercury
Earth
Venus
14
Which best describes a meteor?
made of ice that vaporizes in a long visible tail when close to the Sun
short and long-period orbits, composed of ice and rocks
burn when they strike Earth's atmosphere, leaving bright streak
thousands orbit the Sun between Mars and Jupiter
15
A light year is used to measure distances within the solar system.
True
False
16
An AU is equal to _______.
150 billion kilometers
100 trillion kilometers
150 million kilometers
10 miles
17
What was the order of major innovations by human beings?
metallurgy, firearms, fossil fuels, electricity
firearms, fossil fuels, electricity, metallurgy
metallurgy, fossil fuels, electricity, firearms
fossil fuels, firearms, electricity, metallurgy
18
The International System of Units is an accepted system of measurement only used in Europe.
False
True
19
A total lunar eclipse occurs when:
The Sun, Earth, & Moon are aligned, and the Moon is illuminated by the Sun.
The Sun, Earth, & Moon are not aligned
The Sun, Earth, & Moon are aligned, & no direct sunlight reaches the Moon.
A portion of the Moon is darkened by a shadow cast by Earth.
20
Which is a new interdisciplinary subject meant to store and organize biological data?
bioinformatics
bioengineering
biotechnology
biochemistry
21
A good hypothesis must be testable.
False
True
22
Mars is the ________ planet from the Sun.
3rd
4th
2nd
1st
23
Mars & Earth both have water.
True
False
24
Select the two times in the diagram that Earth is experiencing the equinoxes.
A
C
D
B
25
What term best describes a group of star systems, gas, dust, dark matter, & black holes all held together by gravity?
supercluster
solar system
supernova
galaxy
26
Which observation must be made indirectly, through a scientific instrument?
the ground moving during an earthquake
the warmth of infrared waves from the Sun
the wind moving through the trees
the movement of a radio signal through the air
27
What else are the four outer planets known as?
terrestrial planets
gas giants
little planets
terrestrial giants
28
Which of the following would be considered pseudoscience?
biology
astrology
physics
astronomy
29
Which of the following is the study of Earth, its structure, and composition?
geology
biology
astronomy
space science
30
Which are true about dwarf planets?
they can clear their orbits of other objects
they have enough gravity to be spherical in shape
there are 5 recognized dwarf planets
dwarf planets orbit the Sun
31
What is the effect of the Earth’s synchronous orbit on the Moon?
Makes the Moon more vulnerable to meteor strikes.
The shape of the Moon keeps changing.
There are times during the monthly orbit that the Moon is not visible.
Only one side of the Moon faces the Earth.
32
Based on your knowledge of scientific laws and theories, which of the following is true?
Neither laws nor theories can ever change.
They are ordered, with theories coming before laws.
A law explains what happens; a theory explains why something happens.
Both laws & theories can be expressed in a single mathematical equation.
33
Earth is the ________ planet from the Sun.
2nd
4th
3rd
1st
34
NASA was established by the U.S. government in the year:
1958
1952
2001
1976
35
Which eclipse is shown below?
solar
lunar
36
What powers the Sun?
prominence
solar flares
fission
fusion
37
What is a terrestrial planet made of?
only rocks
rocks & metals
gases & rocks
gases & metals
38
Which of the following spheres includes rocks, mountains, sand, and soil?
biosphere
atmosphere
hydrosphere
lithosphere
39
Gravity is not needed to keep planets orbiting the Sun.
False
True
40
A Blood Moon is a deep red color and is when there is a total lunar eclipse.
True
False
41
What is an object that is 100-m to 40-km diameter, a coma, a tail, & orbits the Sun from the Kuiper belt or Oort cloud?
planet
comet
dwarf planet
asteroid
42
What do we call the small tides that happen when the Sun and Moon are at right angles to each other?
high tides
spring tides
neap tides
low tides
43
Why did the Apollo Space Mission contradict the giant-impact hypothesis of the Moon formation?
because the rocks brought back were only like Theia
because the rocks brought back were only similar in composition to Earth
because the rocks brought back were only like the Earth & the Moon
because the rocks brought back were like Earth, the Moon, and Theia
44
Which of the following spheres includes oceans, streams, rivers, and lakes?
biosphere
lithosphere
atmosphere
hydrosphere
45
Gravity is the force that pulls objects towards one another.
True
False
46
The poles only have 2 seasons: Summer & Fall.
False
True
47
What might happen if the Earth did not have an atmosphere?
Earth’s rotation would stop.
We would not be able to breathe.
The seasons would be longer.
Everything would go flying out into space.
48
Which of the following are true about a good hypothesis?
must be well informed
will guide an experiment
must always be false
must be testable
49
Jupiter has 83 moons.
True
False
50
Which of the following spheres includes gases such as nitrogne & oxygen?
biosphere
atmosphere
lithosphere
hydrosphere
51
What does the giant-impact hypothesis for moon formation say?
the Moon was formed from a collision with an asteroid and Earth
the Moon was formed out of dust and ice from a comet
the Moon was formed because of a collision between Earth & Theia
the Moon was formed from the collision of Earth with giant star
52
A light year is equal to ________.
1 trillion kilometers
150 billion kilometers
150 million kilometers
1 billion kilometers
53
In which position of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun is the Northern Hemisphere experiencing winter?
right
bottom
top
left
54
Why is ozone important?
It acts like a shield, protecting Earth from harmful UV radiation.
Ozone molecules are directly responsible for the process of photosynthesis.
It allows all of the Sun’s heat and light energy to pass through to Earth.
Earth’s spheres do not rely on the protection of the ozone
55
Between which two planets does the main asteroid belt orbit the Sun?
Jupiter and Saturn
Earth and Mars
Saturn and Neptune
Mars and Jupiter
56
What might happen if the greenhouse effect did not exist?
The Earth would not have an atmosphere.
It would be too cold for humans to survive on the Earth.
The Earth’s temperature would be much more comfortable.
The Sun’s rays would never reach the surface of the Earth.
57
Which object would have the most gravity?
Earth
Jupiter
Mars
an elephant
58
Why is Mars red?
because of the iron oxide in the soil
because of gases in its atmosphere
because it's hot
because of the way the Sun reflects off of it
