3300 Final Exam Review Part 1

ethical limitations are a factor that cause research designs to be weaker

what are the four parts of a research article

term shows authority figures in the field find a research article of high quality and can be used as a reference

in single-subject designs which of the following determine if the manipulation of the IV causes the change in the DV

What type of article presents a new idea but often includes references to previous research

it is important to have ___________ responding in baseline to show an effect during treatment

This threat to internal validity is the possible errors in measurement

what type of baseline logic is accomplished by reproducing a previously observed change in behavior by reintroducing IV

effective sampling methods increase _____ validity, while random assignment increases ______ validity

limitations of the experiment should be explained in the methods section

this random selection method ensures that each subgroup in a sample is proportionate to the subgroup in the population

which design shows treatment effect by repeating manipulation across subjects, behaviors, and settings

counterbalancing technique in which a limited number of sequences are chosen, and each subject is randomly assigned to 1

this matching technique pairs participants of the same extraneous variable levels

control method uses statistical procedures to ensure certain extraneous variables are evenly dispersed across groups

in this type of design each participant experiences one condition and their scores are compared across conditions

what is the independent variable

"because dogs are good all dogs go to heaven" is not a good hypothesis because it is not

which of the following is NOT a method to control experimenter effects on data recording

creating a visual analysis to shows data trends over a period of time, a researcher would use what type of figure?

Which of the following is the weakest design

This section of an article integrates the current findings with past research

These variables exist between two others in a causal chain

this threat to internal validity occurs when events happening during the study affect the subjects post-test scores

this nonexperimental research design takes data from a population during a specific point in time

These type of variables qualify causal relationships dependent on another variable

This type of variable is uncontrolled by the experimenter

ABA design may not be an option as in some situations withdrawal of treatment may be unethical

this threat to internal validity occurs when participants' testing in baseline affects how they test in the intervention

This type of research does NOT attempt to explain variable relationships, but define them w/o manipulation of variables

what is the main distinction between these graphs

what type of baseline logic considers baseline data and anticipates future measurements if no IV is added

As internal validity increases, what other type of validity decreases

The introduction starting with practical implications and ending with a statement of purpose show what writing technique

Research articles in psychology use the Chicago Manual of Style as a formatting structure for citing references

Strength/weakness of a design is based on its level of _______

The independent and dependent variables are listed in what section of the article

type of validity is determined by extent to which we are measuring what we say we are

This section of an article states the purpose of the experiment

this threat to internal validity due to participants dropping out of the study for any reason

this technique controls for sequencing effects and is implemented during the experiment

counterbalancing technique in which all participants in a group receive all possible sequences of conditions

which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of single-subject designs

counterbalancing technique in which subjects take conditions in a certain order, and then again in reverse

pre-test post-test with a control group is a weak design.

this nonexperimental research design observes one pre-existing group over a period of time

A hypothesis is a collection of facts broadly explaining or interpretting a phenomenon

what is baseline

This AB design shows a distinct

which design shows control through distinct data-paths for each treatment and is typically used in a functional analysis

this threat to internal validity is the tendency of extreme scores to move towards the average during the 2nd measure

what is the dependent variable

this type of article provides an overview of the current studies on a specific topic

controlling techniques used during an experiment to prevent experimenter and participant effects

single-subject designs can have more than one subject

This type of validity is determined by the degree to which we can say the change in DV is a result of the change in IV

This threat to internal validity is because passage of time effects the DV

matching technique that defines experimental groups based on their level of the extraneous variables

What is a potential problem when forming a hypothesis

matching technique that only allows participants in study whose level of a extraneous variable falls within a range

pre-test post-test with a control group is which type of design

the skimming technique focuses on what sections of a research article

what type of baseline logic is accomplished by the removal of the IV resulting in behavior reverting to baseline levels

The "A" in ABA designs refers to what

The results section should present the data found and have no further analysis or interpretations

These variables are the ones we manipulate

Which of these methods of acquiring knowledge is a preferred scientific method

Deductive reasoning makes ___________ statements

which type of baseline logic is shown here

which of the forms of replication in single-subject designs increases external validity

this matching technique pairs experimental and control subjects so that the control receives the same consequence as exp

This is the variable in the experiment we measure

the goal of this section is to allow readers to perfectly replicate the experiment

controlling for participant effects in which the subject believes to have been given the treatment when they have not

in this type of research design, participants act as their own control and experience every condition

this nonexperimental research design assesses the statistical relationship between two variables

this random selection method takes random samples from subgroups within a population

type of validity in regard to the inferences we can make about the relationship between the IV/DV based on our analysis

which design is a collection of AB designs

This random selection method grants all members of a population an equal chance of being selected

counterbalancing technique in which the order of conditions is randomly determined for each individual participant

All birds have feathers. All ducks are birds. Therefore, all ducks have feathers. This is what type of reasoning

in single-subject designs other participants serve as controls for the experimental subjects

what trend is shown in the first phase

This type of study allows the researcher to examine multiple independent variables

_____ is a control technique used before the experiment to better assess known extraneous variables

Which design shows treatment effect by withdrawing the intervention and allowing behavior to return to baseline levels

control method that equates participants' chances to be in each group, to evenly disperse unknown extraneous variables

carrot consumption is associated with high blood pressure in younger subjects while lower in older subjects. type of V?

which of the following is not a factor affecting feasibility

"no other plausible explanation for effect exists" is one condition for a causal relationship, what are the other two

what is the main aspect of an experimental design that is missing in quasi-experimental designs

The most important technique in establishing internal validity is control

due to the possibility of type I or type II errors, we say that our conclusions explaining phenomenon are ___________

which design shows treatment effect by consecutive changes in the target behavior in unison w/ changes in the criteria

This type of reasoning starts with specific observation and moves to larger generalizations

in a lit review it is important to have distinct topic definitions and goals, to properly search library databases

this type of validity is determined by how much we can generalize the results to other scenarios

threat to internal validity is due to difference in control and experimental groups that prohibits accurate comparisons

This nonexperimental research design makes use of pre-existing conditions that cannot be created