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AP Psych Final Review Semester 1 Fall 2024 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych Final Review Semester 1 Fall 2024
AP Psych Final Review Semester 1 Fall 2024
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1
What is a dependent variable in psychological research?
A variable that remains constant throughout the study
The factor being manipulated by the researcher
The factor being measured as the outcome
A variable that influences the results but is not of primary interest
2
What Piaget stage lacks conservation?
neonatal stage
formal operational
concrete operational
pre operational
3
Spatial orientation appears to be a function of the brain’s ________, while speech production is located in ________.
Right hemisphere; left hemisphere
Visual lobe; frontal lobe
Temporal lobe; parietal lobe
Left hemisphere; right hemisphere
4
Achievement tests are designed to
compare person's personality with highly successful persons
assess learned knowledge or skills
measure desire/potential capacity to meet challenges
assess ability to produce novel & valuable ideas
5
A set of procedures that explain how a variable is measured is
An Operational definition
An independent variable
Informed consent
A case study
6
Food tastes better when it smells good. This best describes
Sensory processing
Sensory overload
Sensory adaptation
Sensory interaction
7
Reinforcement
increases and decreases frequency of behavior
increases frequency of behavior
relies on automatic responses
decreases frequency of behavior
8
If sodium gates are open and positive ions are flowing into the cell, the membrane is ___ and the cell is ___
Polarized; in a refractory period
Depolarizing; firing an action potential
Depolarizing; at rest
Polarized; firing an action potential
9
The earliest stage Erikson presents us with in early infancy is
ego integrity vs despair
trust vs mistrust
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs shame and doubt
10
Which of the following best illustrates the forgetting curve?
Forgetting much of a language, but remembering some years later
Massed vs. distributed practice
Assimilating to a new culture and forgetting old customs
Forgetting who told you a story
11
Rods and cones...
... are found in the olfactory nerve.
... expand and contract to allow light to enter the eye
... turn sound waves into electrical signals.
... are light sensitive cells in the retina.
12
Debate over whether development occurs gradually, without discernible shifts, or through a series of distinct stages is
continuity vs. discontinuity
cross-sectional vs. longitudinal
maturation vs. learning
nature vs. nurture
13
Transferring messages from a motor neuron to a leg muscle requires the neurotransmitter known as
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Glutamate
Norepinephrine
14
Genie’s condition was unique. Which method was used to understand her condition?
Survey
Experimentation
Correlation
Case study
15
The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in
sensing colorful stimuli
reading a textbook
experiencing taste
digesting food
16
An experiment that yields consistent results is considered
Standardized
Confounding
Valid
Reliable
17
In a psychological experiment, the independent variable is the variable that:
Measures the effects of the dependent variable
Remains constant throughout the study
Represents participants' individual differences
Is manipulated by the researcher
18
Neurons located in the muscles and glands are __. Neurons located in the brain and spinal cord are __.
Motor neurons; interneurons
Interneurons; motor neurons
sensory neurons; motor neurons
Astrocytes; interneurons
19
Which of the following studies demonstrates a cross-sectional research design?
Testing first graders at the end of the school year
Observing first graders as they interact with either 3rd or 5th graders
Testing 1st, 3rd, and 5th graders at the beginning of the school year
Testing the 1st graders, and testing them again when they are in 3rd grade
20
Anterograde Amnesia is...?
Inability to retrieve encoded information.
Inability to recall old memories after amnesia occurs.
Inability to create new memories after amnesia occurred.
Damage to Frontal Lobe
21
Construct Validity refers to an experiment
Being used to determine outcomes
Measuring what it says it is supposed to
Covering all parts of a topic
Obtaining the same score if it is run again
22
Dichromatism is a type of color blindness where:
One type of cone is missing or not functioning
All colors are perceived equally and normally
The retina does not detect light at all
A person sees only in shades of gray
23
What results from damage to the middle ear?
Conduction hearing loss
Loss of balance
Mixed hearing loss
Sensorineural hearing loss
24
Anthony can hear the trumpet over the other instruments in the band. Which Gestalt principal explains this?
Closure
Figure and ground
Continuity
Proximity
25
In classical conditioning, stimulus generalization occurs when an organism responds
with different types of responses to the UCS
with different types of responses to the NS
to stimuli similar to the UCS
to stimuli similar to the CS
26
Eleanor Gibson and her colleagues used the visual cliff to measure an infant’s ability to perceive
Animal sounds
Depth
Patterns
Shape constancy
27
Why do experiments include a control?
Everything has to be controlled.
Experiments cannot be conducted outside.
It is needed as a comparison.
It is the dependent variable.
28
In studying the behavior of 5 year olds in freeplay situations, a cognitive psychologist would be most interested in
prococial play activities
cooperative behavior
problem solving strategies
number of toys
29
In Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment, infants who were classified as securely attached were more likely to
not notice when the mother returned to the room
have a tantrum when the mother left the room
prevent the mother from leaving the room
express happiness when the mother returned to the room
30
Hypothetical and deductive thinking are characteristic of which of Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor
Concrete Operational
Preoperational
Formal operational
31
Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state?
the neuron is not polarized
Inside is positive compared to the outside
Inside is negative compared to the outside
The concentration of sodium ions are equal inside and out
32
Standard deviation is a measure of:
the outliers
bad behaviour
the centre
the spread
33
Nightmares are to ________ as sleepwalking is to ________.
NREM-2; NREM-3
REM; NREM-3
NREM-3; REM
REM; NREM-1
34
The theory that states we must learn a skill by a certain age or it will not develop is called
Biological predispositions
Assimilation
Critical period
Conservation
35
Which of the following research methods is used to measure brain waves while we sleep?
CT
MRI
EEG
PET
36
A child who wears a patch to protect a cornea scratch will not be able to use which depth cue?
Linear perspective
Texture gradient
Retinal disparity
Interposition
37
What kind of correlation is this?
Strong negative correlation
Strong positive correlation
Weak negative correlation
Weak positive correlation
38
Someone with a severed corpus callosum that sees a ball in their LEFT visual field cannot:
Correctly say they saw a ball
Choose a ball from among several objects with their left hand
Make a throwing motion with their left hand
Spell out “BALL” with letter magnets with their left hand
39
This scatter plot has a correlation coefficient of:
-1
+1
-0.5
+0.5
40
According to Piaget, accommodation refers to:
adjusting current schemas to make sense of new experiences
developmental changes in a child's behavior to be accepted
interpreting of new information in terms of existing knowledge
the parental efforts made to include new children
41
What is fluid intelligence?
Your use of accumulated knowledge
Knowledge of fluid objects
One general ability
Your ability to solve abstract problems
42
Which of the following questions would make someone most susceptible to the misinformation effect?
Were there other people around who witnessed the accident?
What can you tell me about what you saw?
How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?
How fast were the cars going when the accident occurred?
43
Negative afterimages are explained by
Lack of adaptation
Trichromatic theory
Opponent processing theory
Dichromatic color perception
44
One day, you were on your phone more than paying attention and get all those questions wrong on the test. This is due to
encoding failure
retrieval failure
proactive inteference
retroactive interference
45
Correlation does not imply…
Causation
Slope
Relationship
Effect
46
General Intelligence:
exceptional skill such as computation or drawing
the ability to perceive. understand and manage to use emotions
underlies mental abilities & is measured by tasks in intelligence tests
the ability to learn from experience, and solve problems
47
After eating bad sushi, Carly will not eat it. Others can eat it around her, but she will not. What explains this?
Insight learning
Biological predisopositions
Latent learning
Negative punishment
48
Damage to the basilar membrane is likely to result in
Conduction hearing loss
Sensorineural hearing loss
Mixed hearing loss
Loss of balance
49
Taking a painkiller to relieve a toothache is behavior learned through which of the following processes?
Positive punishment
Negative reinforcement
Negative punishment
Positive reinforcement
50
Predictive Validity is
Obtaining the same score if the experiment is run again
Covering all parts of a topic being tested
Measuring what it says it is supposed to
The ability to determine future outcomes from the data
51
Operational definitions are important for
Replication
Validity
Establishing correlation
Establishing causation
52
What do taste buds contain?
spicy flavors
cheeks
receptor organs
soft palate
53
Fixed ratio example?
Paychecks
Slot machines
Punch cards
Pop quizzes
54
Which is a term for a variable that researchers do not control and that can affect the results of a study
Dependent variable
Control variable
Independent variable
Confounding variable
55
You laugh more at a video after someone has told you it is funny, even if you did not think it was. This demonstrates
Bottom-up processing
Context-dependent memory
Perceptual set
Intattentional blindness
56
People listening to rock music played backward often perceive an evil message if specifically told what to listen for is
perceptual constancy
bottom-up processing
perceptual adaptation
top-down processing
57
Which of the following play the biggest role in our feeling dizzy and unbalanced after a thrilling roller coaster ride?
Cochlea
Auditory canal
Middle ear
Semicircular canals
58
You decide to ask a woman for directions because you think she will be kind. What method of problem solving is used
Algorithm
Divergent thinking
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
59
Piaget's "Conservation"
Piaget's observation that parents hold back child learning.
when child puts everything in their mouth
mass and number stay the same even when the form changes
Piaget's belief that kids don't like to waste material.
60
What cells in the brain can be compared to the structural support and insulation of a home?
Glial
Soma
Neurotransmitters
Schwann
61
Aptitude Test
accuracy
determines placement for future classes
measures acquired learning
measures ability to acquire a set of skills
62
All of the following are APA ethical guidelines for researchers EXCEPT:
Debriefing
No deception
Informed Consent
Voluntary participation
63
Sensorineural deafness...
Due to damage to the hair cells in the cochlea or cochlear nerve
Ringing in the ears
Usually associated with damage to the outer or middle ear
Impaired hearing due to earwax or ruptured ear drum
64
What is the function of an antagonist?
Mimics or enhances neurotransmitter's effect
Covering on a neuron to speed impulse
Blocks neurotransmitter's effect
Opens receptor sites
